United States v. Moss

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided June 28, 2000·No. 98-6042·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$ ; 3ODLQWLII$SSHOOHH    1R Y  !  /$55< /$0217 0266  'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW  1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH:HVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI7HQQHVVHHDW0HPSKLV 1RnsXOLD6*LEERQV&KLHI'LVWULFWsXGJH $UJXHG6HSWHPEHU 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHGsXQH %HIRUH%$7&+(/'(5DQG*,/0$1&LUFXLWsXGJHV +22''LVWULFWsXGJH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('7KRPDVs*LEVRQ2)),&(2)7+()('(5$/ 38%/,&'()(1'(5)257+(:(67(51',675,&72) 7(11(66((0HPSKLV7HQQHVVHHIRU$SSHOODQW%ULDQs

7KH +RQRUDEOH 'HQLVH 3DJH +RRG 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH (DVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 0LFKLJDQ VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0RVV 1R

4XDUOHV $66,67$17 81,7(' 67$7(6 $77251(< 0HPSKLV7HQQHVVHHIRU$SSHOOHH21%5,()7KRPDVs *LEVRQ2)),&(2)7+()('(5$/38%/,&'()(1'(5 )25 7+( :(67(51 ',675,&7 2) 7(11(66(( 0HPSKLV 7HQQHVVHH IRU $SSHOODQW  %ULDQ s 4XDUOHV $66,67$17 81,7(' 67$7(6 $77251(< 0HPSKLV 7HQQHVVHHIRU$SSHOOHH +22' ' s GHOLYHUHG WKH RSLQLRQ RI WKH FRXUW %$7&+(/'(5 s S   GHOLYHUHG D VHSDUDWH RSLQLRQ FRQFXUULQJ LQ ERWK WKH RSLQLRQ RI WKH FRXUW DQG sXGJH *LOPDQjV VHSDUDWH FRQFXUUHQFH  *,/0$1 s SS   GHOLYHUHGDVHSDUDWHRSLQLRQFRQFXUULQJLQWKHMXGJPHQW BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB '(1,6(3$*(+22''LVWULFWsXGJH'HIHQGDQW/DUU\ 0RVVDSSHDOVKLVMXU\FRQYLFWLRQIRUSRVVHVVLRQRIFRFDLQH ZLWKLQWHQWWRGLVWULEXWHLQYLRODWLRQRI86&† D   DQGKLVVHQWHQFHRIPRQWKVLPSULVRQPHQWDQGILYH\HDUV VXSHUYLVHGUHOHDVH0RVVFODLPVWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWFRPPLWWHG HUURUE\ GLVPLVVLQJKLVILUVWLQGLFWPHQWZLWKRXWSUHMXGLFH IRUYLRODWLRQRIWKH6SHHG\7ULDO$FW QRWGLVPLVVLQJKLV VHFRQGLQGLFWPHQWIRUYLRODWLRQRIWKH6SHHG\7ULDO$FWDQG KLV6L[WK$PHQGPHQWULJKWWRDVSHHG\WULDO GHQ\LQJKLV PRWLRQ WR VXSSUHVV DQG   HQKDQFLQJ KLV VHQWHQFH IRU REVWUXFWLRQ RI MXVWLFH  )RU WKH UHDVRQV WKDW IROORZ ZH 5(9(56(WKHGLVWULFWFRXUWjVGHFLVLRQWRGLVPLVVWKHILUVW LQGLFWPHQWZLWKRXWSUHMXGLFHDQGGRQRWUHDFKWKHUHPDLQLQJ LVVXHVRQDSSHDO ,%$&.*5281' 2Q 0DUFK   WKUHH QDUFRWLFV RIILFHUV IURP WKH 6KHOE\ &RXQW\ 6KHULIIjV 'HSDUWPHQW H[HFXWHG D VHDUFK ZDUUDQWDWDUHVLGHQFHORFDWHGRQ1DWLRQDOLQ0HPSKLV 7HQQHVVHHDQGEURXJKWDORQJ7RUTXHDQDUFRWLFVGHWHFWLQJ GRJ  $V WKH RIILFHUV HQWHUHG WKH UHVLGHQFH DQG EHJDQ  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0RVV 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0RVV 

WKH GHOD\ LQ WKLV FDVH ZRXOG JLYH DGHTXDWH HIIHFW WR WKH KDQGFXIILQJ WKH SHRSOH LQVLGH /DUU\ 0RVV H[LWHG IURP D PDQGDWHRI&RQJUHVVDVVHWIRUWKLQWKH6SHHG\7ULDO$FW$V EHGURRPLQWKHKRXVH2QHRIWKHRIILFHUVKDQGFXIIHGDQG IDUDVFDQEHGLVFHUQHGIURPWKHUHFRUGWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWWRRN SDWWHG GRZQ 0RVV DQG ORFDWHG D WHQWK RI D JUDP RI FUDFN 0RVVjVPRWLRQWRVXSSUHVVXQGHUDGYLVHPHQWDQGWKHQVLPSO\ FRFDLQHLQKLVSRFNHW7KHRIILFHUQRWLFHGWKDW0RVVjKDQGV VDW RQ WKH FDVH IRU D \HDU  7KHVH FLUFXPVWDQFHV FDOO IRU D ZHUHZHW,QRQHRIWKHEHGURRPVWKHRIILFHUVIRXQGDILVK GLVPLVVDORIWKHLQGLFWPHQWZLWKSUHMXGLFHDQGWKHGLVWULFW WDQN ZKLFK FRQWDLQHG ZDWHU URFNV DQG D OLYH DOOLJDWRU FRXUWDEXVHGLWVGLVFUHWLRQLQILQGLQJWRWKHFRQWUDU\ 7RUTXHWKHQDUFRWLFVGHWHFWLQJGRJLQGLFDWHGWKDWQDUFRWLFV ZHUH LQ WKH ILVK WDQN  :KLOH RQH RIILFHU UHVWUDLQHG WKH ,,, DOOLJDWRU DQRWKHU RIILFHU VHDUFKHG WKH LQVLGH RI WKH WDQN %HQHDWKWKHURFNVDQGVXEPHUJHGLQZDWHUZHUHVHYHUDOEDJV , UHFRJQL]H IXOO ZHOO WKH XQIRUWXQDWH LURQ\ RI GLVPLVVLQJ DQGDSODVWLFFRQWDLQHUZLWKFUDFNFRFDLQHLQVLGH,QDOOWKH ZLWKSUHMXGLFHDFDVHLQZKLFKWKHGHIHQGDQWZDVFRQYLFWHG RIILFHUVVHL]HGJUDPVRIFRFDLQHDQGWZRGLJLWDOVFDOHV DQGVHQWHQFHGWRDYHU\VXEVWDQWLDOWHUPRILQFDUFHUDWLRQDOO LQRUGHUWRHQIRUFHDVWDWXWHWKDWZDVHQDFWHGLQODUJHSDUWWR 0RVVZDVDUUHVWHGDQGPDGHKLVLQLWLDODSSHDUDQFHEHIRUH SURWHFWWKHSXEOLFIURPGDQJHURXVRIIHQGHUVUHOHDVHGRQEDLO DPDJLVWUDWHMXGJHRQ0DUFK7KHFRXUWJUDQWHG %XWLQHQDFWLQJWKH6SHHG\7ULDO$FW&RQJUHVVPDGHSODLQLWV 0RVVWZRFRQWLQXDQFHVWRDOORZKLPWRUHWDLQFRXQVHO2Q EHOLHIWKDWEULQJLQJGHIHQGDQWVWRWULDOSURPSWO\LVHVVHQWLDOWR 0DUFK   D PDJLVWUDWH MXGJH DSSRLQWHG FRXQVHO IRU WKHLQWHUHVWVRIMXVWLFHDQGWKDWWKHUHPHG\RIGLVPLVVDOnDQG 0RVVDQGVHWDSUREDEOHFDXVHEDLOKHDULQJIRUWKHQH[WGD\ LQVRPHFDVHVGLVPLVVDOZLWKSUHMXGLFHnLVQHFHVVDU\WRFDUU\ 0RVVDSSHDUHGWKHQH[WGD\ZLWKUHWDLQHGFRXQVHO7KHFRXUW RXWLWVPDQGDWH,WKHUHIRUHFRQFXULQWKHMXGJPHQWGLUHFWLQJ IRXQGSUREDEOHFDXVHDQG0RVVZDVGHWDLQHGSHQGLQJWULDO WKHGLVWULFWFRXUWWRGLVPLVV0RVVjVLQGLFWPHQWZLWKSUHMXGLFH 2Q $SULO   D IHGHUDO JUDQG MXU\ LQ WKH :HVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 7HQQHVVHH LQGLFWHG 0RVV RQ RQH FRXQW RI SRVVHVVLRQRIDFRQWUROOHGVXEVWDQFHJUDPVRIFRFDLQH EDVH ZLWK LQWHQW WR GLVWULEXWH LQ YLRODWLRQ RI  86& † D  0RVVZDVJUDQWHGDQXPEHURIFRQWLQXDQFHVWR DOORZKLPWRUHWDLQFRXQVHODQGZDVDUUDLJQHGRQ0D\   0RVV HQWHUHG D SOHD RI QRW JXLOW\  0RVVj UHWDLQHG FRXQVHOPRYHGWRZLWKGUDZRQsXQHDQGWKHPRWLRQ ZDV JUDQWHG RQ sXQH    0RVV DSSHDUHG EHIRUH WKH GLVWULFWFRXUWRQsXO\WRLQIRUPWKHFRXUWRIWKHVWDWXV RIKLVVHDUFKIRUDQHZDWWRUQH\DQGLQVLVWHGWKDWKHZRXOG UHWDLQFRXQVHO0RVVZDVWROGWRUHSRUWEDFNRQsXO\ EXW GLG QRW UHSRUW XQWLO sXO\    $W WKDW WLPH KH LQIRUPHGWKHFRXUWWKDWKHKDGQRW\HWUHWDLQHGFRXQVHOEXWKH VWLOOGHVLUHGWRGRVR7KHFRXUWLQVWUXFWHG 0RVVWRUHSRUW EDFN RQ $XJXVW    2Q $XJXVW   0RVV UHSRUWHGWKDWKHKDGUHWDLQHGDQDWWRUQH\7KHQHZDWWRUQH\ ILOHG DQ DSSHDUDQFH RQ $XJXVW   DQG UHTXHVWHG D QXPEHURIFRQWLQXDQFHVLQRUGHUWRSUHSDUHIRUWULDO3ULRUWR  8QLWHG6WDWHVY0RVV 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY0RVV 

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Moss, (6th Cir. 2000).

United States v. Moss (United States v. Moss) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.