United States v. Soto

706 F. App'x 689
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedMarch 25, 2009
DocketNos. 08-0654-cr, 08-0706-cr (Con)
StatusPublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 706 F. App'x 689 (United States v. Soto) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Soto, 706 F. App'x 689 (2d Cir. 2009).

Opinion

SUMMARY ORDER

Isaac Almanzar and Benjamin Figueroa, the defendants here, challenge the district court’s decision to calculate their applicable Guidelines, ranges to be significantly higher than the ranges estimated in their plea agreements, and to sentence them within those ranges. Both agreed to plead guilty to a one-count indictment charging them and five others with conspiring to distribute and possessing with the intent to distribute “crack” (cocaine base) over a twenty-two-month period, in violation of 21 U.S.C. §§ 846 & 841(b)(1)(A). Figueroa pleaded guilty on November 17, 2006, to the lesser-included offense of violating 21 [691]*691U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(B) by conspiring to distribute and possessing with the intent to distribute 5 grams or more of crack, and Almanzar pleaded guilty on December 8, 2006, to violating 21 U.S.C. § 841(b)(1)(A) by conspiring to distribute and possessing with the intent to distribute 50 grams or more of crack. The charges stemmed from the defendants’ membership in the “Bushwick Tribe” of the Latin Kings gang and that “tribe’s” ongoing narcotics sales.

At Almanzar’s sentencing on February 1, 2008, the district court calculated his applicable Guidelines range to be 292 to 365 ponths and then sentenced him to 300 months of incarceration. At Figueroa’s sentencing on February 20, 2008, the district court calculated his applicable Guidelines range to be 121 to 151 months and then sentenced him to 150 months’ incarceration. We assume the parties’ familiarity with the facts and procedural history of this case, and the issues presented on this appeal.

Almanzar

First, Almanzar insists that the government breached its plea agreement by arguing before the district court that it could find that Almanzar was a career offender. However, the government was freed from its obligations under the plea agreement because new information relevant to sentencing, Almanzar’s 1992 robbery, became known to the government after the execution of that agreement. As this court noted in United States v. Habbas, 527 F.3d 266 (2d Cir.2008), the terms of a plea agreement such as Almanzar’s, which base the government’s obligations under -the plea agreement on “information known to the government,” serve “the important purpose of clarifying the government’s freedom to advocate for a higher guideline range when its change of position is based on its subsequent acquisition of aggravating information.” Id. at 272 n. 1 (emphasis in original).

Almanzar also contends that the district court failed to give due consideration to the terms of the plea agreement in fashioning its sentence. However, the parties cannot stipulate away the district court’s responsibility to calculate independently the applicable Guidelines range and to “form its own view of the nature and circumstances of the offense and the history and characteristics of defendant,” as mandated and guided by 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1). Almanzar cannot claim unfair surprise; he acknowledges that the district court was not bound by his plea agreement with the government. This fact was made clear to Almanzar by the government in the plea agreement, and by the district court at the plea itself. At his December 8, 2006, plea, Almanzar stated that he “underst[ood]” that the plea “is not going to bind [the court].” Almanzar Plea Tr. at 30. , Under these circumstances, Almanzar’s arguments are meritless. See also United States v. Monas, 178 Fed.Appx. 68, 69 (2d Cir.2006); United States v. Griffiths, 1997 WL 580797, at *2, 1997 U.S.App. LEXIS 26089, at *4 (2d Cir. 1997).

Almanzar also challenges the procedural reasonableness of his sentence. First, he claims that the district court erred in calculating his criminal history pursuant to United States v. Driskell, 277 F.3d 150, 151 (2d Cir.2002), and on that basis concluding that Almanzar was a career offender under the Guidelines. See U.S.S.G. § 4B1.1(a)(2007). He argues that the district court would have been justified under Driskell had it not taken into account the youthful offender adjudication when calculating his criminal history category calculation. It does not follow, however, that the court erred in failing to conclude otherwise. We are satisfied that [692]*692before counting Almanzar’s youthful offender adjudication as a felony for purposes of the criminal history calculations, the court adequately, and on the record, “examine[d] the nature of th[e] prior proceeding, the sentence received and actually served and where the defendant was incarcerated,” as required by Driskell, 277 F.3d at 151.

Almanzar further argues that the district court “committed procedural error by calculating a Guidelines range predicated on a conspiracy involving two kilograms of crack cocaine.” Almanzar Br. 39. We review factual determinations by a district court underlying a sentence for clear error. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 128 S.Ct. 586, 597, 169 L.Ed.2d 445 (2007). Here, the drug amounts found by the district court were based upon a detailed investigation as set forth in the PSR. Although the stipulated drug weight was far more favorable to Almanzar than the calculated weight, the district court did not err in finding Almanzar responsible for kilos, rather than grams, of crack.

Almanzar asserts that the district court erred in failing to go beyond recent amendments to the Guidelines that reduced the disparity between the severity with which the advisory Guidelines treat a particular amount of crack compared with the same amount of cocaine powder—the “crack/powder ratio.” The Supreme Court has recently concluded that in fashioning an appropriate sentence, a judge is entitled to depart from the crack/powder ratio set forth in the Guidelines, see Kimbrough v. United States, 552 U.S. 85, 128 S.Ct. 558, 564, 575, 169 L.Ed.2d 481 (2007). But there is no rule that a district court must so depart. Here, it is clear that the district court was “aware ... of its discretion to deviate from the crack cocaine ranges in light of the objectives of sentencing,” United States v. Regalado, 518 F.3d 143, 150 (2d Cir.2008) but declined to exercise that discretion. That is permissible.

Many of Almanzar’s procedural arguments are driven by his more substantive claim that the district court erred by treating him differently, and far more harshly, than his co-defendants when calculating his applicable Guidelines range. Upon full review of the record, however, we are satisfied that the district court did not err in concluding that any potential disparities between Almanzar and his co-defendants in terms of the Guidelines calculations and ultimate sentences imposed were not unwarranted, in light of the different roles that the different defendants played in the conspiracy.

Figueroa

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Bluebook (online)
706 F. App'x 689, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-soto-ca2-2009.