United States v. Solis

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided September 26, 2000·No. 99-1616·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$ ; 3ODLQWLII$SSHOOHH    1RV Y   !  0$18(/ +(51$1'(=   26&$5 62/,6     'HIHQGDQWV$SSHOODQWV   1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQDW'HWURLW 1Rn$YHUQ&RKQ'LVWULFWsXGJH $UJXHG0D\ 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG6HSWHPEHU %HIRUH(1*(/s21(6DQG&2/(&LUFXLWsXGJHV BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('  /DUU\ :DUQHU /$: 2)),&( 2) /$55< :$51(5%URZQVYLOOH7H[DV56WHYHQ:KDOHQ'HWURLW 0LFKLJDQ IRU $SSHOODQWV  sHQQLIHU s 3HUHJRUG 81,7(' 67$7(6 $77251(< 'HWURLW 0LFKLJDQ IRU $SSHOOHH 21 %5,()  /DUU\ :DUQHU /$: 2)),&( 2) /$55<

  8QLWHG6WDWHVY 1RV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY  +HUQDQGH]HWDO +HUQDQGH]HWDO

:$51(5%URZQVYLOOH7H[DV56WHYHQ:KDOHQ'HWURLW )HLQPDQ)G WK&LU 8QLWHG6WDWHVY 0LFKLJDQ IRU $SSHOODQWV  sHQQLIHU s 3HUHJRUG 81,7(' &DVWUR)G WK&LU  67$7(6$77251(<'HWURLW0LFKLJDQIRU$SSHOOHH $)),50(' BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB (1*(/&LUFXLWsXGJH'HIHQGDQWV0DQXHO+HUQDQGH]DQG 2VFDU 6ROLV DSSHDO WKHLU FRQYLFWLRQV DQG VHQWHQFHV IRU FRQVSLULQJWRSRVVHVVZLWKLQWHQWWRGLVWULEXWHPDULMXDQD)RU WKH UHDVRQV VHW IRUWK EHORZ ZH $)),50 WKH MXGJPHQWV DJDLQVWERWK+HUQDQGH]DQG6ROLV 352&('85$/$1')$&78$/%$&.*5281' 0DQXHO+HUQDQGH]DQG2VFDU6ROLVZLWK2VFDUjVEURWKHU 5H\6ROLVsHVXVmsHVVHl5H\QDsDFTO\QQ*DUUHWWDQG5RVD *DUFLD ZHUH LQGLFWHG LQ 'HFHPEHU  RQ RQH FRXQW RI FRQVSLUDF\WRSRVVHVVZLWKLQWHQWWRGLVWULEXWHPDULMXDQDLQ YLRODWLRQRI86&†† D  DQG  7KH WULDO IRU DOO WKH FRGHIHQGDQWV H[FHSW *DUFLD ZKRVH ZKHUHDERXWV ZDV XQNQRZQ WRRN SODFH LQ 2FWREHU DQG 1RYHPEHU $WWULDOWKHSULQFLSDOJRYHUQPHQWZLWQHVVZDV6DPP\sRH :DOGHQ DQ XQLQGLFWHG FRFRQVSLUDWRU  :DOGHQ DQ DXWR PHFKDQLF IURP WKH 'DOODV DUHD WHVWLILHG WKDW KH PHW +HUQDQGH] LQ  LQ VRXWK 7H[DV  +HUQDQGH] UHFUXLWHG :DOGHQ WR GHOLYHU PDULMXDQD WR 6DJLQDZ 0LFKLJDQ SURPLVLQJ SD\PHQW RI  IRU HDFK VXFFHVVIXOO\ GHOLYHUHG

 6HFWLRQ  PDNHV LW XQODZIXO IRU DQ\ SHUVRQ WR NQRZLQJO\ RU LQWHQWLRQDOO\ mPDQXIDFWXUH GLVWULEXWH RU GLVSHQVH RU SRVVHVV ZLWK LQWHQW WR PDQXIDFWXUH GLVWULEXWH RU GLVSHQVH D FRQWUROOHG VXEVWDQFHl VXFK DV PDULMXDQD  86& †  D    $Q\ SHUVRQ ZKR FRQVSLUHV WR FRPPLW SRVVHVVLRQ RI PDULMXDQD ZLWK LQWHQW WR GLVWULEXWH VKDOO EH VXEMHFW WR WKH VDPH SHQDOWLHV DV WKRVH SHUVRQV FRQYLFWHG IRU SRVVHVVLRQ DORQH $00  86& †   8QLWHG6WDWHVY 1RV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY  +HUQDQGH]HWDO +HUQDQGH]HWDO

:HUHYLHZDVHQWHQFLQJFRXUW VIDFWXDOILQGLQJVUHJDUGLQJ SRXQG$IWHU:DOGHQDJUHHGWRPDNHVXFKDGHOLYHU\5RVD DGHIHQGDQW VUROHLQDFRQVSLUDF\IRUFOHDUHUURU6HH2ZXVX *DUFLDYLVLWHGKLVDSDUWPHQWLQ:HVODFR7H[DVLQWKH5LR  )G DW   :KHWKHU WKHVH IDFWV ZDUUDQW D VHQWHQFH *UDQGH YDOOH\ EULQJLQJ WR KLP  RQHSRXQG EULFNV RI HQKDQFHPHQW SXUVXDQW WR † % D  LV D OHJDO FRQFOXVLRQ PDULMXDQDDQGJDYHKLPDWHOHSKRQHQXPEHUWRFDOOZKHQKH VXEMHFW WR GH QRYR UHYLHZ  6HH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y UHDFKHG6DJLQDZ *RUW'L'RQDWR  )G   WK &LU    7KH UHYLHZLQJ FRXUW VKRXOG FRQVLGHU WKH IROORZLQJ IDFWRUV LQ :DOGHQIXUWKHUWHVWLILHGWKDWDIWHUGULYLQJIURP:HVODFRWR PDNLQJLWVGHWHUPLQDWLRQ 6DJLQDZKHFDOOHGWKHSKRQHQXPEHU*DUFLDKDGJLYHQKLP ZKHUHXSRQ D 0H[LFDQ PDQ DQVZHUHG WKH SKRQH VDLG m1R WKHH[HUFLVHRIGHFLVLRQPDNLQJDXWKRULW\WKHQDWXUHRI FRPSUHQGH (QJOLVKl DQG KXQJ XS  :DOGHQ WKHQ FDOOHG SDUWLFLSDWLRQ LQ WKH FRPPLVVLRQ RI WKH RIIHQVH WKH +HUQDQGH]jVEHHSHUKRSLQJWRJHW *DUFLDjVSKRQHQXPEHU UHFUXLWPHQWRIDFFRPSOLFHVWKHFODLPHGULJKWWRDODUJHU IURP +HUQDQGH] DQG WKHQ FDOO *DUFLD WR VWUDLJKWHQ RXW WKH VKDUH RI WKH IUXLWV RI WKH FULPH WKH GHJUHH RI FRQIXVLRQ+HUQDQGH]UHWXUQHGKLVFDOODQGWROGKLPWRUHFDOO SDUWLFLSDWLRQLQSODQQLQJRURUJDQL]LQJWKHRIIHQVHWKH WKH6DJLQDZSKRQHQXPEHUWKHQH[WPRUQLQJ$IWHU:DOGHQ QDWXUHDQGVFRSHRIWKHLOOHJDODFWLYLW\DQGWKHGHJUHHRI GLGVRKHPHWmsRKQlKLVFRQWDFWIRUWKHWULSDWD.0DUW FRQWURODQGDXWKRULW\H[HUFLVHGRYHURWKHUV VWRUHDQGWKHQIROORZHGmsRKQlWRDQHDUE\KRXVHZKHUHKH XQORDGHGWKHPDULMXDQDIURPKLVYDQmsRKQlFDOOHGVRPHRQH 866*†%FRPPHQWDU\DSSOLFQRWH QDPHGm2VFDUlWRYHULI\WKHDPRXQWRIPDULMXDQDUHFHLYHGLQ 6DJLQDZ DQG WKHQ WROG :DOGHQ KH FRXOG OHDYH  :DOGHQ +HUH WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW DGRSWHG WKH IDFWXDO ILQGLQJV LQ UHWXUQHGWR7H[DVZKHUHKHFDOOHG0DQXHO+HUQDQGH]WROHW 6ROLVjVSUHVHQWHQFHUHSRUWZKLFKUHFRPPHQGHGHQKDQFHPHQW +HUQDQGH]NQRZRIKLVUHWXUQ SXUVXDQWWR†%VWDWLQJWKDWm6ROLVGLUHFWHGFRGHIHQGDQWV WR PDNH SD\PHQWV WRRN SURILWV IURP WKH GUXJ WUDQVDFWLRQV :DOGHQGHVFULEHGVL[RWKHUWULSVWKDWKHPDGHIURPWKH5LR IURP6DJLQDZ0LFKLJDQEDFNWR7H[DVSDLGFRGHIHQGDQWjV *UDQGH YDOOH\ WR 6DJLQDZ WR GHOLYHU YDULRXV TXDQWLWLHV RI XWLOLWLHV DQG ZDV LQYROYHG LQ SODQQLQJ DQG RUJDQL]LQJ WKH PDULMXDQD'XULQJWKLVWHVWLPRQ\WKHJRYHUQPHQWLQWURGXFHG FRQVSLUDF\l  7KH JRYHUQPHQW H[SDQGV XSRQ WKLV OLVW RQ LQWRHYLGHQFHUHJLVWUDWLRQUHFRUGVIURPPRWHOVHLWKHULQWKH DSSHDOQRWLQJHYLGHQFHSUHVHQWHGDWWULDOWKDW6ROLVDSSURYHG 6DJLQDZDUHDRULQVRPHFDVHVLQWKH&KLFDJRDUHDZKHUH :DOGHQDVDFRXULHUPHWKLPLQ6DJLQDZDQGDVNHGKLPWR :DOGHQ VWD\HG ZKLOH SXUSRUWHGO\ PDNLQJ GUXJ GHOLYHULHV GHOLYHUFDVKEDFNWR7H[DVDQGFDOOHG5H\QDDQG*DUUHWWDQG :DOGHQjVWHVWLPRQ\DQGWKHPRWHOUHFRUGVGHVFULEHGDWLPH YLVLWHG 6DJLQDZ DW WLPHV FRQWHPSRUDQHRXV ZLWK :DOGHQjV OLQHIRUWKHYLVLWVDQGTXDQWLWLHVGHOLYHUHGDVIROORZV YLVLWVWKHUH*LYHQWKLVHYLGHQFHZHEHOLHYHWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW GLG QRW HUU LQ DSSO\LQJ WKH OHDGHUVKLS HQKDQFHPHQW  7KH FRQVSLUDF\LQFOXGHGDWOHDVWILYHSDUWLFLSDQWV2VFDUDQG5H\ 9LVLW2QH 1RYHPEHU SRXQGV 6ROLV +HUQDQGH] 5H\QD *DUUHWW DQG :DOGHQDQG WKH  HYLGHQFHVXSSRUWVWKHFRXUWjVFRQFOXVLRQWKDW2VFDU6ROLVZDV 9LVLW7ZR 1RYHPEHU SRXQGV OHDGLQJRURUJDQL]LQJDOORIWKHP6ROLVjVFRQGXFWZDVLQOLQH  ZLWK WKDW RI RWKHU GUXJ FRQVSLUDF\ GHIHQGDQWV ZKRVH VHQWHQFHV KDYH EHHQ HQKDQFHG E\ WKLV FRXUW SXUVXDQW WR 9LVLW7KUHH 1RYHPEHU SRXQGV †% D 6HH2ZXVX)GDW8QLWHG6WDWHVY   8QLWHG6WDWHVY 1RV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY  +HUQDQGH]HWDO +HUQDQGH]HWDO

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Solis, (6th Cir. 2000).

United States v. Solis (United States v. Solis) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.