United States v. Schmit

13 M.J. 934
CourtU S Air Force Court of Military Review
DecidedMay 14, 1982
DocketACM S25297 (f rev)
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 13 M.J. 934 (United States v. Schmit) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U S Air Force Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Schmit, 13 M.J. 934 (usafctmilrev 1982).

Opinion

DECISION UPON FURTHER REVIEW

MILLER, Judge:

Pursuant to his pleas, the accused was convicted by special court-martial, military judge alone, of absence without leave, twice willfully damaging military property, unlawful entry, and both use and possession of marijuana on divers occasions, in violation of Articles 86, 108, and 134, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 10 U.S.C. §§ 886, 908, and 934. His sentence consists of a bad conduct discharge, confinement at [935]*935hard labor for five months, and forfeiture of $334.00 per month for five months.

Following initial consideration of this case, we returned the record of trial to The Judge Advocate General of the Air Force for a proper authentication by the military judge, and, those new actions and the review required as a consequence thereof.1 We also noted in that decision that unless the convening authority in his new action either suspended or eliminated the bad conduct discharge originally ordered into execution, an additional issue would remain for subsequent resolution. The additional issue was whether the convening authority’s designation in his action of the 3320th Correction and Rehabilitation Squadron, Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado (3320th CRS) as the accused’s place of confinement constituted an irrevocable grant of clemency on his part.

As returned to us, the new actions of the convening and supervisory authorities, although affirming the sentence as before, both deleted any reference whatsoever to a designated place of confinement (the portion of the accused’s sentence relating to confinement had already expired). No suspension or elimination of the bad conduct discharge was included in either. Consequently, the issue noted in our original opinion is now ripe for consideration.

After reviewing the facts of the instant case and referencing Air Force Regulations, we examine both the nature of the 3320th CRS and the regulatory effect of convening authority actions designating it as a “place of confinement.” Finally, we analyze both the congressional intent behind Article 64, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 864, and judicial decisions addressing the scope of convening authority sentence amelioration powers under that Article. We conclude that, here, the convening authority’s designation of the 3320th CRS as an accused’s place of confinement in his court-martial action was a proper exercise of Article 64, UCMJ, sentence amelioration powers. Accordingly, since the accused was improperly denied the benefit of his convening authority’s decision granting him another opportunity to prove his worth to the Air Force so that, if successful, he might continue on active duty until his honorable discharge, we set aside the bad conduct discharge.

I

Following the accused’s trial and prior to the initial action of the convening authority, the accused requested a formal clemency interview.

Based upon the accused’s presentation at this interview, (it included a personal expression of the accused’s concerns and a voluntary request for entry into the “return to duty rehabilitation” (RTDR) program conducted by the 3320th CRS), the post-trial clemency evaluation officer found that the accused possessed “outstanding” potential for rehabilitation and recommended his transfer to the 3320th CRS, for immediate entry into the RTDR program. Additionally, the post-trial clemency evaluation officer’s report not only contained a recommendation from the accused’s commander that the accused’s discharge be suspended, but recommendations from the presiding military judge at the accused’s trial and the accused’s first sergeant, flight chief, immediate supervisor, trainer, and confinement NCOIC that the accused be immediately entered into the 3320th CRS. A mental health evaluation diagnosing the accused as victimized by a personality disorder basically untreatable within the Air Force was the report’s sole document militating against clemency.

Although not referenced in the clemency evaluation officer’s report, it is clear from a second report, authored by the accused’s pre-trial confinement hearing officer, that the convening authority was also aware that following the accused’s arrest he had cooperated with Government efforts to prosecute individuals in related cases. The clemency evaluation officer’s report did indicate that the accused was transferred for his own safety from the confinement facility at Travis Air Force Base, California to [936]*936the confinement facility at Mather Air Force Base, California on 6 April 1981.

On 29 May 1981, the special court-martial convening authority, having personally considered all of this clemency information, approved the sentence as adjudged. Significantly, as a part of this action, he also designated the 3320th CRS as the accused’s place of confinement.

On 31 July 1981, the supervisory authority approved the sentence. In doing so, however, pursuant to advice provided him by his staff judge advocate, he changed the designated place of confinement from the 3320th CRS to the base detention facility, Travis Air Force Base, California, citing paragraph 97d, MCM, as authority for this action.2

The advice of the staff judge advocate upon which the supervisory authority based his action, while thoroughly referencing the recommendations contained in the clemency evaluation officer’s report, did not acknowledge the fact that under Air Force Manual 111-1, Military Justice Guide, 2 July 1973, the convening authority’s designation of the 3320th CRS as the accused’s place of confinement reflected a positive decision on his part that the accused should be afforded the additional chance to prove his worth to service and country, offered by entry into the 3320th’s RTDR program. Nor, did the advice suggest that, had the accused not cooperated with the government in other pending prosecutions (thereby necessitating a delay in the immediate execution of the transfer to the 3320th required by AFM 111-1), the supervisory authority would have been powerless to effect a change in the place of confinement because by the time he took his action, that place would have been a fait accompli.3

II

Our examination of the nature of the 3320th CRS and the regulatory effect of convening authority actions that designate it as a place of confinement is based upon our scrutiny of Air Force Regulation 125-18, Operation of Air Force Correction and Detention Facilities, 1 February 1980, and AFM 111-1.

The purpose of the Air Force’s RTDR program at Lowry Air Force Base, Colorado, is to provide certain airmen sentenced to punitive discharges an additional chance to prove their worth to their service and their country, by affording them the opportunity to be returned to productive active duty assignments. AFR 125-18, para. 8-1. Established by AFR 125-18,4 this program is limited to airmen, who the convening authority determines are both eligible5 and good candidates (possess exceptional restoration potential) for return to duty. AFR 125-18, para. 5-8.

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Bluebook (online)
13 M.J. 934, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-schmit-usafctmilrev-1982.