United States v. Ralph Evergisto Yanes

Fifth Circuit

United States v. Ralph Evergisto Yanes

628 F.2d 294, 1980 U.S. App. LEXIS 16352

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit

DecidedJune 24, 1980

Docket79-5701

StatusPublished

Cited by4 cases

This text of 628 F.2d 294 (United States v. Ralph Evergisto Yanes) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook

United States v. Ralph Evergisto Yanes, 628 F.2d 294, 1980 U.S. App. LEXIS 16352 (5th Cir. 1980).

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Opinion

PER CURIAM:

Defendant Ralph Yanes challenges only the sufficiency of the evidence on which he was convicted of falsifying his declaration on a U.S. Customs form, 18 U.S.C.A. § 1001, and transporting more than $132,000 in U.S. currency into the United States without filing the required form, 31 U.S.C.A. §§ 1101, 1058. We affirm.

In reviewing sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the Government, making reasonable inferences and credibility choices in favor of the verdict of the trier of fact. Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 80, 62 S.Ct. 457, 469, 86 L.Ed. 680 (1942); United States v. Aguiar, 610 F.2d 1296, 1303 (5th Cir. 1980). Where, as here, the defendant was tried by the court rather than a jury, the verdict must stand if the trial judge is justified in finding the evidence inconsistent with any reasonable hypothesis of the defendant’s innocence. Gordon v. United States, 438 F.2d 858, 868 n.30 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 828, 92 S.Ct. 63, 30 L.Ed.2d 56 (1971). The test is the same whether the evidence is direct or circumstantial. United States v. Fox, 613 F.2d 99, 101 (5th Cir. 1980).

Having been discovered in possession of the money shortly after his arrival in the United States, Yanes contends only that the evidence failed to show he transported it in. We have carefully reviewed each scenario of innocence suggested by defendant, and conclude that none is reasonable in light of the evidence. The district court considered and correctly rejected each such hypothesis of innocence, reasonably inferring that the only way the money came to be in the United States was either from Yanes’ transportation of it, or his direction of another’s transportation of it, in the airplane which arrived from outside the United States.

AFFIRMED.

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PER CURIAM:

Defendant Ralph Yanes challenges only the sufficiency of the evidence on which he was convicted of falsifying his declaration on a U.S. Customs form, 18 U.S.C.A. § 1001, and transporting more than $132,000 in U.S. currency into the United States without filing the required form, 31 U.S.C.A. §§ 1101, 1058. We affirm.

In reviewing sufficiency of the evidence, this Court must examine the evidence in the light most favorable to the Government, making reasonable inferences and credibility choices in favor of the verdict of the trier of fact. Glasser v. United States, 315 U.S. 60, 80, 62 S.Ct. 457, 469, 86 L.Ed. 680 (1942); United States v. Aguiar, 610 F.2d 1296, 1303 (5th Cir. 1980). Where, as here, the defendant was tried by the court rather than a jury, the verdict must stand if the trial judge is justified in finding the evidence inconsistent with any reasonable hypothesis of the defendant’s innocence. Gordon v. United States, 438 F.2d 858, 868 n.30 (5th Cir.), cert. denied, 404 U.S. 828, 92 S.Ct. 63, 30 L.Ed.2d 56 (1971). The test is the same whether the evidence is direct or circumstantial. United States v. Fox, 613 F.2d 99, 101 (5th Cir. 1980).

Having been discovered in possession of the money shortly after his arrival in the United States, Yanes contends only that the evidence failed to show he transported it in. We have carefully reviewed each scenario of innocence suggested by defendant, and conclude that none is reasonable in light of the evidence. The district court considered and correctly rejected each such hypothesis of innocence, reasonably inferring that the only way the money came to be in the United States was either from Yanes’ transportation of it, or his direction of another’s transportation of it, in the airplane which arrived from outside the United States.

AFFIRMED.

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628 F.2d 294, 1980 U.S. App. LEXIS 16352, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-ralph-evergisto-yanes-ca5-1980.

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