Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 1 of 9
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-13165 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:16-cr-00443-WKW-TFM-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ROBERT GLENN SMITHSON, II,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama ________________________
(April 6, 2018)
Before WILSON, NEWSOM, and FAY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 2 of 9
Robert Glenn Smithson, II pleaded guilty to possessing a stolen firearm, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(j). On appeal, he challenges the district court’s
imposition of a sentencing enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) for
possessing a firearm in connection with another felony offense. He also argues
that his sentence is substantively unreasonable. We affirm.
I
On October 30, 2015, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and
Explosives was notified of a convicted felon attempting to sell a firearm to Lock-
N-Load, a federal firearms licensee in Enterprise, Alabama. ATF Agent Neill
Thompson investigated the incident and determined that Smithson had attempted
to pawn a Smith & Wesson .357 caliber revolver, telling an employee of the store
that he was a convicted felon and had inherited the gun after his father died. The
employee did not pawn the weapon. That same day, Smithson also unsuccessfully
attempted to pawn the gun at a Super Pawn store.
A couple of weeks later, on November 12, 2015, the managing owner of
Pawn Express, Incorporated contacted Agent Thompson and told her that Smithson
was in the store attempting to sell a firearm (not, as it turns out, the Smith &
Wesson .357—a different one). Agent Thompson arrived at the store while
Smithson was still there and observed him holding a canvas bag with a
semiautomatic pistol protruding from it. Agent Thompson approached Smithson
2 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 3 of 9
and took possession of the weapon. Smithson eventually admitted that he was a
convicted felon and was not allowed to have firearms. He initially said that his
father had died and left him the gun, but it was later revealed that Smithson’s
father was not dead and that Smithson had stolen the gun from his father.
Agent Thompson and Smithson then went to Smithson’s parents’ home.
While there, Smithson gave Agent Thompson a pawn ticket from the Super Pawn
Center. Agent Thompson went to the Super Pawn Center and presented the ticket
to the assistant manager, who provided Agent Thompson with a copy of the ticket
and a firearm that had been pawned by David Earl Wilkinson. The firearm was the
same Smith & Wesson .357 revolver that Smithson had tried to pawn at the Lock-
N-Load on October 30. Smithson told Agent Thompson that he provided
Wilkinson with the firearm to pawn because he was unable to do so himself.
After Smithson pleaded guilty, a presentence investigation report was
prepared. The PSI calculated a base offense level of 14 under U.S.S.G. §
2K2.1(a)(6). Smithson received a two-level increase because the offense involved
a stolen firearm. See U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(4). He also received a four-level
increase for possessing a firearm in connection with another felony offense. See
U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B). Specifically, the PSI stated that Smithson had
“attempted to pawn, or instructed a third party to pawn, the stolen firearm(s) while
providing materially false information to the buyer.” Smithson received a three-
3 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 4 of 9
level decrease because he accepted responsibility for the crime and timely notified
the government of his intention to plead guilty. See U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1(a) & (b).
His resulting total offense level was 17. His criminal history category was
determined to be V. This resulted in a sentencing range of 46 to 57 months.
At sentencing, Smithson objected to the four-level increase under U.S.S.G. §
2K2.1(b)(6)(B) for possessing a firearm in connection with another felony. The
district court overruled his objection, concluding that Smithson had possessed the
firearm in connection with a violation of Alabama Code § 13A-11-58.1(c), which
makes it a felony to provide a seller of firearms with materially false information
with the intent to deceive the seller about the legality of the transaction. The court
imposed a sentence of 46 months imprisonment and stated that the sentence was
reasonable under 18 U.S.C. § 3553 and no greater than necessary to comply with
the statutory purposes of sentencing. This is Smithson’s appeal of that sentence.
II
Smithson first argues that the district court erred by imposing the four-level
enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) because the government did not
prove that his possession of a firearm occurred in connection with providing false
information to a licensed firearms dealer. We review the district court’s findings
of fact for clear error and its application of the sentencing guidelines to those facts
de novo. See United States v. Kinard, 472 F.3d 1294, 1297 n.3 (11th Cir. 2006). A
4 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 5 of 9
district court’s finding that a defendant possessed a firearm in connection with
another felony is reviewed for clear error. See United States v. Whitfield, 50 F.3d
947, 949 & n.8 (11th Cir. 1995).
A four-level enhancement is appropriate under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) if
the defendant “used or possessed any firearm or ammunition in connection with
another felony offense.” The guidelines define “another felony offense” as “any
federal, state, or local offense, other than the explosive or firearms possession or
trafficking offense, punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year,
regardless of whether a criminal charge was brought, or a conviction obtained.”
U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B), comment. (n.14(C)). Here, the enhancement was
based on a violation of Alabama Code § 13A-11-58.1(c), which provides:
A person who provides to a licensed dealer or private seller of firearms or ammunition what the person knows to be materially false information with intent to deceive the dealer or seller about the legality of the transfer of a firearm or ammunition is guilty of a Class C felony. “Materially false information” is defined as “[i]nformation that portrays an illegal
transaction as legal or a legal transaction as illegal.” Id. § 13A-11-58.1(a)(3).
In overruling Smithson’s objection to the enhancement, the district court
found that a person who walks into a pawn shop to pawn something is
“representing that [he] own[s] it and ha[s] a right to pawn it.” The court also found
that Smithson had admitted that he “provided Wilkinson with the firearm to pawn”
5 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 6 of 9
because he was “unable to do so” himself. The court further found that Smithson
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Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 1 of 9
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-13165 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:16-cr-00443-WKW-TFM-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ROBERT GLENN SMITHSON, II,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama ________________________
(April 6, 2018)
Before WILSON, NEWSOM, and FAY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 2 of 9
Robert Glenn Smithson, II pleaded guilty to possessing a stolen firearm, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(j). On appeal, he challenges the district court’s
imposition of a sentencing enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) for
possessing a firearm in connection with another felony offense. He also argues
that his sentence is substantively unreasonable. We affirm.
I
On October 30, 2015, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, and
Explosives was notified of a convicted felon attempting to sell a firearm to Lock-
N-Load, a federal firearms licensee in Enterprise, Alabama. ATF Agent Neill
Thompson investigated the incident and determined that Smithson had attempted
to pawn a Smith & Wesson .357 caliber revolver, telling an employee of the store
that he was a convicted felon and had inherited the gun after his father died. The
employee did not pawn the weapon. That same day, Smithson also unsuccessfully
attempted to pawn the gun at a Super Pawn store.
A couple of weeks later, on November 12, 2015, the managing owner of
Pawn Express, Incorporated contacted Agent Thompson and told her that Smithson
was in the store attempting to sell a firearm (not, as it turns out, the Smith &
Wesson .357—a different one). Agent Thompson arrived at the store while
Smithson was still there and observed him holding a canvas bag with a
semiautomatic pistol protruding from it. Agent Thompson approached Smithson
2 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 3 of 9
and took possession of the weapon. Smithson eventually admitted that he was a
convicted felon and was not allowed to have firearms. He initially said that his
father had died and left him the gun, but it was later revealed that Smithson’s
father was not dead and that Smithson had stolen the gun from his father.
Agent Thompson and Smithson then went to Smithson’s parents’ home.
While there, Smithson gave Agent Thompson a pawn ticket from the Super Pawn
Center. Agent Thompson went to the Super Pawn Center and presented the ticket
to the assistant manager, who provided Agent Thompson with a copy of the ticket
and a firearm that had been pawned by David Earl Wilkinson. The firearm was the
same Smith & Wesson .357 revolver that Smithson had tried to pawn at the Lock-
N-Load on October 30. Smithson told Agent Thompson that he provided
Wilkinson with the firearm to pawn because he was unable to do so himself.
After Smithson pleaded guilty, a presentence investigation report was
prepared. The PSI calculated a base offense level of 14 under U.S.S.G. §
2K2.1(a)(6). Smithson received a two-level increase because the offense involved
a stolen firearm. See U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(4). He also received a four-level
increase for possessing a firearm in connection with another felony offense. See
U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B). Specifically, the PSI stated that Smithson had
“attempted to pawn, or instructed a third party to pawn, the stolen firearm(s) while
providing materially false information to the buyer.” Smithson received a three-
3 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 4 of 9
level decrease because he accepted responsibility for the crime and timely notified
the government of his intention to plead guilty. See U.S.S.G. § 3E1.1(a) & (b).
His resulting total offense level was 17. His criminal history category was
determined to be V. This resulted in a sentencing range of 46 to 57 months.
At sentencing, Smithson objected to the four-level increase under U.S.S.G. §
2K2.1(b)(6)(B) for possessing a firearm in connection with another felony. The
district court overruled his objection, concluding that Smithson had possessed the
firearm in connection with a violation of Alabama Code § 13A-11-58.1(c), which
makes it a felony to provide a seller of firearms with materially false information
with the intent to deceive the seller about the legality of the transaction. The court
imposed a sentence of 46 months imprisonment and stated that the sentence was
reasonable under 18 U.S.C. § 3553 and no greater than necessary to comply with
the statutory purposes of sentencing. This is Smithson’s appeal of that sentence.
II
Smithson first argues that the district court erred by imposing the four-level
enhancement under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) because the government did not
prove that his possession of a firearm occurred in connection with providing false
information to a licensed firearms dealer. We review the district court’s findings
of fact for clear error and its application of the sentencing guidelines to those facts
de novo. See United States v. Kinard, 472 F.3d 1294, 1297 n.3 (11th Cir. 2006). A
4 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 5 of 9
district court’s finding that a defendant possessed a firearm in connection with
another felony is reviewed for clear error. See United States v. Whitfield, 50 F.3d
947, 949 & n.8 (11th Cir. 1995).
A four-level enhancement is appropriate under U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B) if
the defendant “used or possessed any firearm or ammunition in connection with
another felony offense.” The guidelines define “another felony offense” as “any
federal, state, or local offense, other than the explosive or firearms possession or
trafficking offense, punishable by imprisonment for a term exceeding one year,
regardless of whether a criminal charge was brought, or a conviction obtained.”
U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(b)(6)(B), comment. (n.14(C)). Here, the enhancement was
based on a violation of Alabama Code § 13A-11-58.1(c), which provides:
A person who provides to a licensed dealer or private seller of firearms or ammunition what the person knows to be materially false information with intent to deceive the dealer or seller about the legality of the transfer of a firearm or ammunition is guilty of a Class C felony. “Materially false information” is defined as “[i]nformation that portrays an illegal
transaction as legal or a legal transaction as illegal.” Id. § 13A-11-58.1(a)(3).
In overruling Smithson’s objection to the enhancement, the district court
found that a person who walks into a pawn shop to pawn something is
“representing that [he] own[s] it and ha[s] a right to pawn it.” The court also found
that Smithson had admitted that he “provided Wilkinson with the firearm to pawn”
5 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 6 of 9
because he was “unable to do so” himself. The court further found that Smithson
“knew he was unable to” pawn the gun and that he “had the intent to pawn [it] to
get money so that he could buy drugs.” Based on those facts, the court concluded
that “there is sufficient information of a materially false statement that portrays an
illegal transaction as legal.” The court found that at the very least, Smithson
“participated in [the felony] by handing the weapon to David Earl Wilkinson to
induce him to pawn the weapon ….”
On appeal, Smithson argues that the district court clearly erred in finding
that he possessed the gun in connection with another felony because there is no
evidence of what statements Wilkinson made at the Super Pawn Center. We reject
that argument. It is undisputed that Smithson gave the Smith & Wesson .357 to
Wilkinson to pawn because he could not pawn it himself. It is also undisputed that
Wilkinson did, in fact, pawn the gun at the Super Pawn Center. In light of those
undisputed facts, the district court reasonably inferred that Wilkinson, at the behest
of Smithson, provided materially false information by representing that he was the
rightful owner of the stolen gun in order to pawn it. 1
Smithson also argues that “there is no evidence in the record concerning the
reputability of the ‘Super Pawn Center,’ and whether this establishment even 1 It does not matter that it was Wilkinson, rather than Smithson, who provided the false information. Under the guidelines, the base offense level and specific offense characteristics are to be determined based on “all acts and omissions committed, aided, abetted, counseled, commanded, induced, procured, or willfully caused by the defendant.” U.S.S.G. § 1B1.3(a)(1)(A). 6 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 7 of 9
qualified as ‘a licensed dealer or private seller of firearms or ammunition,’ as
required by Ala. Code § 13A-11-58.1.” Br. of Appellant at 20. We reject that
assertion, as well. A “licensed dealer” is defined as “[a] person who is licensed
pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 923 or Section 13A-11-79, to engage in the business of
dealing in firearms.” Given that the Super Pawn Center traded in firearms and that
Agent Thompson visited the store and spoke with its employees about a weapon
that was pawned, it was reasonable for the district court to infer that the Super
Pawn Center is a licensed dealer. We therefore conclude that the district court did
not clearly err in finding that Smithson possessed a firearm in connection with
another felony offense.
III
Smithson also asserts that his 46-month sentence is substantively
unreasonable because it is greater than necessary to achieve the sentencing
purposes of 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). We review the substantive reasonableness of a
sentence for abuse of discretion. Gall v. United States, 552 U.S. 38, 51 (2007). A
district court abuses its discretion when it fails to consider relevant factors that
were due significant weight, gives significant weight to an improper or irrelevant
factor, or commits a clear error of judgment in considering the proper factors.
United States v. Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1189 (11th Cir. 2008).
7 Case: 17-13165 Date Filed: 04/06/2018 Page: 8 of 9
Smithson argues that the district court “relied almost exclusively on [his]
history of drug addiction, without affording any meaningful consideration of the
remaining § 3553(a) factors.” Br. of Appellant at 24. We disagree. In imposing
the sentence, the district court explained that it had considered the Section 3553(a)
factors, including “the nature and circumstances of [the] offense, [Smithson’s]
criminal history and characteristics, the need to reflect the seriousness of the
offense, to promote respect for the law, and to provide just punishment for the
offense.” The court specifically acknowledged Smithson’s previous attempts at
drug rehabilitation, and noted that he had already received nine suspended
sentences related to past drug possession convictions. The court also “considered
the need to afford deterrence to criminal conduct and to protect the public from
further crimes by [Smithson], especially … driving while intoxicated or under the
influence of illegal drugs.” The court noted that Smithson had a history of “driving
vehicles while [he was] stoned” and found that he is “a danger to [himself] and to
others.” The court further considered the need to provide Smithson with
correctional treatment and to avoid unwarranted sentencing disparities.
In light of that record, Smithson has not shown that the district court failed
to consider relevant factors, gave significant weight to an improper factor, or made
a clear error of judgment in weighing the factors. Moreover, we “ordinarily expect
a sentence within the Guidelines range to be reasonable,” see United States v.
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Hunt, 526 F.3d 739, 746 (11th Cir. 2008) (alterations omitted), and Smithson’s 46-
month sentence was at the low end of his guidelines range of 46 to 57 months. The
sentence also was well below the statutory maximum penalty of 10 years, see 18
U.S.C. § 924(a)(2), which is another indicator of its reasonableness. See United
States v. Dougherty, 754 F.3d 1353, 1362 (11th Cir. 2014). We therefore hold that
Smithson’s sentence was substantively reasonable.
IV
For the reasons explained above, we AFFIRM Smithson’s sentence.