Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion: KP-0504

CourtTexas Attorney General Reports
DecidedNovember 19, 2025
DocketKP-0504
StatusPublished

This text of Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion: KP-0504 (Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion: KP-0504) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Texas Attorney General Reports primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion: KP-0504, (Tex. 2025).

Opinion

November 19, 2025

The Honorable Gary Gates Chair, House Committee on Land and Resource Management Texas House of Representatives Post Office Box 2910 Austin, Texas 78768-2910

Opinion No. KP-0504

Re: Commissioners Court authority to select a firm to assist with redrawing precinct lines pursuant to Chapter 42, Texas Elections Code (RQ-0597-KP)

Dear Representative Gates:

You ask about the Fort Bend Commissioners Court’s authority to select and contract with a firm to assist it in redrawing the County’s election precinct boundaries. 1 You explain that a state representative alerted the County’s Commissioners Court in February that it “fail[ed] to fulfill [its] obligation to review and redistrict [election] precincts in accordance with the . . . Election[] Code,” resulting in “precincts falling outside the population limits set [by] state law.” Request Letter at 1– 2. In response, “the Commissioners Court took swift action by voting to redraw the precinct maps and allocating the necessary funds.” Id. at 1. A disagreement has arisen, however, between the Commissioners Court and the County Attorney regarding whether the former has “the authority to choose the firm that would assist with redrawing the precincts.” 2 Id. Specifically, we understand your reference to a “firm” to concern an outside law firm, and the disagreement stems from the County Attorney’s assertion that her office has exclusive authority to advise, or select the law firm to advise, the Commissioners Court with redistricting county election precincts. 3 See id. at 1–2.

On that background, you ask two questions. First, you ask whether “the Commissioners Court [has] the legal authority to select a firm to assist with redistricting county election

1 See Letter from Hon. Gary Gates, Chair, H. Comm. on Land & Res. Mgmt., to Hon. Ken Paxton, Tex. Att’y Gen. at 1–2 (Apr. 25, 2025), https://www.texasattorneygeneral.gov/sites/default/files/request-files/request/2025/ RQ0597KP.pdf (“Request Letter”). 2 See Brief from Hon. Bridgette Smith-Lawson, Fort Bend Cnty. Att’y, to Hon. Ken Paxton, Tex. Att’y Gen. at 1, 12, 14 (May 27, 2025) (“Fort Bend County Attorney Brief”) (on file with the Op. Comm.). 3 We presume the dispute exists because the law firm would be hired to provide legal services to the Commissioners Court regarding its redistricting duties. See Request Letter at 1. The Honorable Gary Gates - Page 2

precincts.” 4 Id. at 2. You then ask whether a county attorney may “unilaterally make the decision to contract a firm of their choice, without a formal order from the [c]ommissioners [c]ourt.” Id. Consistent with your request, we focus our analysis on Fort Bend County. See id. at 1–2.

Both commissioners courts and other elected county officials exercise power over county affairs.

Your questions highlight the interplay between one particular elected county official, the county attorney, and the commissioners court. See id. The commissioners court serves “as the county’s principal governing body,” Comm’rs Ct. of Titus Cnty. v. Agan, 940 S.W.2d 77, 79 (Tex. 1997), which consists of elected commissioners and an elected county judge, see TEX. CONST. art. V, §§ 15, 18(b). It “exercise[s] such powers and jurisdiction over all county business, as is conferred by [the Texas] Constitution and the laws of the State.” Id. § 18(b). This includes express powers as well as those implied “power[s] necessary to accomplish its assigned duty.” City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne, 111 S.W.3d 22, 28 (Tex. 2003). A commissioners court’s powers are varied, implicating “aspects of legislative, executive, administrative, and judicial functions.” Agan, 940 S.W.2d at 79. Ultimately, the performance of these responsibilities may not be “frustrate[d]” by other elected county officials. See Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. KP-0111 (2016) at 4.

But a commissioners court’s powers are not the only ones protected by state law. The “management and control of . . . [a] [c]ounty’s business affairs” is also shared among the other elected county officials. Pritchard & Abbott v. McKenna, 350 S.W.2d 333, 335 (Tex. 1961). Elected county officials—also “possess[ing] only such powers as are expressly conferred upon them by law or are necessarily implied from the powers so conferred,” Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. GA-0709 (2009) at 2—maintain a “sphere [of authority] . . . within which the [c]ommissioners [c]ourt may not interfere or usurp.” Pritchard & Abbott, 350 S.W.2d at 335. That “sphere . . . consists of the officer’s core duties under the Texas Constitution and statutes.” Harris Cnty. v. Coats, 607 S.W.3d 359, 377 (Tex. App.—Houston [14th Dist.] 2020, no pet.). Core duties are those that are “exclusively assigned by state law to a particular officer.” Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. KP-0492 (2025) at 2. Excluded from this sphere are “discretionary duties” that fall outside the core duties, Griffin v. Birkman, 266 S.W.3d 189, 197 (Tex. App.—Austin 2008, pet. denied), to which the commissioners court may delegate to an “appropriate county official,” Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. KP-0492 (2025) at 2 (quoting Agan, 940 S.W.2d at 80–81). This all generally reduces to the reality that both commissioners courts and other elected county officials are entrusted with powers over county affairs, and each must be able to exercise its respective powers without the other improperly interfering. Cf., e.g., Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. KP-0111 (2016) at 3–4.

4 A brief received in response to your request suggests that there is also a disagreement related to redistricting commissioners precincts. See Brief from Hon. W.A. Meyers, Fort Bend Cnty. Comm’r Precinct 3, to Op. Comm. at 1 (rec’d Oct. 2, 2025) (on file with the Op. Comm.). We nonetheless limit this opinion to election precincts, as that is the focus of your request. See Request Letter at 1–2; see also Tex. Att’y Gen. Op. No. GA-0762 (2010) at 4 n.5 (“[O]ur opinions are limited to the specific questions asked by an authorized requestor.”). The Honorable Gary Gates - Page 3

The commissioners court may employ an outside law firm of its own choice to assist in fulfilling its redistricting duties under Chapter 42 of the Election Code without interfering with or usurping the county attorney’s statutory duties.

Some of a commissioners court’s powers over county affairs are found in Chapter 42 of the Election Code. As you correctly point out, this chapter tasks commissioners courts with establishing, reviewing, and redistricting county election precincts. See Request Letter at 1–2. See generally TEX. ELEC. CODE §§ 42.001–.037. The chapter imposes various requirements for election precincts, including population requirements. See TEX. ELEC. CODE § 42.006. Commissioners courts are charged with regularly reviewing these precincts for compliance with, among others, the population requirements in section 42.006 so that it can “order the boundary changes necessary for compliance.” Id. § 42.031(a); see also id. § 42.031(b) (explaining when a boundary change may be ordered). It is these “obligations” that you tell us the Commissioners Court initially failed to “fulfill” but now seeks law firm assistance to carry out. See Request Letter at 1–2.

The notion that a commissioners court may hire a law firm to assist it in carrying out its responsibilities has been recognized for over a century. See Guynes v. Galveston Cnty., 861 S.W.2d 861, 863 (Tex. 1993); see also, e.g., City Nat. Bank v. Presidio Cnty., 26 S.W.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

State v. Shumake
199 S.W.3d 279 (Texas Supreme Court, 2006)
EX REL TEAL v. State
230 S.W.3d 427 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2007)
Concerned Citizens for Equality v. McDonald
863 F. Supp. 393 (E.D. Texas, 1994)
Holmes v. Eckels
731 S.W.2d 101 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1987)
Hays County v. Hays County Water Planning Partnership
106 S.W.3d 349 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2003)
Griffin v. Birkman
266 S.W.3d 189 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2008)
Pritchard & Abbott v. McKenna
350 S.W.2d 333 (Texas Supreme Court, 1961)
Driscoll v. Harris County Commissioners Court
688 S.W.2d 569 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1984)
Guynes v. Galveston County
861 S.W.2d 861 (Texas Supreme Court, 1993)
City of San Antonio v. City of Boerne
111 S.W.3d 22 (Texas Supreme Court, 2003)
A. B. C. Rendering, Inc. v. State
342 S.W.2d 345 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1961)
Commissioners Court of Titus County v. Agan
940 S.W.2d 77 (Texas Supreme Court, 1997)
Cascos v. Cameron County Attorney
319 S.W.3d 205 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 2010)
Hill Farm, Inc. v. Hill County
436 S.W.2d 320 (Texas Supreme Court, 1969)
Tarrant County v. Ashmore
635 S.W.2d 417 (Texas Supreme Court, 1982)
Camacho v. Samaniego
954 S.W.2d 811 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1997)
Hill Farm, Inc. v. Hill County
425 S.W.2d 414 (Court of Appeals of Texas, 1968)
in Re State Board for Educator Certification
452 S.W.3d 802 (Texas Supreme Court, 2014)
Adams v. Seagler
250 S.W. 413 (Texas Supreme Court, 1923)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
Untitled Texas Attorney General Opinion: KP-0504, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/untitled-texas-attorney-general-opinion-kp-0504-texag-2025.