Graves, J.
March 9th, 1874, Van Marter filed this bill to foreclose a mortgage executed to him by McMillan June 24th, 1869. The mortgage was made to secure several promissory notes of even date given by defendant to complainant and the bill claimed that the amount called for by seven of these notes was still unpaid and that the sum represented by three was due. .They were respectively for twenty-five dollars and interest at ten per cent and one was payable November 13th, 1871, and one in each year thereafter until the whole seven should be due. The others secured by the mortgage were earlier and seem to have been transferred to one Jehks and paid by McMillan. No one questions that they have been regularly satisfied.
McMillan answered and admitted giving the mortgage and seven notes as stated in the bill. He however denied the accuracy of the statement of the amount due and alleged that an error in computation had occurred, and next denied that any sum was due complainant on the notes and averred that pursuant to an agreement and understanding between the parties, defendant had fully paid the notes to complainant “ at sundry times in [305]*305goods, moneys, chattels, work and labor to the amount of two hundred dollars and upwards.”
A sworn answer being waived there was no oath. May 9th, 1874, the usual general replication was filed and the parties proceeded to produce evidence. September 12th, 1874, the taking of testimony was commenced and YanMarter then testified. The production of evidence was concluded April 13, 1876, at which time he testified again. June 14, 1877, the court on full hearing decreed in favor of complainant and rejected the defense.
The decree declared that there was then due $288.91 and that November 13, 1877, there would be due the further sum of $25 and interest thereon at ten per cent from November 13, 1876, amounting to $27.50.
The objection that the ownership of the demand or whatever of it had matured when the bill was filed, was in complainant’s mother, cannot be sustained. It rests entirely upon complainant’s statements on the stand, and all of his statements on the subject must be considered together. Some were made when he was first sworn and others nearly two years later and just at the close of the examination of witnesses, and on the last occasion he stated that since his previous deposition the arrangement with his mother had terminated. His exposition of her relation to the claim is not lucid. But upon the whole it causes the impression that she was never legal or equitable owner of any of the securities.
In regard to the defense set up by answer not many words are needed. There is no claim of set-off. The position is that the demand has been cancelled by payment under a somewhat singular arrangement. The giving of the securities is admitted and the complainant holds and produces them. They have not been actually taken up and prima facie remain in force as valid demands in complainant’s ownership. They presumptively make out the cause of action and this consequence is not liable to be overcome by slight or not very prob[306]*306able reasons. It is for tbe defendant to make out bis defense and prove that be paid tbe mortgage and notes as he asserts in bis answer. He is required to show distinctly tbe special agreement and 'the transactions under it constituting tbe alleged payment and satisfaction. No agreement in writing is produced, and it is conceded that none was made. If there was any understanding, it must have been verbal, and whether there was or not depends pretty much entirely on tbe testimony of tbe ■ parties. It seems that tbe mortgage in suit was given in place of one which contained a mistake, and tbe account given by defendant as a witness of this agreement, and tbe shape of it, is this: “He said seeing I had been so honorable with him, on tbe night of tbe 24th of June, 1869, in presence of bis wife, that he would take his payments in tin toare or anything, if it was only ten cents at a time, and I agreed I would do so; and when be called on me I did so, and whatever I paid him was to be endorsed on tbe 13th day of November in each and every year;” and further on be says the complainant also told him “if I would keep it in an account be would do tbe same and allow as much interest on tbe account as tbe mortgage called for.”
Tbe complainant fully and explicitly denies that be ever made tbe arrangement described or any other of tbe kind, and swears positively that be never entered into any arrangement with defendant or bad any understanding with him that tbe mortgage might be paid in any way except according to its own terms, and tbe surrounding incidents and presumptions weigh quite as strongly in favor of complainant as of defendant. Mrs. Van Marter in whose presence tbe defendant says tbe agreement was made died several years since, and consequently there is no one except tbe parties able to speak on personal knowledge as to tbe fact of making tbe alleged agreement.
It appears that tbe parties in one way and another carried on between them a very miscellaneous traffic in [307]*307small matters amounting in the aggregate to quite a sum, and that these dealings included little bailments and special bargains. It also appears that defendant made memoranda which contained, as he claimed, a correct account of items received by complainant pursuant to the agreement. Here again the evidence is opposed irreconcilably. Some items are distinctly shown to be not chargeable to complainant and others are disputed, and complainant swears that whatever charges are correctly set down as items against him are largely overborne by similar matters of account he has against defendant, and that the latter has virtually admitted it.
This branch of the controversy like the other, is left to be determined almost wholly upon the personal testimony of the parties, and the disagreement is complete. The failure of the defense is evident, and if it were less palpable it would be right to hesitate before assuming to interfere with the conclusion of the court below against a defense to plain written securities resting on such grounds and attempted to be maintained by evidence of the nature of that in the record.
A point is made by defendant that in decreeing that there was due at the date of the decree, June 14, 1877, the sum of $288.91, the court allowed too much, and he insists that the amount was unlawfully enhanced by making computation according to the act of 1869 (Sess. L., 1869, p. 12). The complainant contends that the computation was not under that act and that if it had been the amount must have been very much larger. He tacitly admits that the sum allowed is considerably beyond the principal with simple interest computed from November 18th, 1870, and he explains and defends the allowance by saying that although the notes due November 13, 1869 and November 13, 1870, were sold and paid to Jenks, still no interest on the principal was paid to him.
There is reason for saying that the decree is wrong in this particular, and moreover, that both parties are [308]*308in error likewise. Complainant has never made claim that interest should be calculated under the act of 1869, and therefore his position does not help to authorize an inference that the computation was so made. On the other hand the decree contains internal evidence that the court' did not intend to allow interest pursuant to that law.
The sum is conspicuously less .
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Graves, J.
March 9th, 1874, Van Marter filed this bill to foreclose a mortgage executed to him by McMillan June 24th, 1869. The mortgage was made to secure several promissory notes of even date given by defendant to complainant and the bill claimed that the amount called for by seven of these notes was still unpaid and that the sum represented by three was due. .They were respectively for twenty-five dollars and interest at ten per cent and one was payable November 13th, 1871, and one in each year thereafter until the whole seven should be due. The others secured by the mortgage were earlier and seem to have been transferred to one Jehks and paid by McMillan. No one questions that they have been regularly satisfied.
McMillan answered and admitted giving the mortgage and seven notes as stated in the bill. He however denied the accuracy of the statement of the amount due and alleged that an error in computation had occurred, and next denied that any sum was due complainant on the notes and averred that pursuant to an agreement and understanding between the parties, defendant had fully paid the notes to complainant “ at sundry times in [305]*305goods, moneys, chattels, work and labor to the amount of two hundred dollars and upwards.”
A sworn answer being waived there was no oath. May 9th, 1874, the usual general replication was filed and the parties proceeded to produce evidence. September 12th, 1874, the taking of testimony was commenced and YanMarter then testified. The production of evidence was concluded April 13, 1876, at which time he testified again. June 14, 1877, the court on full hearing decreed in favor of complainant and rejected the defense.
The decree declared that there was then due $288.91 and that November 13, 1877, there would be due the further sum of $25 and interest thereon at ten per cent from November 13, 1876, amounting to $27.50.
The objection that the ownership of the demand or whatever of it had matured when the bill was filed, was in complainant’s mother, cannot be sustained. It rests entirely upon complainant’s statements on the stand, and all of his statements on the subject must be considered together. Some were made when he was first sworn and others nearly two years later and just at the close of the examination of witnesses, and on the last occasion he stated that since his previous deposition the arrangement with his mother had terminated. His exposition of her relation to the claim is not lucid. But upon the whole it causes the impression that she was never legal or equitable owner of any of the securities.
In regard to the defense set up by answer not many words are needed. There is no claim of set-off. The position is that the demand has been cancelled by payment under a somewhat singular arrangement. The giving of the securities is admitted and the complainant holds and produces them. They have not been actually taken up and prima facie remain in force as valid demands in complainant’s ownership. They presumptively make out the cause of action and this consequence is not liable to be overcome by slight or not very prob[306]*306able reasons. It is for tbe defendant to make out bis defense and prove that be paid tbe mortgage and notes as he asserts in bis answer. He is required to show distinctly tbe special agreement and 'the transactions under it constituting tbe alleged payment and satisfaction. No agreement in writing is produced, and it is conceded that none was made. If there was any understanding, it must have been verbal, and whether there was or not depends pretty much entirely on tbe testimony of tbe ■ parties. It seems that tbe mortgage in suit was given in place of one which contained a mistake, and tbe account given by defendant as a witness of this agreement, and tbe shape of it, is this: “He said seeing I had been so honorable with him, on tbe night of tbe 24th of June, 1869, in presence of bis wife, that he would take his payments in tin toare or anything, if it was only ten cents at a time, and I agreed I would do so; and when be called on me I did so, and whatever I paid him was to be endorsed on tbe 13th day of November in each and every year;” and further on be says the complainant also told him “if I would keep it in an account be would do tbe same and allow as much interest on tbe account as tbe mortgage called for.”
Tbe complainant fully and explicitly denies that be ever made tbe arrangement described or any other of tbe kind, and swears positively that be never entered into any arrangement with defendant or bad any understanding with him that tbe mortgage might be paid in any way except according to its own terms, and tbe surrounding incidents and presumptions weigh quite as strongly in favor of complainant as of defendant. Mrs. Van Marter in whose presence tbe defendant says tbe agreement was made died several years since, and consequently there is no one except tbe parties able to speak on personal knowledge as to tbe fact of making tbe alleged agreement.
It appears that tbe parties in one way and another carried on between them a very miscellaneous traffic in [307]*307small matters amounting in the aggregate to quite a sum, and that these dealings included little bailments and special bargains. It also appears that defendant made memoranda which contained, as he claimed, a correct account of items received by complainant pursuant to the agreement. Here again the evidence is opposed irreconcilably. Some items are distinctly shown to be not chargeable to complainant and others are disputed, and complainant swears that whatever charges are correctly set down as items against him are largely overborne by similar matters of account he has against defendant, and that the latter has virtually admitted it.
This branch of the controversy like the other, is left to be determined almost wholly upon the personal testimony of the parties, and the disagreement is complete. The failure of the defense is evident, and if it were less palpable it would be right to hesitate before assuming to interfere with the conclusion of the court below against a defense to plain written securities resting on such grounds and attempted to be maintained by evidence of the nature of that in the record.
A point is made by defendant that in decreeing that there was due at the date of the decree, June 14, 1877, the sum of $288.91, the court allowed too much, and he insists that the amount was unlawfully enhanced by making computation according to the act of 1869 (Sess. L., 1869, p. 12). The complainant contends that the computation was not under that act and that if it had been the amount must have been very much larger. He tacitly admits that the sum allowed is considerably beyond the principal with simple interest computed from November 18th, 1870, and he explains and defends the allowance by saying that although the notes due November 13, 1869 and November 13, 1870, were sold and paid to Jenks, still no interest on the principal was paid to him.
There is reason for saying that the decree is wrong in this particular, and moreover, that both parties are [308]*308in error likewise. Complainant has never made claim that interest should be calculated under the act of 1869, and therefore his position does not help to authorize an inference that the computation was so made. On the other hand the decree contains internal evidence that the court' did not intend to allow interest pursuant to that law.
The sum is conspicuously less . than it would have been if fixed according to that act, and considering the simplicity of the operation the discrepancy cannot be charged to mistake.
Then again the case is clear that the amount paid to Jenks did cover the interest on the principal up to November 13, 1870. Defendant swears positively that he paid that interest to Jenks, and complainant does not controvert it. He merely says he does not know whether he did or not. It was due to Jenks. The notes transferred to him called for it and they were given up to defendant as satisfied in full. There is no other evidence as to whether it was paid or not, and certainly there is no ground for saying it was not paid. Was it included in the computation? Here again the ground for inference is wanting and the internal evidence is strong. All the proof showed that the back interest was paid and rightly paid to Jenks, so that complainant’s interest would have to be computed from November 13, 1870, and consequently the true state of the case is inconsistent with the supposition that the interest which accrued prior to that date was meant to be included. In the next place the amount.of that early interest and the actual deviation in the decree do not correspond. The decree would not be set right in amount by striking out a sum equal to that interest. How then shall the real discrepancy be accounted for? By making an accurate computation of simple interest on the whole principal sum from November 13, 1870 to November 13, 1876, and from the latter time on $150, the amount then payable, for the fraction of the year at the time of the [309]*309decree, June 14, 1877, (the interest for the last year on the last twenty-five dollar payment being excluded on account of not falling due until the 13th of November after the decree), the amount of principal and interest due is found to be exactly $25 less than the amount inserted in the decree. The latter is therefore too large by precisely $25. How may this, be explained? The record, it is believed, affords a perfect answer. On turning to the mortgage it is found that it contains a clause allowing $25 as attorney fee in case of foreclosure, and beyond all question this item in some way has crept into the allowance and has caused the perplexity experienced. Of course it is improper and must be stricken out. Sage v. Riggs, 12 Mich., 313.
The decree being corrected in this respect ought to be affirmed. The complainant is entitled to costs.
The other Justices concurred.