United States v. Simmons

20 M.J. 567, 1985 CMR LEXIS 4269
CourtU.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review
DecidedJanuary 30, 1985
DocketNMCM 84 3690
StatusPublished
Cited by2 cases

This text of 20 M.J. 567 (United States v. Simmons) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Simmons, 20 M.J. 567, 1985 CMR LEXIS 4269 (usnmcmilrev 1985).

Opinions

MAY, Judge:

We have examined the record of trial, the record of the subsequent evidentiary hearing, the assignments of error and the government’s reply thereto and have concluded that the findings and sentence are correct in law and fact and that no error materially prejudicial to the substantial rights of the accused was committed. Appellant’s first assignment of error, however, requires discussion:

THE MILITARY JUDGE ERRED BY FINDING THAT APPELLANT DID NOT SUFFER ANY LEGAL PREJUDICE AS A RESULT OF THE EXCESSIVE POST-TRIAL DELAY IN THIS CASE WHICH AMOUNTED TO 535 DAYS AT THE TIME THE SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY ORDERED AN EV-IDENTIARY HEARING, WAS 712 DAYS ON THE DATE OF THE EVI-DENTIARY HEARING, AND WAS 766 DAYS ON THE DATE OF THE SUPERVISORY AUTHORITY’S ACTION.

[568]*568We first find that the offense in this case was not minor in nature. Appellant, a third class petty officer, was convicted of the transfer of 13 grams of marijuana to a fellow petty officer stationed aboard his ship. Dismissal of such a charge solely because of delay in the appellate processing of a case is a remedy disproportionate to the defect. United States v. Clevidence, 14 M.J. 17, 19 (C.M.A.1982).

We have also examined the record of the evidentiary hearing ordered by the supervisory authority to determine the cause of the delay in the forwarding of the' trial record by the convening authority. Appellant’s ship, a guided missile cruiser, was, at the time the record of trial was placed into the postal system for transmittal to the supervisory authority, deployed in the Western Pacific on picket station some 100 miles ahead of its main task group. Mail deliveries and disptaches were at intervals of two-three weeks. The designated legal officer responsible for the mailing and monitoring of the trial record processing was the ship’s Anti-Submarine Warfare Officer. The duty of ship’s legal officer was, as is usual for shipboard officers, a collateral duty assignment. This collateral duty legal officer did not maintain an administrative tracking system to monitor the receipt of the trial record at the supervisory authority’s headquarters located in San Diego, several thousand miles away.

None of these circumstances, more indicative of unintentional negligence and lack of training in collateral duties, represents acceptable justification for the delay in the eventual receipt of the trial record by the supervisory authority. They are significant, however, in the determination of the character of the delay. As the military court of review for the Naval Services, we bring to our evaluation of this situation an appreciation and awareness of the operational demands placed upon deployed combatant vessels and the logistic difficulties resident in such operational environments. While we find no justification for the failure to monitor the transmittal of the trial record from the USS JOUETT to COMNAVSURFPAC, we find, after examination of the circumstances, no purposeful actions or oppressive design by the government to delay the appellate processing of this case.

We are less sanguine regarding the lesser, but far more inexplicable, period of delay in the review of this case below. Oh 21 December 1983, the supervisory authority, COMNAVSURFPAC, forwarded the duplicate original record of trial to Naval Station, San Diego, via the convening authority, USS JOUETT, directing the aforementioned evidentiary hearing. The endorsing letter (with the trial record) was not forwarded from the JOUETT until 18 April 1984, some 118 days later. We find no explanation in the record of the evidentiary hearing to explain this delay in processing by the JOUETT, then returned from deployment, beyond an assertion in the forwarding letter that the “original letter [from COMNAVSURFPAC] was not received by this command.” We find this period of 118 days between the ordering of an evidentiary hearing to determine the cause of an earlier delay of 535 days to be a totally unacceptable response to the dictates of the Code and the demands of the Naval Services’ military justice system. This latter period of 43 days between the date of the forwarding endorsement by the JOUETT and the actual hearing would be sufficient, in and of itself, to support drastic remedial action by this Court upon evidence of prejudice.

We, however, find no evidence of the prejudice asserted by appellant in his brief before this Court. We have examined the record of the evidentiary hearing where appellant had the opportunity to present such evidence in an appropriate forum and have extracted the following testimony of appellant from that hearing:

Direct Examination By Defense Counsel

Q. And when did you begin appellate leave?
A. August 30th.
Q. Petty Officer, where did you go, once you began appellate leave?
[569]*569A. I came directly back to San Diego.
Q. Can you describe to the court, what the conditions, if any, there are, on your appellate leave status? What are you required to do?
A. I’m required to check in at the nearest installation every three months, just so they know that I’m around. And that’s all they want.
Q. Now, Petty Officer, when you began appellate leave, how would you describe your financial situation?
A. I did have a fair amount of money in the bank, but you know, it wasn’t anything. You know, enough to live on, anyway, until I got a job. It was pretty poor, actually.
Q. Did you attempt to inquire as to the possibility of obtaining unemployment benefits.
A. Yes, I did. That was the first phone call I made when I got back.
Q. And what happened?
A. I was told that I needed a DD-214 to draw any kind of benefits.
Q. Did you receive anything from the Navy; the JOUETT, SURFPAC, anybody, concerning this case?
A. Nothing. In fact, I — approximately a year ago — I can’t tell you the exact date — I called my lawyer at, you know, at my court-martial, and asked him if he had heard anything. And he said he’d get back to me in about a week. He never did, so I called him back. And he said that all he knew, that it was probably in Washington somewhere, and we just had to wait and see.
Q. Do you specifically recall him saying Washington?
A. That’s what he said, yes.
Q. What other attempts did you make to find out what the status of your case was?
A. That’s all I did.
Q. One final question, Petty Officer. How would you describe the effect that this delay of almost two years has had upon you, emotionally, psychologically?
A. It’s very unsettling. I mean, right now I’m nervous. I don’t — no—this isn’t me. It — it’s not a good feeling, just, you know, waiting, not knowing what’s going to be happening to you. I didn’t know if I was gonna be in. I didn’t know if I was, you know, gonna be out with a bad conduct discharge. You know. It’s very unsettling.
DC: I have no further questions.

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

Related

United States v. Dunbar
28 M.J. 972 (U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review, 1989)
United States v. Miramontes
22 M.J. 882 (U S Coast Guard Court of Military Review, 1986)

Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
20 M.J. 567, 1985 CMR LEXIS 4269, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-simmons-usnmcmilrev-1985.