United States v. Salazar

317 F. Supp. 3d 935
CourtDistrict Court, W.D. Texas
DecidedJuly 31, 2018
Docket3:18-CR-00761-KC
StatusPublished

This text of 317 F. Supp. 3d 935 (United States v. Salazar) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, W.D. Texas primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Salazar, 317 F. Supp. 3d 935 (W.D. Tex. 2018).

Opinion

KATHLEEN CARDONE, UNITED STATES DISTRICT JUDGE

On this day, the Court considered Defendant's Motion for Discovery Sanctions, ECF No. 51. For the reasons set forth below, the Motion is GRANTED in part and DENIED in part.

I. BACKGROUND

On March 3, 2018, Defendant entered the United States from the Republic of Mexico at the Bridge of the Americas Port of Entry in a gray 1983 Ford F-150 truck. Compl 2, ECF No. 1.1 Defendant was found to be pushing the vehicle through the vehicle lane to the border checkpoint. Id. At secondary inspection, a canine alerted to the gas tank area of the vehicle. Id. Upon testing, the solution in the gas tank tested positive for methamphetamine. Id. Further inspection revealed 3.33 kilograms of liquid methamphetamine solution in the tank. Id.

On March 28, 2018, Defendant was charged in a four-count Indictment with *937Conspiracy to Import, Importation, Conspiracy to Possess with Intent to Distribute, and Possession with Intent to Distribute 500 grams or more of Methamphetamine. Indictment ECF No. 11. In spite of the fact that there was a significant amount of methamphetamine found in the vehicle and this is an offense that carries a significant penalty, by the government's own admission, on March 23, 2018, it destroyed the vehicle. This was five days prior to Indictment, and after, in the government's own words, a highly contentious detention hearing on March 8, 2018. Gov't Resp. 3, Ex. B, ECF No. 78; Jul. 30, 2018, Hr'g.

On May 31, 2018, the government disclosed to Defendant a DHS "Person Subject Record" that contains an undated remark that Defendant "has multiple crossings occupying a vehicle that was discovered to have a hidden compartment in the backseat." Mot. 3; Jul. 30 Hr'g. Then, on June 8, 2018, the government disclosed to Defendant an undated memo from CBP Officer Eric Gonzalez stating that he had inspected Defendant's vehicle on February 24, 2018, days before the Defendant's subsequent crossing and arrest, as he entered the United States at the Paso del Norte Port of Entry in the same vehicle. Mot. 3; Jul. 30 Hr'g. Officer Gonzalez stated that he noticed the truck had dual gas tanks and had "visible tampering" on bolts on both tanks. Mot. 3; Jul. 30 Hr'g.

II. DISCUSSION

In the Motion, Defendant seeks to:

exclude all photographs any photographs depicting the appearance of the vehicle and the gas tank; exclude any evidence of and inferences drawn from the bolts to the gas tank allegedly having visible tampering; exclude any evidence of and inferences drawn from the vehicle allegedly having dual gas tanks; exclude any evidence of and inferences drawn from the vehicle allegedly having a hidden compartment behind the back seat; admit evidence of spoliation; and include a jury instruction directing an inference that all evidence destroyed or mishandled in the case would produce evidence favorable to Mr. Nunez.

Mot. 3.

The United States Supreme Court has held that the government violates a defendant's right to due process when: (1) it destroys evidence whose exculpatory significance is "apparent before" destruction; and (2) the defendant remains unable to "obtain comparable evidence by other reasonably available means." California v. Trombetta , 467 U.S. 479, 489, 104 S.Ct. 2528, 81 L.Ed.2d 413 (1984). Further, if the exculpatory value of the evidence is undetermined, but may be "potentially useful" to the defense, then a defendant must show that the government acted with bad faith in destroying the evidence. Arizona v. Youngblood , 488 U.S. 51, 58, 109 S.Ct. 333, 102 L.Ed.2d 281 (1988). The destruction of potentially useful evidence does not violate due process "unless a criminal defendant can show bad faith on the part of the police." Illinois v. Fisher , 540 U.S. 544, 547-48, 124 S.Ct. 1200, 157 L.Ed.2d 1060 (2004) (per curiam). Moreover, the government commits bad faith in this context when it intentionally impedes the defense. United States v. McNealy , 625 F.3d 858, 870 (5th Cir. 2010). And, in the specific context of the destruction of Jencks material prior to indictment, the Fifth Circuit has found "a high likelihood of prejudice" to a defendant because the defendant could have used the evidence to impeach the government's most important witnesses. United States v. Ramirez , 174 F.3d 584, 589 (5th Cir. 1999).

*938A. Destruction of Evidence in Bad Faith

In the instant case, the government has flirted extremely close, indeed perhaps too close, with the line into bad faith such that Youngblood would mandate suppression of the destroyed evidence. As explained in more detail below, there are myriad ways that an inspection of the destroyed vehicle could have yielded evidence: evidence useful to showing Defendant's lack of knowledge of the presence of the drugs, and evidence useful to impeaching Defendant's important law enforcement witnesses. See Youngblood , 488 U.S. at 58, 109 S.Ct. 333 ; Ramirez , 174 F.3d at 589. With regard to bad faith, the government argued at the July 30 Hearing that it could not have acted in bad faith because it destroyed the vehicle pursuant to statutory and regulatory legal authority. The government argued that 19 U.S.C.

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Related

United States v. Ramirez
174 F.3d 584 (Fifth Circuit, 1999)
Brady v. Maryland
373 U.S. 83 (Supreme Court, 1963)
United States v. Agurs
427 U.S. 97 (Supreme Court, 1976)
California v. Trombetta
467 U.S. 479 (Supreme Court, 1984)
Arizona v. Youngblood
488 U.S. 51 (Supreme Court, 1989)
Illinois v. Fisher
540 U.S. 544 (Supreme Court, 2004)
United States v. McNealy
625 F.3d 858 (Fifth Circuit, 2010)
United States v. Garrett
238 F.3d 293 (Fifth Circuit, 2000)

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Bluebook (online)
317 F. Supp. 3d 935, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-salazar-txwd-2018.