United States v. White

Procedural entryThis page is a short order in United States v. White. Read the opinion of the Court — 58 F. App'x 610
Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided October 29, 2001·No. 98-6609·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$ ; 3ODLQWLII$SSHOODQW      1RV &URVV$SSHOOHH   !  Y   s2+1 '$9,' :+,7(  'HIHQGDQW$SSHOOHH    &$52/<1 ) 7$

  8QLWHG6WDWHVY:KLWHHWDO 1RV

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('  5RQDOG 0 6SULW]HU 81,7(' 67$7(6 '(3$570(17 2) s867,&( :DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU $SSHOODQW  sHQQLIHU 2 7UXH 1LFKRODVYLOOH .HQWXFN\ 6WHZDUW % (OOLRWW 2ZHQVERUR .HQWXFN\ IRU $SSHOOHHV 21 %5,()  5RQDOG 0 6SULW]HU 81,7(' 67$7(6 '(3$570(172)s867,&(:DVKLQJWRQ'&5DQG\: 5HDP $66,67$17 81,7(' 67$7(6 $77251(< /RXLVYLOOH.HQWXFN\IRU$SSHOODQW'DYLG5XVVHOO0DUVKDOO 1LFKRODVYLOOH .HQWXFN\ 6WHZDUW % (OOLRWW 2ZHQVERUR .HQWXFN\IRU$SSHOOHHV BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 0$57+$ &5$,* '$8*+75(< &LUFXLW sXGJH 'HIHQGDQWVsRKQ:KLWHDQG&DURO\Q7D\ORUHPSOR\HHVRIWKH 2KLR&RXQW\ .HQWXFN\ :DWHU'LVWULFWZHUHFRQYLFWHGRI PDNLQJPDWHULDOO\IDOVHVWDWHPHQWVUHJDUGLQJDPDWWHUZLWKLQ WKHMXULVGLFWLRQRIWKHIHGHUDOJRYHUQPHQWLQYLRODWLRQRI 86& †    E\ VXEPLWWLQJ UHSRUWV FRQWDLQLQJ IDOVLILHGWXUELGLW\PHDVXUHPHQWVWRWKH.HQWXFN\'LYLVLRQRI :DWHU  7KH GLVWULFW FRXUW VHQWHQFHG :KLWH WR WZR \HDUVj SUREDWLRQ DQG D  ILQH DQG VHQWHQFHG 7D\ORU WR WZR \HDUVj SUREDWLRQ DQG D  ILQH  7KH JRYHUQPHQW QRZ DSSHDOV WKH FRXUWjV LQWHUSUHWDWLRQ RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 6HQWHQFLQJ*XLGHOLQHVLQGHWHUPLQLQJ:KLWHjVDQG7D\ORUjV VHQWHQFHV  7D\ORU FURVVDSSHDOV FKDOOHQJLQJ ERWK KHU VHQWHQFH DQG YDULRXV DVSHFWV RI KHU SURVHFXWLRQ  )RU WKH UHDVRQV VHW RXW EHORZ ZH ILQG QR UHYHUVLEOH HUURU LQ FRQQHFWLRQZLWK7D\ORUjVFRQYLFWLRQDQGVHQWHQFHDQGWKXV DIILUP WKDW SRUWLRQ RI WKH GLVWULFW FRXUWjV MXGJPHQW  :H IXUWKHUKROGKRZHYHUWKDWWKHFDVHPXVWEHUHPDQGHGIRUUH VHQWHQFLQJDVWR:KLWH  8QLWHG6WDWHVY:KLWHHWDO 1RV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY:KLWHHWDO 

PHWLQWKLVFDVHEHFDXVH7D\ORUjVWUDLQLQJDQGH[SHULHQFHLQ 352&('85$/$1')$&78$/%$&.*5281' ZDWHUWUHDWPHQWSODQWRSHUDWLRQPDGHLWVLJQLILFDQWO\HDVLHUIRU KHU WR IDOVLI\ WXUELGLW\ UHDGLQJV DQG WR FRQFHDO WKH sRKQ :KLWH ZDV WKH JHQHUDO VXSHULQWHQGHQW DW WKH 2KLR IDOVLILFDWLRQV IURP WKH UHJXODWRUV  7KH &ODVV $ ZDWHU &RXQW\ :DWHU 'LVWULFWjV GULQNLQJ ZDWHU WUHDWPHQW SODQW DW WUHDWPHQW SODQW RSHUDWRUjV OLFHQVH WKDW 7D\ORU KHOG LV WKH &URPZHOO.HQWXFN\&DURO\Q7D\ORUZDVD:DWHU'LVWULFW KLJKHVWFDWHJRU\RSHUDWRUjVOLFHQVHWKDWWKHVWDWHFRQIHUV,W HPSOR\HHDVVLVWLQJ:KLWHLQPDQDJLQJSODQWRSHUDWLRQV%RWK UHTXLUHVDQQXDOWUDLQLQJHGXFDWLRQDOFRXUVHVDQGFRPSOHWLRQ ZHUHOLFHQVHGE\WKHVWDWHRI.HQWXFN\DV&ODVV $:DWHU RIDQH[DPLQDWLRQ:KLOHWKHDFWXDOHQWU\RIWKHQXPEHUV 7UHDWPHQW 3ODQW 2SHUDWRUV ZKLFK UHTXLUHG PXOWLSOH UHTXLUHV QR SDUWLFXODU VNLOO 7D\ORU KDG WR  PDNH FHUWDLQ H[DPLQDWLRQVDQGFRQWLQXLQJHGXFDWLRQ$VSDUWRIWKHLUMRE FDOFXODWLRQV WKDW WRRN LQWR DFFRXQW SULRU WXUELGLW\ UDWHV UHVSRQVLELOLWLHV :KLWH DQG 7D\ORU SUHSDUHG PRQWKO\ WHPSHUDWXUHFKHPLFDOIHHGUDWHVHWFLQRUGHUWRUHFRQVWUXFW RSHUDWLRQV UHSRUWV UHTXLUHG E\ IHGHUDO DQG VWDWH ODZ WR EH WXUELGLW\PHDVXUHPHQWVWKDWZRXOGKDYHDWOHDVWDVXSHUILFLDO VXEPLWWHG WR WKH .HQWXFN\ 'HSDUWPHQW IRU (QYLURQPHQWDO SODXVLELOLW\DQGWKHUHE\FRQFHDOWKHIDOVLILFDWLRQV+HQFHWKH 3URWHFWLRQjV 'LYLVLRQ RI :DWHU  7KH 'LYLVLRQ RI :DWHU GHIHQGDQWjVDUJXPHQWWKDWWZRRWKHURSHUDWRUVDOVRUHFRUGHG FRPSLOHVWKLVGDWDIURPDOOWKHVWDWHjVZDWHUGLVWULFWVDVSDUWRI WXUELGLW\PHDVXUHPHQWVLVQRWSHUVXDVLYHJLYHQWKHIDFWWKDW LWVHQIRUFHPHQWUHVSRQVLELOLWLHVSXUVXDQWWRWKHIHGHUDO6DIH VKH KDV QRW VKRZQ WKDW WKH\ ZRXOG KDYH EHHQ FDSDEOH RI 'ULQNLQJ:DWHU$FW86&††IM  7KH FRPPLWWLQJDQGFRQFHDOLQJWKHRIIHQVHLQWKHPDQQHUWKDWVKH IHGHUDO (QYLURQPHQWDO 3URWHFWLRQ $JHQF\ (3$  IXQGV WKH GLG 'LYLVLRQjV GDWD FROOHFWLRQ DFWLYLWLHV DQG WKH 'LYLVLRQ VRPHWLPHVZRUNVZLWK(3$HPSOR\HHVZKHQLQYHVWLJDWLQJ &21&/86,21 YLRODWLRQVRIWKH$FW )RUWKHUHDVRQVVHWRXWDERYHZH$)),50WKHMXGJPHQWRI  'XULQJDVXUSULVHLQVSHFWLRQRIWKHSODQWLQsDQXDU\ WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW DV WR &DURO\Q 7D\ORU EXW 9$&$7( WKH DQ DJHQW IURP WKH 'LYLVLRQ QRWHG WKDW GDLO\ ORJ ERRNV VHQWHQFLQJ RUGHU DV WR sRKQ :KLWH DQG 5(0$1' IRU UHFRUGLQJWKHPHDVXUHRIWXUELGLW\ WKHDPRXQWRIVXVSHQGHG UHVHQWHQFLQJLQFRQIRUPLW\ZLWKWKLVRSLQLRQ SDUWLFXODWHPDWWHULQSRVWWUHDWPHQWZDWHU KDGEHHQOHIWEODQN IRU HDFK RI  IRXU IRXUKRXU VKLIWV EHWZHHQ  SP sDQXDU\DQGDPsDQXDU\ 7KHSODQWHPSOR\HH UHVSRQVLEOH IRU UHFRUGLQJ WKHVH PHDVXUHPHQWV WROG WKH 'LYLVLRQDJHQWWKDWVKHKDGSXUSRVHIXOO\OHIWWKHORJVKHHWV EODQNEHFDXVHWKHWXUELGLW\PHDVXUHPHQWVZHUHDOODERYH QHSKHORPHWULFWXUELGLW\XQLWV 178V ZKLFKPLJKWSXWWKH

 8QGHU IHGHUDO ODZ ZDWHU GLVWULFWV XVLQJ ILOWUDWLRQ V\VWHPV WR WUHDW VXUIDFH ZDWHU DUH UHTXLUHG WR PHDVXUH mJUDE VDPSOHVl RI WKH WXUELGLW\ RI WUHDWHG GULQNLQJ ZDWHU HYHU\ IRXU KRXUV XQOHVV WKH VWDWH DSSURYHV XVH RI DOWHUQDWLYH FRQWLQXRXV WXUELGLW\ PRQLWRULQJ PHFKDQLVPV $00  &)5 †  F    :RUNHUV DW WKH 2KLR &RXQW\ SODQW ZHUH DVNHG WR WDNH VHYHUDO mJUDE VDPSOHl PHDVXUHPHQWV GXULQJ HDFK IRXUKRXU SHULRG ELOOLQJ  DQG HQWHU WKH ORZHVW RI WKHVH PHDVXUHPHQWV LQ WKHLU GDLO\ ORJV  8QLWHG6WDWHVY:KLWHHWDO 1RV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY:KLWHHWDO 

SODQWDWULVNRIQRQFRPSOLDQFHZLWKWKH$FW,Q)HEUXDU\ EUHDFKHGZKHQWKH\FRPPLWDFULPH6HHHJ%URZQ)G  KRZHYHU :KLWH VXEPLWWHG D PRQWKO\ UHSRUW WR WKH DW/DPE)GDW,WIROORZVWKDWWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW 'LYLVLRQ ZKLFK FRQWDLQHG HQWULHV EHORZ WKH  178 HUUHG LQ UHDFKLQJ DQ RSSRVLWH FRQFOXVLRQ RQ UHPDQG WKH WKUHVKROGIRUHDFKRIWKHIRXUKRXUVKLIWVLQTXHVWLRQ7KH FRXUWVKRXOGERWKFRUUHFWWKLVHUURUDQGFRQVLGHUWKHSURSULHW\ 'LYLVLRQWKHQVHL]HGWKH&URPZHOOSODQWjVGDLO\ORJERRNDQG RIDOVRHQKDQFLQJ:KLWHjVVHQWHQFHSXUVXDQWWR†% GDWDVKHHWVUHFRUGHGE\WKHSODQWjVWXUELGLPHWHUVFRQWDLQLQJ WXUELGLW\PHDVXUHPHQWVIRU'HFHPEHUDQGsDQXDU\ &m6SHFLDO6NLOOl(QKDQFHPHQW 5HYLHZRIWKLVHYLGHQFHDQGVXEVHTXHQWLQWHUYLHZVZLWKSODQW VWDII LQFOXGLQJ :KLWH DQG 7D\ORU E\ 'LYLVLRQ DQG (3$ )LQDOO\&DURO\Q7D\ORUFRQWHVWVWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWjVGHFLVLRQ DJHQWVUHYHDOHGVHYHUDOLQVWDQFHVRIVLPLODUIDOVLILFDWLRQVRI WRHQKDQFHKHUVHQWHQFHSXUVXDQWWR†%EHFDXVHVKHXVHG WXUELGLW\ PHDVXUHPHQWV DQG VXEPLVVLRQV RI LQDFFXUDWH DVSHFLDOVNLOOmLQDPDQQHUWKDWVLJQLILFDQWO\IDFLOLWDWHGWKH PRQWKO\ UHSRUWV ZKLFK VXJJHVWHG WKDW WKH ZDWHU SODQW KDG FRPPLVVLRQ RU FRQFHDOPHQWRI>

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. White, (6th Cir. 2001).

United States v. White (United States v. White) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.