United States v. Ukaegbu

523 F. App'x 793
Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit·Decided May 2, 2013·No. 12-2702-cr·Unpublished·Cited by 1 cases

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Defendant-appellant Ndukwe Ukaegbu appeals from the judgment of the district court, entered May 29, 2012, revoking his term of probation upon his plea of guilty to committing new criminal conduct and sentencing him to 12 months’ imprisonment for the violation of probation, to run consecutive to 42 months’ imprisonment for criminal fraud and identity theft in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1029(a)(5), 1029(c)(l)(A)(ii), and 1028A. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and procedural history of this case, as well as with the issues on appeal.

Ukaegbu’s relevant criminal history began in 2007, when he was sentenced to three years’ probation for providing false information in order to obtain a driver’s license under an assumed name. While on probation, Ukaegbu was found to be acquiring and using credit cards under new false identities. Ukaegbu pleaded guilty to credit card fraud and identity theft, as well as to violating his probation, and was sentenced to 42 months’ imprisonment for the underlying criminal charges plus a consecutive 12 months’ imprisonment for his probation violation (“revocation sentence”). The revocation sentence was above the Guidelines range of four to ten months.

Ukaegbu appeals his revocation sentence 1 on procedural and substantive grounds, arguing that the district court (1) failed to state in open court and in writing its reason for imposing an above-Guidelines sentence, as required by 18 U.S.C. § 3553(c)(2); and (2) imposed a sentence that, combined with the 42-month sentence in the underlying criminal case, was greater than necessary to achieve the ends of sentencing.

I. Procedural Challenge

Ukaegbu argues that the district court did not sufficiently state its reasons, either in open court or on the record, for sentencing above the Guidelines range of 4 to 10 months’ imprisonment. Because Ukaegbu did not object at sentencing to the district court’s alleged failure to explain its reasoning, we review his procedural challenge for plain error. United States v. Villafuerte, 502 F.3d 204, 208 (2d Cir.2007). To establish plain error, the defendant must establish (1) error (2) that is plain and (3) affects substantial rights, and (4) that “seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” Johnson v. United States, 520 U.S. 461, 466-67, 117 S.Ct. 1544, 137 L.Ed.2d 718 (1997) (internal quotation marks omitted).

*795 When imposing an above-Guidelines sentence, § 3553(c) requires a sentencing court to state “in open court the reasons for its imposition of the particular sentence,” and to state “the specific reason” for diverging from the Guidelines range both in open court and in a written statement. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(c); see also United States v. Cassesse, 685 F.3d 186, 193 (2d Cir.2012) (noting that an above-Guidelines sentence triggers “a higher descriptive obligation on the part of the District Court”). “This requirement serves the important goals of (1) informing the defendant of the reasons for his sentence, (2) permitting meaningful appellate review, (3) enabling the public to learn why the defendant received a particular sentence, and (4) guiding probation officers and prison officials in developing a program to meet the defendant’s needs.” Villafuerte, 502 F.3d at 210. We do not prescribe any “specific verbal formulations,” and presume that the requisite consideration has occurred “[a]s long as the judge is aware of both the statutory requirements and the sentencing range or ranges that are arguably applicable, and nothing in the record indicates misunderstanding about such materials or misperception about their relevance.” United States v. Fleming, 397 F.3d 95, 100 (2d Cir.2005).

While the district court could have been more explicit about the connection between its assessment of the case and its decision to impose an above-Guidelines sentence, the court adequately considered and discussed the 3553(a) factors, and made sufficiently clear its reasons for imposing the sentence it chose, in open court. It described the seriousness of the crime and the need to protect the public, noting that “this kind of criminal behavior” is “a menace” and visits “financial ruin” on its victims. The court also highlighted the similarity between Ukaegbu’s most recent criminal activity and the activity for which he had been convicted and placed on probation in 2007, noting that “[t]his is a crime that keeps being repeated.” Given the district court’s discussion of Ukaegbu’s recidivism, the need for deterrence, and the seriousness of the crime, we conclude that the district court satisfied the statutory requirement to provide “the specific reason for the imposition of a sentence different” from that recommended by the applicable policy statements. 18 U.S.C. § 3553(c)(2).

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Ukaegbu, 523 F. App'x 793 (2d Cir. 2013).

523 F. App'x 793 (United States v. Ukaegbu) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

United States v. Kyzer
Second Circuit, 2021