United States v. Ramirez

Procedural entryThis page is a short order in United States v. Ramirez. Read the opinion of the Court — 50 F. App'x 257
Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided February 16, 2001·No. 98-6130·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$ ; 3ODLQWLII$SSHOOHH    1R Y  !  s26( 5$0,5(= 65  'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW  1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH0LGGOH'LVWULFWRI7HQQHVVHHDW1DVKYLOOH 1Rn5REHUW/(FKROV&KLHI'LVWULFWsXGJH $UJXHG2FWREHU 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG)HEUXDU\ %HIRUH0(55,77DQG6,/(5&LUFXLWsXGJHV6$5*86 'LVWULFWsXGJH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('  *HUDOG / *XOOH\ sU %$.(5 *8//(< 5(3$66 2/'+$0.QR[YLOOH7HQQHVVHHIRU$SSHOODQW sRQDWKDQ/0DUFXV81,7('67$7(6'(3$570(172)

7KH +RQRUDEOH (GPXQG 3 6DUJXV sU 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH 6RXWKHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 2KLR VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

  8QLWHG6WDWHVY5DPLUH] 1R

s867,&($33(//$7(6(&7,21&5,0,1$/',9,6,21 :DVKLQJWRQ '& IRU $SSHOOHH  21 %5,()  *HUDOG / *XOOH\ sU %$.(5 *8//(< 5(3$66  2/'+$0 .QR[YLOOH7HQQHVVHHIRU$SSHOODQWsRQDWKDQ/0DUFXV 81,7(' 67$7(6 '(3$570(17 2) s867,&( $33(//$7( 6(&7,21 &5,0,1$/ ',9,6,21 :DVKLQJWRQ '& 5REHUW & $QGHUVRQ $66,67$17 81,7('67$7(6$77251(<1DVKYLOOH7HQQHVVHHIRU $SSHOOHH 0(55,77sGHOLYHUHGWKHRSLQLRQRIWKHFRXUWLQZKLFK 6$5*86 ' s MRLQHG  6,/(5 s SS   GHOLYHUHG D VHSDUDWHFRQFXUULQJRSLQLRQ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 0(55,77 &LUFXLW sXGJH  7KLV SXEOLVKHG RSLQLRQ VHWV IRUWK WKH FRXUWjV UXOLQJ DV WR GHIHQGDQW sRVH 5DPLUH] 6UjV ILQDOFODLPWKDWKLVVHQWHQFHLVXQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOLQOLJKWRI $SSUHQGL Y 1HZ sHUVH\  6&W     )RU WKH UHDVRQVVHWIRUWKEHORZZHUHYHUVHKLVVHQWHQFHDQGUHPDQG LWWRWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWIRUUHVHQWHQFLQJSURFHHGLQJVFRQVLVWHQW ZLWKWKLVRSLQLRQ2XUGHFLVLRQFRQFHUQLQJ5DPLUH]6UDQG FRGHIHQGDQW$QJHO$QJXLDQRjVRWKHUDSSHDOVFDQEHIRXQGLQ WKHXQSXEOLVKHGRSLQLRQIRUFDVHQR , 8QGHUFXUUHQWFULPLQDOODZDGHIHQGDQWjVULJKWVWRQRWLFH E\ LQGLFWPHQW RI WKH FULPH FKDUJHG WULDO E\ MXU\ SURRI EH\RQGDUHDVRQDEOHGRXEWDQGFRQIURQWDWLRQRIZLWQHVVHV WXUQ RQ ZKHWKHU SDUWLFXODU FRQGXFW LV FDWHJRUL]HG DV DQ mHOHPHQWRIWKHRIIHQVHlRUDVPHUHO\mDVHQWHQFLQJIDFWRUl 6HHHJ8QLWHG6WDWHVY&DVWLOOR866&W    KROGLQJWKDWWKHXVHRIDmPDFKLQHJXQlLQWKH FRPPLVVLRQRIDYLROHQWFULPHLVDQHOHPHQWRIDVHSDUDWH DJJUDYDWHGFULPHQRWDVHQWHQFLQJIDFWRUl 8QLWHG6WDWHVY *DXGLQ86   DFULPLQDOGHIHQGDQWLV 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY5DPLUH] 

HQWLWOHGWRmDMXU\GHWHUPLQDWLRQWKDW>KH@LVJXLOW\RIHYHU\ HOHPHQW RI WKH FULPH ZLWK ZKLFK KH LV FKDUJHG EH\RQG D UHDVRQDEOHGRXEWl 0F0LOODQY3HQQV\OYDQLD86   DIILUPLQJ 3HQQV\OYDQLD VWDWXWH UHTXLULQJ WKDW VHQWHQFLQJ IDFWRUV QHHG RQO\ EH HVWDEOLVKHG E\ D SUHSRQGHUDQFH RI WKH HYLGHQFH   )ROORZLQJ &RQJUHVVjV FUHDWLRQ RI  WKH 86 6HQWHQFLQJ *XLGHOLQHV DQG WKH 86 6XSUHPH&RXUWjVGHFLVLRQVLQ0LVWUHWWDY8QLWHG6WDWHV 6&W   DIILUPLQJWKHFRQVWLWXWLRQDOLW\RIWKH86 6HQWHQFLQJ*XLGHOLQHV DQG0F0LOODQ86   WKHUH KDV EHHQ D VLJQLILFDQW DPRXQW RI MXGLFLDO FRQIXVLRQ FRQFHUQLQJ ZKHQ FHUWDLQ IDFWV VKRXOG EH FRQVLGHUHG DQ mHOHPHQWRIWKHRIIHQVHlDQGZKHQWKH\VKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHG PHUHmVHQWHQFLQJIDFWRUVl6HHHJ&DVWLOOR6&WDW  QRWLQJ WKH GLVDJUHHPHQW DPRQJ WKH 86 &RXUWV RI $SSHDOV RQ WKH TXHVWLRQ RI ZKHWKHU SRVVHVVLRQ RI D PDFKLQHJXQVKRXOGEHFRQVLGHUHGDVHQWHQFLQJIDFWRURUDQ HOHPHQWRIDVHSDUDWHDJJUDYDWHGRIIHQVH ,QWKHUHFHQWFDVH RI$SSUHQGLY1HZsHUVH\6&W sXQH  WKH6XSUHPH&RXUWWRRNDQLQLWLDOVWHSWRFODULI\WKHERXQGDU\ EHWZHHQZKDWLVDQmHOHPHQWRIWKHRIIHQVHlDQGZKDWLVD mVHQWHQFLQJ IDFWRUl  7KH EDVLF KROGLQJ RI $SSUHQGL LV WZRIROGILUVWWKDWFRXUWVPXVWFRXQWDQ\mIDFWlWKDWLQFUHDVHV WKHmSHQDOW\EH\RQGWKHSUHVFULEHGVWDWXWRU\PD[LPXPlDVDQ HOHPHQWRIWKHRIIHQVHmH[FHSWIRURQHLPSRUWDQWH[FHSWLRQl LHmWKHIDFWRIDSULRUFRQYLFWLRQlDQGVHFRQGWKDWLWmLV XQFRQVWLWXWLRQDOIRUDOHJLVODWXUHlWRWUHDWmIDFWVWKDWLQFUHDVH WKH SUHVFULEHG UDQJH RI SHQDOWLHV WR ZKLFK D FULPLQDO GHIHQGDQWLVH[SRVHGlDVPHUHVHQWHQFLQJIDFWRUVUDWKHUWKDQ IDFWV WR EH HVWDEOLVKHG DV HOHPHQWV RI WKH RIIHQVH  7KH TXHVWLRQ EHIRUH XV LQ WKLV GLUHFW FULPLQDO DSSHDO LV KRZ $SSUHQGL DSSOLHV WR WKH YDULRXV LQFUHDVHV LQ SHQDOWLHV SDUWLFXODUO\PDQGDWRU\PLQLPXPSHQDOWLHVLPSRVHGE\WKH PXOWLOD\HUHG VHFWLRQV DQG VXEVHFWLRQV RI WKH IHGHUDO GUXJ VWDWXWHVHWRXWLQ86&† 7KH LQGLFWPHQW DJDLQVW WKH GHIHQGDQW FKDUJHG KLP LQ JHQHUDO ODQJXDJH LQ WKH ILUVW FRXQW ZLWK D FRQVSLUDF\ WR GLVWULEXWHFRFDLQHDQGLQWKHVHFRQGFRXQWZLWKDQDWWHPSWWR SRVVHVVFRFDLQHZLWKWKHLQWHQWWRGLVWULEXWH1HLWKHUFRXQW  8QLWHG6WDWHVY5DPLUH] 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY5DPLUH] 

VSHFLILHGWKHDPRXQWRIFRFDLQHLQYROYHGRUDQ\RWKHUIDFWV GLVVHQW LQ $SSUHQGL UDLVHG WKH TXHVWLRQ DV WR ZKHWKHU WKH UHJDUGLQJWKHGUXJFULPH$IWHUDMXU\WULDO'LVWULFWsXGJH $SSUHQGLGHFLVLRQRYHUUXOHG0F0LOODQ$SSUHQGL6&W (FKROVLQDZHOOUHDVRQHGVWDWHPHQWEDVHGRQWKHVHQWHQFLQJ DWWKHPDMRULW\RSLQLRQFDWHJRULFDOO\VWDWHG UXOHVWKHQDSSOLFDEOHVHQWHQFHGWKHGHIHQGDQWWRDPDQGDWRU\ PLQLPXPVHQWHQFHRI\HDUVEHFDXVHKHIRXQGWKHTXDQWLW\ :HGRQRWRYHUUXOH0F0LOODQ:HOLPLWLWVKROGLQJWR RIFRFDLQHLQYROYHGZDVJUHDWHUWKDQNLORJUDPVnLQWKLV FDVHV WKDWGRQRWLQYROYHWKHLPSRVLWLRQRIDVHQWHQFH FDVHNLORJUDPVnDQGWKDWWKHGHIHQGDQWKDGDSULRUGUXJ PRUHVHYHUHWKDQWKHVWDWXWRU\PD[LPXPIRUWKHRIIHQVH FRQYLFWLRQ  7KH DSSOLFDEOH GUXJ VWDWXWH  86& HVWDEOLVKHGE\WKHMXU\jVYHUGLFWDOLPLWDWLRQLGHQWLILHG † E  $ SURYLGHVIRUDPDQGDWRU\PLQLPXPVHQWHQFH LQWKH0F0LOODQRSLQLRQLWVHOI RI\HDUVLIWKHRIIHQVHLQYROYHVNLORJUDPVRUPRUHRI FRFDLQHDQGWKHGHIHQGDQWKDVDSULRUGUXJFRQYLFWLRQ7KH ,GDWQ VWDWXWHLQWKHQH[WVXEVHFWLRQ † E  % SURYLGHVIRUD ORZHUPDQGDWRU\PLQLPXPRIWHQ\HDUVLIWKHRIIHQVHLQYROYHV 7ZRRWKHUFLUFXLWVKDYHKHOGWKDWWKH$SSUHQGLUXOHGRHVQRW OHVVWKDQNLORVEXWPRUHWKDQJUDPVDQGWKHGHIHQGDQW DSSO\WRWKHGHWHUPLQDWLRQ RI TXDQWLW\RIGUXJVLQRUGHUWR KDV D SULRU GUXJ FRQYLFWLRQ  7KH QH[W VXEVHFWLRQ WULJJHUWKHVWDWXWRU\PLQLPXPVHQWHQFHV6HH8QLWHG6WDWHV † E  & GRHVQRWSURYLGHDQ\PDQGDWRU\PLQLPXP Y.HLWK)G WK&LU  SHUFXULDP  mZH VHQWHQFHXQGHUWKHVDPHFLUFXPVWDQFHVLIWKHDPRXQWSURYHG KROGWKDWDIDFWXVHGLQVHQWHQFLQJWKDWGRHVQRWLQFUHDVHD LV OHVV WKDQ WKH GUXJ TXDQWLWLHV OLVWHG LQ WKH WZR SUHFHGLQJ SHQDOW\EH\RQGWKHVWDWXWRU\PD[LPXPQHHGQRWEHDOOHJHGLQ VXEVHFWLRQV WKH LQGLFWPHQW DQG SURYHG WR D MXU\ EH\RQG D UHDVRQDEOH GRXEWl DQG8QLWHG6WDWHVY$JXD\R'HOJDGR)G ,QH[SODLQLQJZK\KHZDVUHTXLUHGWRVHQWHQFH5DPLUH]6U  WK&LU  m7KRVH>VWDWXWRU\@PLQLPXPVEHFDXVH WRWKHWZHQW\\HDUPLQLPXPVHQWHQFHsXGJH(FKROVVDLGWKDW WKH\ DUH ZLWKLQ WKH VWDWXWRU\ UDQJH DXWKRUL]HG E\ KHZDVUHTXLUHGE\WKHVWDWXWHWRLPSRVHD\HDUPDQGDWRU\ †  E  &  ZLWKRXW UHIHUHQFH WR GUXJ TXDQWLW\ DUH PLQLPXPVHQWHQFHEXWWKDW SHUPLVVLEOH XQGHU $SSUHQGL DQG 0F0LOODQ HYHQ ZKHUH WKH GUXJTXDQWLW\ZDVQRWFKDUJHGLQWKHLQGLFWPHQWRUIRXQGE\ >

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Ramirez, (6th Cir. 2001).

United States v. Ramirez (United States v. Ramirez) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.