UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
) U.S. ENGINEERING COMPANY, ) ) Petitioner, ) ) v. ) Civil Case No. 17-cv-02004 (TSC) ) UNITED SHEET METAL, INC., ) ) Respondent. ) )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Petitioner U.S. Engineering Company (“U.S. Engineering”) brings this suit seeking the
confirmation of an arbitration award against Respondent United Sheet Metal, Inc. (“Sheet
Metal”). Sheet Metal has not filed an appearance in this matter. Before the court is U.S.
Engineering’s motion for default judgment. (ECF No. 9.) For the reasons stated herein, the
court will GRANT the motion for default judgment.
I. BACKGROUND
U.S. Engineering is a mechanical contractor that performed “mechanical contracting
services” as part of a renovation project for the Embassy of the Republic of South Africa. (ECF
No. 1-1 (“Mem. in Supp. of Pet.”) at 1.) In February 2012, U.S. Engineering entered into a
subcontract with Sheet Metal to “fabricate and install sheet metal and duct work in the HVAC 1
system” for the embassy renovation project. (Id. at 1; ECF No. 1-3 (“Subcontract”).) The
agreement contained a clause whereby all disputes concerning the agreement were to be
addressed in binding arbitration. (Mem. in Supp. of Pet. at 2 (quoting Subcontract ¶ 26).)
1 HVAC is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning. 1 At some point after entering into the agreement, a dispute arose regarding the quality of
Sheet Metal’s work. (Id. at 2.) The parties then entered into arbitration proceedings before the
International Centre for Dispute Resolution (“ICDR”), in which U.S. Engineering sought an
award of $338,877.00 from Sheet Metal, alleging breach of contract due to “incomplete and
defective work,” and developed a record in support of its claim. (Id.) Sheet Metal, on the other
hand, asserted claims and defenses but abandoned the arbitration in December 2014. (Id. at 3.)
According to U.S. Engineering, a Sheet Metal representative informed U.S. Engineering that
Sheet Metal “went out of business” in March 2014. (Id.)
The ICDR issued its “Final Award” on July 26, 2017, noting Sheet Metal’s failure to
participate in the proceedings. (Id.) ICDR awarded U.S. Engineering the entire $338,877.00 it
claimed in damages for breach of contract and an additional $83,267.85 for attorney’s fees, costs,
and expenses, for a total award of $417,144.85. (Id.) U.S. Engineering now seeks judicial
confirmation of the arbitration award. (Id.)
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Courts may “enter default judgment [under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55] when a
defendant fails to defend its case appropriately or otherwise engages in dilatory tactics.” Peak v.
District of Columbia, 236 F.R.D. 13, 15 (D.D.C. 2006) (quoting Keegel v. Key West &
Caribbean Trading Co., 627 F.2d 372, 375 n.5 (D.C. Cir. 1980)). Rule 55 establishes a two-step
procedure that a plaintiff must follow to obtain default judgment. First, the plaintiff must ask the
Clerk of Court to enter default based on a defendant’s failure “to plead or otherwise defend” in
response to the complaint. Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). Upon entry of default, “the defaulting
defendant is deemed to admit every well-pleaded allegation in the complaint.” Robinson v. Ergo
Sols., LLC, 4 F. Supp. 3d 171, 178 (D.D.C. 2014) (citation and quotation marks omitted); see
2 also Adkins v. Teseo, 180 F. Supp. 2d 15, 17 (D.D.C. 2001). Second, after the Clerk has entered
default, if applying to the court for default judgment, the plaintiff must “prove its entitlement to
the amount of monetary damages requested” by submitting “detailed affidavits or documentary
evidence” on which the court may rely. Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(b)(2); Fanning v. Permanent Sol.
Indus., Inc., 257 F.R.D. 4, 7 (D.D.C. 2009). Once a plaintiff has satisfied those procedural
requirements, “[t]he determination of whether default judgment is appropriate is committed to
the discretion of the trial court.” Int’l Painters & Allied Trades Indus. Pension Fund v. Auxier
Drywall, LLC, 531 F. Supp. 2d 56, 57 (D.D.C. 2008) (citing Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831, 836
(D.C. Cir. 1980)).
Default judgments are disfavored resolutions to controversies because courts prefer to
resolve disputes on the merits rather than on procedural technicalities. See Jackson, 636 F.2d at
835. This is especially true when a party seeks an undetermined amount in damages against a
silent respondent. See id. (noting that a hearing is required when a claim for damages is
“unliquidated”). See also Klapprott v. United States, 335 U.S. 601, 611–12 (1949) (“default
judgments for money damages where there is any uncertainty as to the amount must ordinarily
be supported by actual proof”). However, although it is a disfavored remedy, default judgment is
appropriate where “the adversary process has been halted because of an essentially unresponsive
party,” and “the diligent party must be protected lest it be faced with interminable delay and
continued uncertainty as to its rights.” Swiss Inst. Of Bioinformatics v. Glob. Initiative on
Sharing All Influenza Data, 49 F. Supp. 3d 92, 96 (D.D.C. 2014) (citations and alterations
omitted).
3 III. ANALYSIS
Courts have limited discretion in reviewing an arbitration award. See United
Paperworkers Int’l Union, AFL-CIO v. Misco, Inc., 484 U.S. 29, 36–37 (1987). Indeed, a “court
must confirm an arbitration award where some colorable support for the award can be gleaned
from the record.” Int’l Trading & Indus. Inv. Co. v. DynCorp Aerospace Tech., 763 F. Supp. 2d
12, 20 (D.D.C. 2011) (quotation marks and citation omitted). And “in the absence of a legal
basis to vacate, [a] court has no discretion but to confirm the award.” Int’l Thunderbird Gaming
Corp. v. United Mexican States, 473 F. Supp. 2d 80, 83 (D.D.C. 2007) (citation omitted).
Heeding this directive, courts confirm arbitration awards via default judgment where the
petitioner’s request is consistent with the Federal Arbitration Act (the “FAA”), 9 U.S.C. § 1 et
seq. See e.g. Non-Dietary Exposure Task Force v. Tagros Chems. India, Ltd., 309 F.R.D. 66
(D.D.C.
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UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
) U.S. ENGINEERING COMPANY, ) ) Petitioner, ) ) v. ) Civil Case No. 17-cv-02004 (TSC) ) UNITED SHEET METAL, INC., ) ) Respondent. ) )
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Petitioner U.S. Engineering Company (“U.S. Engineering”) brings this suit seeking the
confirmation of an arbitration award against Respondent United Sheet Metal, Inc. (“Sheet
Metal”). Sheet Metal has not filed an appearance in this matter. Before the court is U.S.
Engineering’s motion for default judgment. (ECF No. 9.) For the reasons stated herein, the
court will GRANT the motion for default judgment.
I. BACKGROUND
U.S. Engineering is a mechanical contractor that performed “mechanical contracting
services” as part of a renovation project for the Embassy of the Republic of South Africa. (ECF
No. 1-1 (“Mem. in Supp. of Pet.”) at 1.) In February 2012, U.S. Engineering entered into a
subcontract with Sheet Metal to “fabricate and install sheet metal and duct work in the HVAC 1
system” for the embassy renovation project. (Id. at 1; ECF No. 1-3 (“Subcontract”).) The
agreement contained a clause whereby all disputes concerning the agreement were to be
addressed in binding arbitration. (Mem. in Supp. of Pet. at 2 (quoting Subcontract ¶ 26).)
1 HVAC is an abbreviation for Heating, Ventilating, and Air Conditioning. 1 At some point after entering into the agreement, a dispute arose regarding the quality of
Sheet Metal’s work. (Id. at 2.) The parties then entered into arbitration proceedings before the
International Centre for Dispute Resolution (“ICDR”), in which U.S. Engineering sought an
award of $338,877.00 from Sheet Metal, alleging breach of contract due to “incomplete and
defective work,” and developed a record in support of its claim. (Id.) Sheet Metal, on the other
hand, asserted claims and defenses but abandoned the arbitration in December 2014. (Id. at 3.)
According to U.S. Engineering, a Sheet Metal representative informed U.S. Engineering that
Sheet Metal “went out of business” in March 2014. (Id.)
The ICDR issued its “Final Award” on July 26, 2017, noting Sheet Metal’s failure to
participate in the proceedings. (Id.) ICDR awarded U.S. Engineering the entire $338,877.00 it
claimed in damages for breach of contract and an additional $83,267.85 for attorney’s fees, costs,
and expenses, for a total award of $417,144.85. (Id.) U.S. Engineering now seeks judicial
confirmation of the arbitration award. (Id.)
II. STANDARD OF REVIEW
Courts may “enter default judgment [under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 55] when a
defendant fails to defend its case appropriately or otherwise engages in dilatory tactics.” Peak v.
District of Columbia, 236 F.R.D. 13, 15 (D.D.C. 2006) (quoting Keegel v. Key West &
Caribbean Trading Co., 627 F.2d 372, 375 n.5 (D.C. Cir. 1980)). Rule 55 establishes a two-step
procedure that a plaintiff must follow to obtain default judgment. First, the plaintiff must ask the
Clerk of Court to enter default based on a defendant’s failure “to plead or otherwise defend” in
response to the complaint. Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(a). Upon entry of default, “the defaulting
defendant is deemed to admit every well-pleaded allegation in the complaint.” Robinson v. Ergo
Sols., LLC, 4 F. Supp. 3d 171, 178 (D.D.C. 2014) (citation and quotation marks omitted); see
2 also Adkins v. Teseo, 180 F. Supp. 2d 15, 17 (D.D.C. 2001). Second, after the Clerk has entered
default, if applying to the court for default judgment, the plaintiff must “prove its entitlement to
the amount of monetary damages requested” by submitting “detailed affidavits or documentary
evidence” on which the court may rely. Fed. R. Civ. P. 55(b)(2); Fanning v. Permanent Sol.
Indus., Inc., 257 F.R.D. 4, 7 (D.D.C. 2009). Once a plaintiff has satisfied those procedural
requirements, “[t]he determination of whether default judgment is appropriate is committed to
the discretion of the trial court.” Int’l Painters & Allied Trades Indus. Pension Fund v. Auxier
Drywall, LLC, 531 F. Supp. 2d 56, 57 (D.D.C. 2008) (citing Jackson v. Beech, 636 F.2d 831, 836
(D.C. Cir. 1980)).
Default judgments are disfavored resolutions to controversies because courts prefer to
resolve disputes on the merits rather than on procedural technicalities. See Jackson, 636 F.2d at
835. This is especially true when a party seeks an undetermined amount in damages against a
silent respondent. See id. (noting that a hearing is required when a claim for damages is
“unliquidated”). See also Klapprott v. United States, 335 U.S. 601, 611–12 (1949) (“default
judgments for money damages where there is any uncertainty as to the amount must ordinarily
be supported by actual proof”). However, although it is a disfavored remedy, default judgment is
appropriate where “the adversary process has been halted because of an essentially unresponsive
party,” and “the diligent party must be protected lest it be faced with interminable delay and
continued uncertainty as to its rights.” Swiss Inst. Of Bioinformatics v. Glob. Initiative on
Sharing All Influenza Data, 49 F. Supp. 3d 92, 96 (D.D.C. 2014) (citations and alterations
omitted).
3 III. ANALYSIS
Courts have limited discretion in reviewing an arbitration award. See United
Paperworkers Int’l Union, AFL-CIO v. Misco, Inc., 484 U.S. 29, 36–37 (1987). Indeed, a “court
must confirm an arbitration award where some colorable support for the award can be gleaned
from the record.” Int’l Trading & Indus. Inv. Co. v. DynCorp Aerospace Tech., 763 F. Supp. 2d
12, 20 (D.D.C. 2011) (quotation marks and citation omitted). And “in the absence of a legal
basis to vacate, [a] court has no discretion but to confirm the award.” Int’l Thunderbird Gaming
Corp. v. United Mexican States, 473 F. Supp. 2d 80, 83 (D.D.C. 2007) (citation omitted).
Heeding this directive, courts confirm arbitration awards via default judgment where the
petitioner’s request is consistent with the Federal Arbitration Act (the “FAA”), 9 U.S.C. § 1 et
seq. See e.g. Non-Dietary Exposure Task Force v. Tagros Chems. India, Ltd., 309 F.R.D. 66
(D.D.C. 2015) (confirming an arbitration award of $169,091.67 by default judgment); Adkins,
180 F. Supp. 2d 15 (confirming an arbitration award of $572,000.00 by default judgment).
Pursuant to the FAA, an arbitration award shall be confirmed if: (1) the parties’ agreement
provides that a court judgment shall be entered following an arbitration award; (2) the petition is
filed either in the court specified in the parties’ agreement or, if no court is specified, in the
district within which the arbitration award was made; (3) the petition is filed within one year of
the arbitration award; and (4) notice is served on the adverse party to establish the court’s
jurisdiction. 9 U.S.C. § 9.
In this case, all these statutory requirements are satisfied. First, the agreement between
the parties allows for judicial confirmation of an arbitration award. (See Subcontract ¶ 26 (“The
award rendered by the arbitrator(s) hereunder shall be conclusive and binding upon the parties
and shall be enforceable in any court of competent jurisdiction.”) (emphasis added).) Second,
4 because the agreement does not designate a specific court to confirm an arbitration award, (see
id.), this court is the proper court to petition as it is located in the district within which the
arbitration award was made. (See ECF No. 1-4 (“Final Award”) at 4 (noting that the Final
Award was made in Washington, D.C.).) Third, the petition to confirm the Final Award was
filed within one year of the time the award was made. (Compare Final Award with Mem. in
Supp. of Pet. (noting that the Final Award was made on July 26, 2017, and U.S. Engineering
filed its Petition with the court on September 28, 2017).) Fourth, proper notice was given to
Sheet Metal because U.S. Engineering served summonses upon both Sheet Metal’s former agent
for service and the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation. (See ECF No. 5;
ECF No. 6.)
Additionally, the amount claimed by U.S. Engineering is certain. U.S. Engineering
claims that it is owed $417,144.85, an amount identical to ICDR’s Final Award. (Compare
Mem. in Supp. of Pet. at 3 with Final Award at 3.) The Subcontract provides that the arbitrator
may award the prevailing party “reasonable attorney fees, costs, . . . and all expenses”
(Subcontract ¶ 26); therefore, the fact that the Final Award includes $83,267.85 of attorney’s
fees, costs, and expenses is of no issue because of the court’s limited discretion over the
arbitrator’s factual findings. See Misco, Inc., 484 U.S. at 36–37 (“The function of the court is
very limited when the parties have agreed to submit all questions of contract interpretation to the
arbitrator. . . . In these circumstances the moving party should not be deprived of the arbitrator’s
judgment, when it was his judgment and all that it connotes that was bargained for.”). On this
record, there is no need for the court to undertake an evidentiary hearing, request an accounting
from U.S. Engineering, nor take any additional steps to investigate the matter. U.S.
Engineering’s motion for default judgment will be granted.
5 IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the motion for default judgment is hereby GRANTED.
A corresponding order will issue separately.
Date: June 4, 2019 Tanya S. Chutkan TANYA S. CHUTKAN United States District Judge