United States v. Nunez-Duran

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit
• Decided: November 3, 1998
• Docket: 97-1347
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS NOV 3 1998 TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v. No. 97-1347 (D. Ct. No. 97-CR-101-B) OSCAR GUSTAVO NUNEZ- (D. Colo.) DURAN, also known as Oscar Gustavo Duran-Nunez, also known as Oscar Duran,

Defendant-Appellant.

ORDER AND JUDGMENT *

Before TACHA , HENRY , and MURPHY , Circuit Judges.

Defendant Oscar Gustavo Nunez-Duran appeals an order of the district

court sentencing him to a term of forty-six months in prison followed by three

years of supervised release. He also appeals the court’s denial of his motion to

reconsider the sentence. The imposed sentence resulted from defendant’s plea of

guilty to violating 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) and (b)(2) by reentering the United States

* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. This court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. after having previously been deported subsequent to an aggravated felony

conviction.

First, defendant argues that the district court erred in refusing to grant his

motion for downward departure. He claims that the sentencing court

impermissibly “traded” its inclination to grant defendant’s motion for a one level

reduction in the criminal history category for the government’s proposed § 5K1.1

sentence reduction recommendation. Second, defendant asserts that the use of

the same prior convictions to calculate both the defendant’s criminal history

category and the base offense level constitutes a violation of the multiple

punishment clause of the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution. We

affirm.

I.

Defendant Nunez-Duran was involved in a series of drug-related incidents

in Oregon during 1995 and 1996. While serving his sentence on those

convictions, defendant received a final deportation order from the Immigration

and Naturalization Service and voluntarily left the United States in July of 1996

in lieu of being deported. In January of 1997, defendant was arrested in Denver,

Colorado on a drug-related charge. On motion of the government, the district

court dismissed the federal criminal complaint issued in that incident after the

return of the indictment in this matter. Defendant pled guilty to the charge of

2 reentering the United States after having been deported subsequent to an

aggravated felony conviction in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326(a) and (b)(2). The

plea agreement provided that in exchange for defendant’s cooperation in the

investigation of another individual, the government would recommend a sentence

at the low end of the applicable guideline range. The district court sentenced

Nunez-Duran to a term of forty-six months in prison.

II.

At the sentencing hearing, defendant sought a downward departure from

the Sentencing Guideline Criminal History Category IV on grounds that the

category overstated the seriousness of his criminal history since he was only a

low-level, drug-dependent substance dealer. The government moved for a

sentence reduction pursuant to § 5K1.1 of the United States Sentencing

Guidelines, based on Defendant’s substantial assistance. The district court

granted the government’s motion but denied the defendant’s motion for an

additional downward departure.

Defendant argues on appeal that the court should have considered these

reductions separately and erred in refusing to grant a further departure from the

already reduced sentence. It is well settled in this circuit that we have no

jurisdiction to review the district court’s discretionary refusal to depart

downward. See, e.g. , United States v. Castillo , 140 F.3d 874, 888 (10th Cir.

3 1998); United States v. Banta , 127 F.3d 982, 983 n.1 (10th Cir. 1997); United

States v. Belt , 89 F.3d 710, 714 (10th Cir. 1996); United States v. Barrera-

Barron , 996 F.2d 244, 245 (10th Cir. 1993).

No duty compels the district court to consider separately the government’s

substantial assistance motion and any downward departure motion made by

defendant. The district court had full discretion in deciding whether to depart

downward. This was not affected by the government’s motion. Therefore, we

dismiss this portion of the appeal.

III.

Defendant also asserts on appeal that the trial court erred in denying his

motion to reconsider his sentence because the district court used the same prior

convictions to calculate both the criminal history category and the base offense

level. Defendant claims that the use of a prior conviction in not one, but two,

sentencing calculations constitutes multiple punishment in violation of the Fifth

Amendment Double Jeopardy Clause. We find that this claim is without merit.

The Double Jeopardy Clause “protects a criminal defendant from multiple

prosecutions and from multiple punishments for the same conduct.” United

States v. Overstreet , 40 F.3d 1090, 1098 (10th Cir. 1994) (citing United States v.

Dixon , 509 U.S. 688, 695-96 (1993)). However, the multiple punishment prong

of the Clause “does no more than prevent the sentencing court from prescribing

4 greater punishment than the legislature intended.” Missouri v. Hunter , 459 U.S.

359, 366 (1983). The district court sentenced defendant to forty-six months

imprisonment, which was well within the range authorized by 8 U.S.C. §

1326(b)(2). “Calculation under the Federal Sentencing Guidelines of the proper

sentence within the statutory range established by Congress . . . does not

constitute multiple punishment.” United States v. Alvarez , 914 F.2d 915, 920

(7th Cir. 1990), superceded on other grounds by Stinson v. United States , 508

U.S. 36 (1993); see also United States v. Saunders , 973 F.2d 1354, 1365 (7th Cir.

1992); United States v. Amis , 926 F.2d 328, 329-30 (3d Cir. 1991); cf. Witte v.

United States , 515 U.S. 389, 399 (1995) (“[U]se of evidence of related criminal

conduct to enhance a defendant’s sentence for a separate crime within the

authorized statutory limits does not constitute punishment . . . within the

meaning of the Double Jeopardy Clause.”) (emphasis added).

Therefore, we hold that the district court did not err in refusing to

reconsider the defendant’s sentence and AFFIRM.

ENTERED FOR THE COURT,

Deanell Reece Tacha Circuit Judge