United States v. Revels

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit
• Decided: March 20, 2025
• Docket: 23-1239
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

NOT FOR PUBLICATION FILED UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS MAR 20 2025 MOLLY C. DWYER, CLERK U.S. COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE NINTH CIRCUIT

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, No. 23-1239 D.C. No. Plaintiff - Appellee, 3:21-cr-00403-VC-1 v. MEMORANDUM* TYLER REVELS,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Northern District of California Vince Chhabria, District Judge, Presiding

Submitted February 12, 2025** San Francisco, California

Before: VANDYKE and JOHNSTONE, Circuit Judges, and CHRISTENSEN, District Judge.***

Defendant-Appellant Tyler Revels appeals his conviction for being a felon

in possession of a firearm, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). We have

* This disposition is not appropriate for publication and is not precedent except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3. ** The panel unanimously concludes this case is suitable for decision without oral argument. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a)(2). *** The Honorable Dana L. Christensen, United States District Judge for the District of Montana, sitting by designation. jurisdiction pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1291, and we affirm the judgment of the

district court.

Where, as here, “a defendant fails to object to a [Fed. R. Crim. P. 11]

violation, [this Court] review[s] for plain error.” United States v. Ferguson, 8 F.4th

1143, 1145 (9th Cir. 2021). Plain error is “an ‘error’ that is ‘plain’ and that ‘affects

substantial rights.’” United States v. Pena, 314 F.3d 1152, 1155 (9th Cir. 2003)

(quoting United States v. Minore, 292 F.3d 1109, 1117 (9th Cir. 2002)). This Court

will not vacate a defendant’s guilty plea unless the defendant demonstrates that

there is a “‘reasonable probability that, but for the error, [the defendant] would not

have entered the plea.’” Ferguson, 8 F.4th at 1146 (quoting United States v.

Dominguez Benitez, 542 U.S. 74, 83 (2004)). “A defendant must thus satisfy the

judgment of the reviewing court, informed by the entire record, that the probability

of a different result is ‘sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome’ of the

proceeding.” Dominguez Benitez, 542 U.S. at 83 (quoting Strickland v.

Washington, 466 U.S. 668, 694 (1984)).

Revels argues that the district court failed to confirm that Revels’s guilty

plea was knowing and voluntary by not asking follow up questions after learning

that Revels was taking medication at the time of his plea. However, Revels does

not assert—let alone demonstrate—that, but for the district court’s alleged error,

Revels would not have entered the plea. Accordingly, we conclude that the district

2 23-1239 court did not plainly err in accepting Revels’s guilty plea.

AFFIRMED.

3 23-1239