United States v. Quinn

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided October 25, 2000·No. 99-5403·Published

Opinion

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United States v. Quinn, (6th Cir. 2000).

United States v. Quinn (United States v. Quinn) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.