Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 18-10908 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:17-cr-20114-DMM-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
NANA AMA OWUSUA,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida ________________________
(December 14, 2018)
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, MARTIN, and NEWSOM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 2 of 8
Nana Owusua was convicted of two counts of transferring a stolen
identification document, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028(a)(2), and two counts of
aggravated identity theft, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1), for attempting to
transfer two stolen U.S. passports to Ghana. She received a 36-month sentence.
On appeal she raises three claims: (1) that the district court deprived her of a fair
trial by excluding evidence pertaining to her defense; (2) that the government
failed to present sufficient evidence that she knew the passports were in her
package to Ghana; and (3) that her sentence is substantively unreasonable.
I.
In January 2014 Owusua began working as a live-in caretaker for the
Doddato family in the Bronx, New York. In January 2016, after Owusua stopped
working for the Doddatos but while she still lived in New York, someone broke
into the Doddato home and stole three passports. The burglar left the basement
light on, leading the Doddatos to believe that the burglar was familiar with the
home since the light switch was in an obscure location behind a bookshelf.
On November 21, 2016, Owusua attempted to send a package containing
two of the stolen passports to Ghana from a post office in Florida. These two
passports were discovered when her package was inspected by the Department of
Homeland Security. The third passport was recovered a short time later when, on
November 25, Owusua’s then boyfriend, Worlanyo Adzimah, brought the passport
2 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 3 of 8
to a Florida bank claiming that the bank had accidentally returned the passport to
him rather than his own passport. Security footage showed that the teller had not
made such a mistake and the stolen passport was turned over to the authorities.
Owusua’s primary defense theory at trial was that Adzimah placed the stolen
passports in the package without Owusua’s knowledge. Owusua wanted to present
evidence at trial that three months after she sent the package to Ghana, Adzimah
tried to kill her and was later charged with attempted murder in state court. After
the government rested its case at trial, and outside the presence of the jury, Owusua
requested a ruling on the admissibility of this evidence. After the district court
expressed concern that presenting evidence of Adzimah’s criminal charges had the
potential to mislead the jury, but before it ruled on the admissibility of the
evidence, Owusua’s counsel told the court: “We will limit the testimony. We will
just say they had a big fight and he was arrested, period.” When Owusua testified
at trial she began to discuss Adzimah’s attempted murder. The court sustained the
government’s objection on relevance grounds and Owusua’s counsel then had no
further questions.
The jury found Owusua guilty of two counts of transferring a stolen
identification document and two counts of aggravated identity theft. At sentencing
the court heard argument from the parties regarding the 18 U.S.C. § 3553 factors.
In imposing a 36-month sentence the court stated that it had considered the parties’
3 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 4 of 8
statements, the facts of the case, the presentence investigatory report, the advisory
guidelines range, and the statutory factors.
II.
Owusua’s first claim on appeal is that the district court erred in excluding
evidence of Adzimah’s criminal charges. We typically review a district court’s
evidentiary rulings for abuse of discretion. See United States v. Perez-Oliveros,
479 F.3d 779, 783 (11th Cir. 2007). But when the exclusion of evidence would
violate a defendant’s constitutional rights, we review questions of constitutional
law de novo. See United States v. Underwood, 446 F.3d 1340, 1345 (11th Cir.
2006). A party may not challenge as error a district court’s ruling if that party
induced or invited the district court to commit that error. See United States v.
Stone, 139 F.3d 822, 838 (11th Cir. 1998) (“For example, a defendant can invite
error by introducing otherwise inadmissible evidence at trial or by submitting an
incorrect jury instruction to the district judge which is then given to the jury.
Generally, an appellate court will not review an error invited by a defendant, on the
rationale that the defendant should not benefit from introducing error at trial with
the intention of creating grounds for reversal on appeal.”).
Owusua’s claim that her due process rights were violated by the exclusion of
the evidence of Adzimah’s criminal charges fails because Owusua invited the
error. Before the district court ruled on the admissibility of the evidence,
4 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 5 of 8
Owusua’s counsel said that Owusua would limit her testimony and “just say they
had a big fight and he was arrested, period.” When Owusua began to speak about
the assault and the court sustained the government’s objection, Owusua’s counsel
rested without attempting to elicit any further testimony regarding the defense.
Owusua cannot now claim that the district court erred in excluding the evidence
that she told the district court she would not introduce.
III.
Owusua’s second claim is that the government failed to present sufficient
evidence for a jury to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Owusua knew the
stolen passports were in the package she tried to ship. We review de novo a
district court’s denial of a motion for judgment of acquittal. United States v.
Descent, 292 F.3d 703, 706 (11th Cir. 2002). We apply the same standard used in
reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, meaning that all facts and inferences are
construed in the light most favorable to the government. Id. To affirm the denial
of a motion for judgment of acquittal, we need only determine that a reasonable
fact finder could conclude that the evidence established the defendant’s guilt
beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
We consider all the evidence presented at trial when reviewing the denial of
a motion for judgment of acquittal made at the close of the defendant’s case.
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Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 18-10908 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 1:17-cr-20114-DMM-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
NANA AMA OWUSUA,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Florida ________________________
(December 14, 2018)
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, MARTIN, and NEWSOM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 2 of 8
Nana Owusua was convicted of two counts of transferring a stolen
identification document, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028(a)(2), and two counts of
aggravated identity theft, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1), for attempting to
transfer two stolen U.S. passports to Ghana. She received a 36-month sentence.
On appeal she raises three claims: (1) that the district court deprived her of a fair
trial by excluding evidence pertaining to her defense; (2) that the government
failed to present sufficient evidence that she knew the passports were in her
package to Ghana; and (3) that her sentence is substantively unreasonable.
I.
In January 2014 Owusua began working as a live-in caretaker for the
Doddato family in the Bronx, New York. In January 2016, after Owusua stopped
working for the Doddatos but while she still lived in New York, someone broke
into the Doddato home and stole three passports. The burglar left the basement
light on, leading the Doddatos to believe that the burglar was familiar with the
home since the light switch was in an obscure location behind a bookshelf.
On November 21, 2016, Owusua attempted to send a package containing
two of the stolen passports to Ghana from a post office in Florida. These two
passports were discovered when her package was inspected by the Department of
Homeland Security. The third passport was recovered a short time later when, on
November 25, Owusua’s then boyfriend, Worlanyo Adzimah, brought the passport
2 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 3 of 8
to a Florida bank claiming that the bank had accidentally returned the passport to
him rather than his own passport. Security footage showed that the teller had not
made such a mistake and the stolen passport was turned over to the authorities.
Owusua’s primary defense theory at trial was that Adzimah placed the stolen
passports in the package without Owusua’s knowledge. Owusua wanted to present
evidence at trial that three months after she sent the package to Ghana, Adzimah
tried to kill her and was later charged with attempted murder in state court. After
the government rested its case at trial, and outside the presence of the jury, Owusua
requested a ruling on the admissibility of this evidence. After the district court
expressed concern that presenting evidence of Adzimah’s criminal charges had the
potential to mislead the jury, but before it ruled on the admissibility of the
evidence, Owusua’s counsel told the court: “We will limit the testimony. We will
just say they had a big fight and he was arrested, period.” When Owusua testified
at trial she began to discuss Adzimah’s attempted murder. The court sustained the
government’s objection on relevance grounds and Owusua’s counsel then had no
further questions.
The jury found Owusua guilty of two counts of transferring a stolen
identification document and two counts of aggravated identity theft. At sentencing
the court heard argument from the parties regarding the 18 U.S.C. § 3553 factors.
In imposing a 36-month sentence the court stated that it had considered the parties’
3 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 4 of 8
statements, the facts of the case, the presentence investigatory report, the advisory
guidelines range, and the statutory factors.
II.
Owusua’s first claim on appeal is that the district court erred in excluding
evidence of Adzimah’s criminal charges. We typically review a district court’s
evidentiary rulings for abuse of discretion. See United States v. Perez-Oliveros,
479 F.3d 779, 783 (11th Cir. 2007). But when the exclusion of evidence would
violate a defendant’s constitutional rights, we review questions of constitutional
law de novo. See United States v. Underwood, 446 F.3d 1340, 1345 (11th Cir.
2006). A party may not challenge as error a district court’s ruling if that party
induced or invited the district court to commit that error. See United States v.
Stone, 139 F.3d 822, 838 (11th Cir. 1998) (“For example, a defendant can invite
error by introducing otherwise inadmissible evidence at trial or by submitting an
incorrect jury instruction to the district judge which is then given to the jury.
Generally, an appellate court will not review an error invited by a defendant, on the
rationale that the defendant should not benefit from introducing error at trial with
the intention of creating grounds for reversal on appeal.”).
Owusua’s claim that her due process rights were violated by the exclusion of
the evidence of Adzimah’s criminal charges fails because Owusua invited the
error. Before the district court ruled on the admissibility of the evidence,
4 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 5 of 8
Owusua’s counsel said that Owusua would limit her testimony and “just say they
had a big fight and he was arrested, period.” When Owusua began to speak about
the assault and the court sustained the government’s objection, Owusua’s counsel
rested without attempting to elicit any further testimony regarding the defense.
Owusua cannot now claim that the district court erred in excluding the evidence
that she told the district court she would not introduce.
III.
Owusua’s second claim is that the government failed to present sufficient
evidence for a jury to conclude beyond a reasonable doubt that Owusua knew the
stolen passports were in the package she tried to ship. We review de novo a
district court’s denial of a motion for judgment of acquittal. United States v.
Descent, 292 F.3d 703, 706 (11th Cir. 2002). We apply the same standard used in
reviewing the sufficiency of the evidence, meaning that all facts and inferences are
construed in the light most favorable to the government. Id. To affirm the denial
of a motion for judgment of acquittal, we need only determine that a reasonable
fact finder could conclude that the evidence established the defendant’s guilt
beyond a reasonable doubt. Id.
We consider all the evidence presented at trial when reviewing the denial of
a motion for judgment of acquittal made at the close of the defendant’s case.
United States v. Thomas, 987 F.2d 697, 705 (11th Cir. 1993). When a defendant
5 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 6 of 8
takes the stand and testifies in her own defense, the jury may disbelieve the
testimony, and the defendant’s own statements “may be considered as substantive
evidence of the defendant’s guilt.” United States v. Brown, 53 F.3d 312, 314 (11th
Cir. 1995). This rule applies with “special force” when the government must prove
a defendant’s intent or knowledge. Id. at 315.
Here, viewing the facts and inferences in the light most favorable to the
government, there was enough evidence for a reasonable jury to determine that
Owusua knew the stolen passports were in the package that she attempted to ship
to Ghana. There was evidence that Owusua was familiar with the Dottado home
and that the person who stole the passports likely possessed this familiarity
because he or she knew how to turn on the basement lights. And by taking the
stand and testifying that she did not know the passports were in the package,
Owusua also allowed the jury to evaluate her testimony and use it as substantive
evidence that she did in fact know the passports were there. The district court did
not err in denying Owusua’s motion for judgment of acquittal.
IV.
Owusua’s final claim is that the district court’s imposition of a 36-month
sentence was substantively unreasonable. We review the reasonableness of a
sentence under a deferential abuse-of-discretion standard. Gall v. United States,
552 U.S. 38, 51, 128 S. Ct. 586, 597 (2007). The party challenging the sentence
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bears the burden of showing that the sentence is unreasonable in light of the record
and the factors enumerated in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). United States v. Tome, 611
F.3d 1371, 1378 (11th Cir. 2010).
We will vacate a sentence only if we are “left with the definite and firm
conviction that the district court committed a clear error of judgment in weighing
the § 3553(a) factors by arriving at a sentence that lies outside the range of
reasonable sentences dictated by the facts of the case.” United States v. Irey, 612
F.3d 1160, 1190 (11th Cir. 2010) (en banc) (quotation marks omitted). A district
court abuses its discretion when it (1) fails to consider relevant factors that were
due significant weight, (2) gives an improper or irrelevant factor significant
weight, or (3) commits a clear error of judgment by balancing the proper factors
unreasonably. See id. at 1193–94. While we do not presume that a sentence
falling within the guidelines range is reasonable, we ordinarily expect such a
sentence to be reasonable. United States v. Hunt, 526 F.3d 739, 746 (11th Cir.
2008).
Here the district court did not abuse its discretion in imposing a 36-month
sentence. The guidelines range was 12 to 18 months with 18 U.S.C. § 1028A(a)(1)
requiring a 24-month consecutive sentence for the aggravated identity theft charges
— effectively making the range 36 to 42 months. Owusua argues that the district
court should have varied downward because she had no criminal record and
7 Case: 18-10908 Date Filed: 12/14/2018 Page: 8 of 8
possessed a history of helping others, but she has not met her burden of showing
that the sentence was unreasonable in light of the statutory factors. The district
court considered the statutory factors and imposed a sentence at the bottom of the
guidelines range. The district court’s imposition of a 36-month sentence is
AFFIRMED.