United States v. Milton D. Jackson

74 F.3d 1234, 1996 U.S. App. LEXIS 39073, 1996 WL 15460

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
• Decided: January 17, 1996
• Docket: 95-5409
• Status: Published

Opinion

74 F.3d 1234
NOTICE: Fourth Circuit Local Rule 36(c) states that citation of unpublished dispositions is disfavored except for establishing res judicata, estoppel, or the law of the case and requires service of copies of cited unpublished dispositions of the Fourth Circuit.

UNITED STATES of America, Plaintiff-Appellee,
v.
Milton D. JACKSON, Defendant-Appellant.

No. 95-5409.

United States Court of Appeals, Fourth Circuit.

Submitted: December 19, 1995.
Decided: January 17, 1996.

John Clifton Rand, Law Offices of J.C. Rand, Alexandria, VA, for Appellant. Helen F. Fahey, United States Attorney, Morris R. Parker, Jr., Special Assistant United States Attorney, Alexandria, VA, for Appellee.

Before NIEMEYER, LUTTIG, and WILLIAMS, Circuit Judges.

OPINION

PER CURIAM:

Milton D. Jackson pled guilty to escape from the Lorton Reformatory, 18 U.S.C.A. Sec. 751(a) (West Supp.1995), and received a sentence of 27 months. He contends on appeal that the district court erred in refusing to give him a reduction in offense level under USSG Sec. 2P1.1(b)(3).* Finding no error, we affirm the sentence.

Guideline section 2P1.1(b)(3) provides a 4-level reduction if "the defendant escaped from the non-secure custody of a community corrections center, community treatment center, 'half way house,' or similar facility." "Non-secure custody" is defined as custody with no significant physical restraint, and may include time spent on a work detail outside a secure facility. USSG Sec. 2P1.1, comment. (n.1).

This court has adopted a two-part test for determining whether the reduction in Sec. 2P1.1(b)(3) applies. First, the defendant must have escaped from a non-secure facility and, second, the non-secure facility must be similar to a community corrections center, community treatment center, or half-way house. United States v. Sarno, 24 F.3d 618, 623 (4th Cir.1994). The government concedes that Jackson was (however temporarily) in non-secure custody at the time of his escape but asserts that the Lorton Facility was not a community corrections center. Jackson argues that Lorton should be considered a community corrections center because, as a District of Columbia facility rather than a federal facility, it is by nature a local or community facility. We reject this contention and find that the district court correctly found that the reduction did not apply.

Community corrections centers have been defined as community based programs which are used for intermediate punishment such as probation or supervised release, or as a transitional service for prisoners nearing release; they are distinguished from institutional confinement even of the minimum security variety. See United States v. Tapia, 981 F.2d 1194, 1198 (11th Cir.) (citing United States v. Kahn, 789 F.Supp. 373, 377 (M.D.Ala.1992)), cert. denied, --- U.S. ----, 61 U.S.L.W. 3835 (U.S. June 14, 1993) (No. 92-8631). Lorton Reformatory is an integral part of the District of Columbia prison system. See Wright v. Jackson, 505 F.2d 1229, 1231-32 (4th Cir.1974). As such, Lorton provides institutional confinement rather than a community-based program. When Jackson escaped, he was serving sentences of 20 months to 5 years for attempted cocaine distribution, 1 year (consecutive) for failure to appear, and not less than 13 years for assault and firearms convictions. On this information alone, the district court did not err in finding that Lorton was neither a community corrections center nor a similar facility.

We therefore affirm the sentence imposed by the district court. We dispense with oral argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before the court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED

* United States Sentencing Commission, Guidelines Manual (Nov.1994)