Valentine v. State Farm Mutual Automobile Insurance

105 F. Supp. 3d 1176, 2015 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 54722, 2015 WL 1915374

• Court: District Court, D. Nevada
• Decided: April 27, 2015
• Docket: No. 2:14-cv-0999-RCJ-NJK
• Status: Published

Opinion

ORDER

ROBERT C. JONES, District Judge.

This case arises from Defendant State Farm’s alleged refusal to pay a claim submitted by Plaintiff Christy Valentine, one of its insureds. Before the Court is State Farm’s Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 21). Plaintiff filed a Response (ECF No. 24) and State Farm filed a Reply (ECF No. 27). For the reasons contained herein, the Motion is GRANTED.

I. FACTS AND PROCEDURAL HISTORY

At all times relevant to this action, Plaintiff owned an automobile insurance policy purchased from State Farm (“the Policy”). The Policy included Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist (“UM/UIM”) coverage. On July 23, 2012, Plaintiff was involved in an automobile accident in Las Vegas, Nevada when a third-party struck the rear end of her. vehicle (“the Accident”). (Compl. ¶ 6, ECF No. 1). The Accident caused only minor damages to Plaintiffs vehicle and in her initial report to State Farm she stated that no injuries were suffered. (Claim Record, ECF No. 21, Ex. C, at 168). The other vehicle was a rental car that had been loaned by the renter to the third-party driver, who .was uninsured. (Id.). The party who rented the vehicle was insured by Allstate.

On July 25, 2012, Plaintiff contacted State Farm and stated that she had begun feeling back pain allegedly due to the Accident. (Id.).. On August 2, 2012, State Farm Claims Representative Debbie Bridgeman (“Bridgeman”) sent a letter to Plaintiff acknowledging her claim under the UM/UIM coverage portion of the Policy and requested that Plaintiff sign a “Medical Authorization for Release of Information” so that State Farm could investigate Plaintiffs medical claims. (Hooker Deck ¶7, ECF No. 23). Bridgeman also included a “Medical Provider List and Injury Questionnaire” so that Plaintiff could list her current and past medical providers. (Id.).

On August 6, 2012,- State Farm received a letter from Plaintiffs counsel notifying it that Plaintiff was represented in the potential UM/UIM claim and directing State Farm to send any future correspondence to counsel. (Id. ¶ 8). Thereafter, on September 24, 2012, Bridgeman sent a letter to Plaintiffs counsel requesting verification of the Allstate liability limits and the available limits through the rental company. (Id. ¶ 9). When Bridgeman received no response, she sent another letter to Plaintiffs counsel on December 11, 2012 inquiring whether Plaintiff would be making a UM/UIM claim and again requesting verification of the liability limits for Allstate. (Id. ¶ 10). Again, no response was forthcoming. On May 13, 2013, Bridge-man sent yet another letter to Plaintiffs counsel inquiring whether Plaintiff would be submitting a UM/UMI claim based on the Accident and requesting that Plaintiff provide all medical records and bills associated with the injury sustained during the Accident, along with the information Bridgeman previously requested. (Id. If 11).

Finally, on May 20, 2013, Plaintiffs counsel sent a formal demand letter to State Farm with an attachment indicating Allstate’s rejection of liability and listing Plaintiffs medical expenses in relation to the injury she allegedly sustained on July 23, 2010. The expenses listed totaled $21,850. (Demand Letter, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. I). The letter also included notes from Plaintiffs doctor -visit following the accident. The examination was characterized as a “follow-up” visit and the- doctor noted that Plaintiffs lower back was “feeling better” with injections “until [she] was struck” in a motor vehicle accident. (Medical Notes, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. J). The doctor also .“renewed” a number-of medical prescriptions for Plaintiff. (Id.). The other piece of medical history provided by Plaintiffs counsel showed that Plaintiff suffered from’ degenerative disc disease and lumbosacral. (Id.). '

Based on this information, Bridgeman determined that Plaintiff obviously suffered from a pre-existing'condition that affected her lower back. (Injury Evaluation, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. K). Accordingly, before State Farm could make any payments under the UM/UIM coverage, it needed to determine what medical costs were attributable to the Plaintiffs alleged injury from the Accident and which expenses arose from Plaintiffs pre-existing condition.

On June 1, 2013, Bridgeman completed a partial evaluation of Plaintiffs UM/UMI claim but sent Plaintiffs counsel a letter requiring the additional information necessary to finalize the evaluation, Bridgeman stated that it appeared “that Ms. [Valentine] [had] chronic back problems and was treating just prior to this loss.” (June 1, 2013 Letter, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. L). Bridgeman then requested Plaintiffs five-year medical history and' an opinion of apportionment pertaining to Plaintiffs lumbar and cervical areas from Plaintiffs treating physician, Dr. Jeremy Lipshutz. (Id.). Bridgeman noted that, alternatively, Plaintiff could sign ■ an enclosed-' medical authorization form and State Farm would obtain the requested information from her doctors. (Id.).

When State Farm heard nothing from Plaintiff or her counsel, Bridgeman sent a letter on July 8, 2013 to reiterate the need for the information requested in the June 1st letter and stating that State ■ Farm could not complete the UM/UIM evaluation without it. (July 8, 2013 Letter, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. M). On July 19, 2013, Plaintiffs counsel provided denial letters from the adverse insurance companies, including Allstate, and counsel indicated that Plaintiffs prior medical records had been requested. (July 19, 2013 Response, ECF No. 21-2, ECF No. N). On August 6, 2013, Bridgeman wrote to Plaintiffs counsel, thanking him for the denial letters and again requesting that Plaintiffs medical history and that Dr. Lipshutz’s apportionment opinion be sent tó State Farm so the UM/UIM claim evaluation could be completed. (Aug. 6, 2013 Letter, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. O).

On October 2, 2013, Bridgeman once again sent a letter to Plaintiffs counsel with enclosed copies of the June 1st letter, the July 8th letter, and the August 6th letter, requesting that Plaintiff’s five-year medical history be provided. (Oct.. 2, 2013 Letter, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. O). Alternatively, Bridgeman asked that Plaintiff sign a medical authorization form and identify a list of medical providers so that State Farm could pursue the information on its own. (Id.). In response, Plaintiffs counsel sent State Farm prior medical records from Plaintiffs primary care provider, Dr. Jennifer Leepard. (Hooker ■ Deck . ¶ 20). The records revealed that Plaintiff had sought treatment for serious lumbar spine conditions during the five years prior to the Accident. (Id.; Medical Records, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. Q).

With this additional information, Bridge-man attempted to complete her evaluation of Plaintiffs UM/UMI claim, but she still needed to know how the various medical bills should be apportioned between Plaintiffs pre-existing condition and the injuries allegedly suffered in- the Accident. Since Plaintiff still had not provided an apportionment opinion, State Farm contacted Dr. Joseph Schifinrand requested that he provide an objective opinion regarding the apportionment of Plaintiffs injuries' and treatment expenses. (Nov. 19, 2013 Letter, ECF No. 21-2, Ex. T). Dr. Schifini conducted an evaluation based on the medical records provided; however, he requested a number of missing records from “Dr. Lipshutz, Dr. Jason Garber, and Dr. Harb” as well as lumbar MRIs that were performed on Plaintiff during the five years preceding the Accident but that were not included in the information sent to State Farm.. Bridgeman then made this same request to Plaintiffs counsel on January 15, 2014 and indicated that State Farm would secure the information if Plaintiff was inclined to sign the medical authorization form. (Jan. 15, 2014, Letter, ECF No. 21-3, Ex. U). Bridgeman also invited Plaintiffs treating physician to respond to Dr. Schifini’s report if Plaintiff so wished. (Id.).

On February 11, 2014, Bridgeman sent yet another letter to Plaintiffs counsel to follow up the January 15th letter and again request the missing medical information and lumbar MRIs so that apportionment could be determined and evaluation of Plaintiffs UM/UIM claim completed. (Feb.' 11, 2014 Letter, ECF No. 21-3, Ex. V). The next day, Plaintiffs counsel rev turned the . signed authorization form for the release of Plaintiffs medical information, though a list of medical providers was not included. (Feb. 12, 2014 Letter, ECF No. 21-3, Ex. W). Plaintiffs.counsel also advised that he would contact State Farm in thirty days-for a status update on the UM/UIM claim evaluation.

However, on February 26, 2014, less than two weeks after sending the medical authorization form, Plaintiff filed the present lawsuit against State Farm in state court claiming breach of contract, bad faith, and unjust enrichment. (CompLIffl 20, 25, 29). State Farm removed the action to this Court. (Pet. for Removal, ECF No. 1). After engaging in discovery, State Farm filed the present Motion for Summary Judgment on Plaintiffs claims.

II. LEGAL STANDARD

A principal purpose of the summary judgment rule is to “isolate and dispose of factually unsupported claims or defenses.” Celotex Corp. v. Catrett, 477 U.S. 317, 323-24, 106 S.Ct. 2548, 91 L.Ed.2d 265 (1986). A court grants summary judgment only if “the movant shows that there is no genuine issue as to any material fact and the movant is entitled to judgment as a matter of law.” Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(a). In making this determination, the court “must draw all reasonable inferences supported by the evidence in favor of the non-moving party.” Villiarimo v. Aloha Island Air, Inc., 281 F.3d 1054, 1061 (9th Cir.2002). “[T]his standard provides that the mere existence of some alleged factual dispute between the parties will not defeat an otherwise properly supported motion for summary judgment.” Anderson v. Liberty Lobby, Inc., 477 U.S. 242, 247-48, 106 S.Ct. 2505, 91 L.Ed.2d 202 (1986). Rather, only genuine issues of material facts are relevant to the summary judgment analysis. A fact is material if it “might affect the outcome of the suit under the governing law.” Id. at 248, 106 S.Ct. 2505. “The moving party bears the initial burden of establishing the absence of a genuine issue of material fact.” Fairbank v. Wunderman Cato Johnson, 212 F.3d 528, 531 (9th Cir.2000). The burden is met by demonstrating to the court “that there is an absence of evidence to support the nonmoving party’s case.” Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 325, 106 S.Ct. 2548. This is done by citing to depositions, documents, electronically stored information, affidavits or declarations, stipulations, admissions, interrogatory answers, or other materials. Fed.R.Civ.P. 56(c)(1)(A). Once the initial burden is met, however, “Rule 56(e) requires the nonmov-ing party to go beyond the pleadings and identify facts which show a genuine issue for trial.” Fairbank, 212 F.3d at 531.

Furthermore, summary judgment is mandated “against a party who fails to make a showing sufficient to establish the existence of an element essential to that party’s case, and on which that party will bear the burden of proof at trial.” Celotex Corp., 477 U.S. at 322,106 S.Ct. 2548. “In such a situation, there can be no genuine issue as to any material fact, since a complete failure of proof concerning an essential element of the nonmoving party’s case necessarily renders all other facts immaterial.” Id. at 322-23, 106 S.Ct. 2548. Conversely, where reasonable minds could differ on the facts proffered in support of a claim, summary judgment should not be granted. Petzak v. Nevada ex rel. Dep’t of Corr., 579 F.Supp.2d 1330, 1333 (D.Nev.2008). “Summary judgment is inappropriate if reasonably jurors ... could return a verdict in the nonmoving party’s favor.” Diaz v. Eagle Produce Ltd. P’ship, 521 F.3d 1201, 1207 (9th Cir.2008).

III. DISCUSSION

State Farm argues that summary judgment is appropriate in this case because Plaintiff violated the terms of the Policy by failing to provide complete medical records or medical authorization so that State Farm could fully investigate Plaintiffs preexisting medical condition in order to determine what portion of her injuries were caused by the Accident. State Farm also argues that Plaintiff violated the terms of the Policy by filing suit before complying with the Policy’s conditions. State Farm maintains that these violations release it from any obligation pertaining to Plaintiffs UM/UIM claim. The Court agrees.

The UM/U'IM portion of the Policy states in relevant part:

INSURED’S DUTIES

3. Insured’s Duty to Cooperate With Us • ■

а. The insured must cooperate with us and, when asked, assist us in:

(2) securing and giving evidence;

б. Other Duties ... Uninsured Motor Vehicle Coverage....

A person making a claim under: a. ... Uninsured Motor Vehicle Coverage ... must:

(1) notify us of the claim and give us all the details about the death, injury, treatment, and other information that we may need as soon as reasonably possible after the injured insured is first examined or treated for the injury.

(3) provide written authorization for us to obtain:

(a) medical bills;

(b) medical records; [and]

(d) any other information we deem necessary to substantiate the claim. If the holder of the information refuses to provide it to us despite the authorization, then at our request, the person making claim or his or her legal representative must obtain the information and promptly provide it to. us.

(Insurance Policy, ECF No. 22, at SF000034-35).

The Policy also prohibits the insured from bringing legal action against State Farm if the insured fails to comply with the terms of the Policy:

GENERAL TERMS

13. Legal Action Against Us

Legal action may not be brought against, nor may arbitration be demanded of, us until there has been full compliance with all the provisions of this policy. In addition, legal action may only be brought against, or arbitration demanded of, us regarding:

(c)Uninsured Motor Vehicle Coverage if the insured 'or that insured’s legal representative:

(1) presents either an Uninsured Motor Vehicle Coverage claim to us; and

(2) files a lawsuit or demands nonbinding arbitration in accordance with the Deciding Fault and Amount provision of the involved coverage.

Except as provided in c.(2) above, no other legal action may be brought against, nor any arbitration be demanded of, us relation to Uninsured Motor Vehicle Coverage for any other causes of action that arise out of or are related to these coverages until there has been full compliance with the provisions titled Consent to Settlement • and Deciding Fault and Amount.

(Id. at SF000038).

Under Nevada law, “[a]n insurance policy is a contract that, must be enforced according to its terms to accomplish the intent of the parties.” Farmers Ins. Exch. v. Neal, 119 Nev. 62, 64 P.3d 472, 473 (2003). “If an insurance policy is unambiguous, [the court] interprets] it according to the plain meaning of its terms.” Century Sur. Co. v. Casino W., Inc., — Nev.-, 329 P.3d 614, 616 (2014). While the language of the policy is viewed- from the perspective of one not trained in the law or insurance, “[u]nambiguous provisions will not be rewritten.” Neal, 64 P.3d at 473. And “[w]hen an insurance policy explicitly makes compliance with a term in the policy a condition precedent to coverage, the insured has the burden of establishing that it complied with that term.” Las Vegas Metro. Police Dep’t v. Coregis Ins. Co., 256 P.3d 958, 962 (Nev.2011).

In this case, the undisputed facts make it clear that Plaintiff failed to fulfill her side of the bargain. State Farm initially requested Plaintiffs medical information pursuant to the Policy on August 2, 2012 so that the coverage amount could be determined. Nine months later, and after three more letters from Bridgeman, in May 2013 Plaintiffs counsel finally provided a formal demand for coverage under the Policy and certain medical records and bills.- But the medical records were limited to doctor visits that occurred after the Accident and they indicated that Plaintiff suffers from chronic lower back problems. Understandably, then, State Farm sought additional information to determine what injury, if any, was caused by the Accident and therefore covered, under the Policy.

Bridgeman first made a request for additional medical information on June 1, 2013. Plaintiff did not answer. Bridge-man made another request on July 8, 2013. And while Plaintiffs counsel provided the denial letters from' the adverse insurance companies, no medical history was sent. Thus, Bridgeman made a third request on August 6, 2013. Plaintiff did not answer. On October 2, 2013, Bridgeman made a fourth request for Plaintiffs medical history and an opinion from Dr. Lipshutz regarding the apportionment of Plaintiffs injuries. At last, Plaintiff responded by providing the medical records of her primary physician for the five years preceding the Accident, approximately fourteen months after State Farm’s initial request.

Although these medical records made it clear to State Farm that Plaintiffs lower back condition pre-dated the Accident and was regularly treated before the Accident, the records failed to give State Farm any idea of what portion of Plaintiffs injury and submitted medical bills should be attributed to the Accident. This is particularly true since Plaintiff ignored State Farm’s request for.Dr. Lipshutz’s opinion on the matter.

To ascertain some certainty as to what amount of Plaintiffs medical bills should be reimbursed, Bridgeman passed Plaintiffs medical records to. Dr. Schifini, who also could not determine the degree of injury Plaintiff suffered from the Accident without additional medical records. At that point, State Farm for a fifth time requested Plaintiffs full medical records or alternatively that Plaintiff sign the authorization'form so that Bridgeman could pursue the necessary information. Plaintiff did not answer.

A sixth letter was sent to Plaintiffs counsel requesting the various medical records and lumbar MRI to which Plaintiff finally responded with a signed authorization form, though she omitted the names of medical providers from whom the information could be obtained. Shortly thereafter, Plaintiff sued State Farm.

These facts clearly show a lack of cooperation on Plaintiffs part. It is axiomatic that an insurer must only provide payment on claims to which the insured is legally entitled. Pemberton v. Farmers Ins. Exch., 109 Nev. 789, 858 P.2d 380, 384 (1993). In cases where the plaintiff has a pre-existing condition and then suffers injury to that same area, it is the plaintiffs initial burden to prove that the accident was a cause óf the plaintiffs claimed injury. Kleitz v. Raskin, 103 Nev. 325, 738 P.2d 508, 510 (1987). If the insured is unwilling to assist the insurer in determin-ing whether particular injuries resulted from an accident covered by the insured’s policy rather than a pre-existing condition, then certainly the insured has failed to cooperate. See Holland v. State Farm Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 2:12-cv-01058-LDG-GWF, 2014 WL 1268712, at *5 (D.Nev. Mar. 27, 2014) (George, J.) (denying coverage where insured refused to provide complete information despite repéated requests by the insurer).

Plaintiff cannot expect State Farm to pay her medical bills without proving that at least some of the cost stems from the* Accident, especially when her lumbar issues are so well documented and she was receiving extensive treatment prior to July 23, 2012. In fact, Plaintiff acknowledges that she had the responsibility to .“assist State Farm with its investigation and provide all information necessary for them to-determine the value of her claim before she [could]* file suit,” (Pl.’s Opp’n 8, ECF No. 24). Plaintiff argues, however, that she fulfilled this requirement when she provided various medical records on May 20, 2013. As State Farm conveyed to Plaintiffs counsel multiple times, the records provided were unresponsive as to.apportionment, and the • evaluation could not be completed without some evidence on that matter. Furthermore, Plaintiff never explained to State Farm.why Dr. Lipshutz or another of Plaintiffs treating physicians could not . provide an apportionment opinion.

The Court also notes that State Farm never actually denied Plaintiffs claim. Bridgeman worked to complete the evaluation of the claim with the limited information available to her. Once State Farm determined that the evaluation could not be finalized without an apportionment opinion it sought Dr. Schifini’s assistance. However, when Dr. Schifini could not determine proper apportionment, Bridgeman again -requested that Plaintiff provide the additional medical records. In what appears to be nothing more than a sham effort to comply with the terms of the Policy, Plaintiff signed the medical authorization form on February 12, 2014 only to sue State Farm a week and a half later.¹ Indeed, Plaintiffs lawsuit prevented State Farm from concluding its investigation and determining whether to grant or deny coverage.

It is absurd to think that an insured who fails to provide her insurer with medical information critical to a full and fair investigation of the insured’s claim should then be able to sue the insurer for refusing to pay on that same claim. See Schwartz v. State Farm, Mut. Auto. Ins. Co., No. 2:07— cv-00060-KJD-LRL, 2009 WL 2197370, at *7 (D.Nev. July 23, 2009) (Dawson, J.) (finding that the insured’s “unjustified refusal” to submit to an independent medical exam precluded her from recovering under the insurance policy). By ignoring State Farm’s numerous requests for the information that would allow an apportionment of the injuries and treatments, Plaintiff did not cooperate with State Farm and prevented a complete investigation of her claim. The duty to cooperate is an unambiguous requirement under the terms of Plaintiffs Policy, and she breached it. Plaintiff is therefore precluded from maintaining suit against State Farm since cooperation is a condition of her coverage and therefore a prerequisite to legal action. Las Vegas Star Taxi, Inc. v. St. Paul Fire & Marine Ins. Co., 102 Nev. 11, 714 P.2d 562, 562-63 (1986) (holding that where a policy specifies that a particular condition of coverage must be met before the insurance company is liable, such provisions are generally enforced).

The Court grants State Farm’s Motion.

CONCLUSION

IT IS HEREBY ORDERED that State Farm’s Motion for Summary Judgment (ECF No. 21) is GRANTED.

IT IS SO ORDERED.

1 . Plaintiff argues that the Policy did not require her to provide both medical records and a signed medical authorization form. (Pl.’s Opp’n 9, ECF No. 24). This argument is unpersuasive and unavailing. It is apparent from the facts that State Farm was not requiring both. State Farm primarily requested that Plaintiff provide her complete medical records for the five years prior to the Accident. When Plaintiff failed to comply, Bridgeman suggested that, alternatively, Plaintiff could sign an authorization form so that State Farm could pursue the records on its own and complete its investigation.