United States v. Palomar-Martinez

858 F. Supp. 2d 1281, 2012 WL 1537841, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 61048
CourtDistrict Court, M.D. Alabama
DecidedMay 2, 2012
DocketCase No. 2:11-cr-156-MEF
StatusPublished

This text of 858 F. Supp. 2d 1281 (United States v. Palomar-Martinez) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, M.D. Alabama primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Palomar-Martinez, 858 F. Supp. 2d 1281, 2012 WL 1537841, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 61048 (M.D. Ala. 2012).

Opinion

MEMORANDUM OPINION

MARK E. FULLER, District Judge.

This Defendant, Jose Del Refugio Palomar-Martinez, appeared before the Court for his illegal reentry sentencing hearing as the embodiment of an intricate question: “What does it mean to be American?” This post-sentencing Memorandum Opinion addresses the legal context in which that question arose at Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s April 25, 2012 sentencing hearing. The answer to that question, it appears, is quite simple.

I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND

Mr. Palomar-Martinez is an “American” in almost every sense of the word. Now aged thirty-six years old, Mr. Palomar-Martinez has spent the great majority of his life as a legal resident in the United States. After receiving legal permanent resident status, his family moved from Piedras Negras, Mexico, a border town on the Rio Grande, to San Antonio, Texas, when Mr. Palomar-Martinez was three years old. With very few, or even no memories of his place of birth, Mr. Palomar-Martinez grew up living an American [1282]*1282life. He attended American schools, and American English is his first language.1 There were no relatives back in Mexico to remind him of his roots, as nearly all of Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s family members live in the United States as legal permanent residents or citizens. Like Mr. Palomar-Martinez, they are all quite American themselves. For example, Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s brother is a Master Sergeant in the United States Army, and during his twenty-plus years of military service has embarked on numerous tours of duty in Kuwait and Iraq (once in Desert Storm and thrice in Operation Iraqi Freedom), in Afghanistan, and in Panama.

Mr. Palomar-Martinez received his High School Diploma from Edgewood ISD in San Antonio, Texas, in 1995. He studied nursing until 1999, at which point he followed his older brother’s example and enlisted in the United States Air Force. He was stationed at Eglin Air Force Base, in Florida. During his two and half years serving America, Mr. Palomar-Martinez trained as an Emergency Medical Technician and commenced training to become a Licensed Vocational Nurse. His superiors valued his work ethic and passion for patient care. However, he was given a general discharge in early 2002 for failing to report and reporting late for duty at his assigned post.2

Following discharge, Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s life began to unravel. In early 2005, Mr. Palomar-Martinez and his pet bulldog were subject to a traffic stop in Biloxi, Mississippi, because he had no license plate on his vehicle. The officer became suspicious when: (1) he observed a large scale in the backseat of the vehicle; (2) Mr. Palomar-Martinez was unable to produce any paperwork for the vehicle (which he supposedly was buying); and (3) Mr. Palomar-Martinez concealed that he had previously been arrested for narcotics violations, money laundering, and firearms violations.3 The officer’s canine alerted to the presence of narcotics, and a search yielded approximately three ounces of cocaine. Mr. Palomar-Martinez was convicted of possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute and was sentenced to 15 years custody, which was suspended for 5 years of probation. More importantly, and unbeknownst to Mr. Palomar-Martinez, the cocaine conviction, as a deportable offense, see 8 U.S.C. § 1227(a)(2)(B)(i), affected his ability to reside in the United States, a privilege which Mr. Palomar-Martinez had taken for granted since the age of three.

In early 2007, in Pensacola, Florida, Mr. Palomar-Martinez was stopped for speeding. He did not have a driver’s license, because it was suspended, and the license plate did not match the car Mr. Palomar-Martinez was driving. Furthermore, the officer smelled marijuana, and Mr. Palo[1283]*1283mar-Martinez appeared nervous and was making suspicious movements to the backseat of his vehicle. A search turned up a loaded semi-automatic handgun (with the serial number removed) in the pouch on the back of the front passenger seat. The search also yielded six baggies containing marijuana residue, also found in the backseat area. Mr. Palomar-Martinez was convicted of carrying a concealed weapon and of narcotic equipment use or possession, and he was sentenced to 18 months probation.

As Mr. Palomar-Martinez attempted to renew his legal permanent resident status in early 2008, he was arrested by Immigration and Customs Enforcement (“ICE”). To Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s apparent surprise, removal proceedings were initiated and Mr. Palomar-Martinez was deported from the United States in March of 2008. Mr. Palomar-Martinez discovered, quite harshly, that growing up in America, going to school in America, speaking American English, serving in America’s armed forces, or even self-identifying as American, does not make one “American.” Rather, the answer to the question posed above — “what does it mean to be American?” — is found in the simple and mostly static answer of citizenship. As Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s counsel passionately argued in allocution, citizens who commit crimes like the ones committed by Mr. Palomar-Martinez get to return home when released from prison.

Legal residence in the United States is a prized privilege for many aliens, and our legal system sees it as a flagrant abuse of that privilege when a resident alien comes to the United States and violates its laws repeatedly. Whatever the arguments may be regarding the propriety of automatic deportability for someone in Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s shoes, at the end of the day, Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s passport was green, not blue. And that is the reason for his deportation to a country wherein he had few meaningful connections.

As if Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s life was not complicated enough at this point, his girlfriend with whom he had been co-habiting (an American citizen) was pregnant with a daughter (also an American citizen). Thus, in that short span of time, Mr. Palomar-Martinez’s ties to the United States were both forcibly severed and demonstrably strengthened.

Quite understandably, Mr. Palomar-Martinez was in an untenable position. His entire family, including his soon-to-be-born daughter and daughter’s mother, lived in the United States. He quickly and illegally reentered. He was discovered forthrightly, and was charged and convicted in the Northern District of Florida of illegal reentry in the United States after deportation. He was sentenced to six months custody in the Bureau of Prisons, followed by three years of supervised release. Mr. Palomar-Martinez was deported again.

This time, however, Mr. Palomar-Martinez afforded Mexico a fighting chance. He moved to Cancún, Mexico, and became an emergency medical technician, where he likely treated vacationing American citizens. His girlfriend and daughter joined him, but soon moved back to the United States. Mr. Palomar-Martinez moved back as well. His move was a criminal offense.

Mr. Palomar-Martinez found his way to this district by attempting to purchase Oxycodone in Covington County. In July of 2011, he was arrested for and charged with attempted possession of a controlled substance in Covington County. That charge remains pending and Mr. Palomar-Martinez has been in state custody since. He was charged in the Middle District of Alabama, this Court, for illegal reentry. As a state prisoner, Mr. Palomar-Martinez was [1284]

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
858 F. Supp. 2d 1281, 2012 WL 1537841, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 61048, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-palomar-martinez-almd-2012.