LARSON, Chief Judge:
Pursuant to his pleas, the appellant was convicted at special court-martial, military judge sitting alone, of unauthorized use of a government vehicle and multiple larcenies, in violation of Articles 92 and 121, respectively, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 10 U.S.C. §§ 892, 921. On appeal, in a summary assignment of error, he claims that the military judge erred by failing to dismiss the charges against him because of misconduct by the original trial counsel.1 Although we find instances of over-reaching and inappropriate behavior by the trial counsel (TC), as well as certain improprieties by the originally detailed defense counsel (DC), we hold that the appellant suffered no prejudice as a result.
The events in question unfolded at the Naval Legal Service Office Detachment, Zings Bay, Georgia, where witnesses had gathered for trial. The civilian defense counsel (CDC) was interviewing the appellant and his wife when the DC entered the office and profanely declared that the CDC was ineffective, had not talked to the witnesses, and that he [DC] would “have no part of it.”2 The DC was quickly followed into the office by the TC, who, in agreeing with the DC and stating to the appellant that the CDC was “misrepresenting” him, rudely ordered the appellant’s wife out of the office, and engaged the appellant in an unseemly verbal dispute. Record at 203. During the tumultuous pretrial preparation period, the TC had also told most of the defense witnesses, who were gathered to be interviewed by the defense, that the appellant was “trying to worm out of the court-martial,” or words to that effect. Furthermore, in an awkward arrangement, the TC forbade the CDC from using the appellant or his wife to summon the witnesses from the waiting area without her assistance or the assistance of a chief petty officer or secretary assigned to the Detachment. In addition, the TC provided legal counsel to one defense witness (F)— who had been punished under Article 15, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 815, for aiding and abetting the appellant — regarding his concerns that he might face additional punishment. Finally, the TC contacted a defense-requested witness (B) and, in interviewing him, threatened and intimidated him by telling him he should be afraid to come to the trial site and talk with uniformed personnel because he would face a court-martial.
Ultimately, both the TC and the DC were replaced by other counsel before pleas were entered, the latter at the request of the appellant and the former because she had been transferred to another command. Record at 219. The CDC and newly detañed defense counsel moved to dismiss the charges as a result of prosecutorial misconduct arising primarily from the factual scenario set forth above. The military judge took extensive testimony on the issue3, entered findings, and ultimately denied the motion. In particular, after stating that “I want [677]*677to know if these witnesses feel they are intimidated in dealing with the defense and, if they are, I’m going to set it straight right now,” (Record at 83) the judge brought all but one of the witnesses, who could even remotely have been touched by the pretrial conduct of the TC, to the stand. He thoroughly established that the witnesses understood that they were to speak freely and truthfully to the appellant and his counsel without fear of repercussion. The military judge found that “because there has been absolutely no prejudice to the accused whatsoever in this ease, the motion [to dismiss for prosecutorial misconduct] is denied.” Record at 231. His other findings include the following:
1. Any requirement the TC placed on witnesses to notify command personnel of their whereabouts was designed to ensure control of the witnesses in the building or to explain sequestration rules to the witnesses regarding testimony and no prejudice resulted.
2. The TC’s order for appellant’s wife to leave the office used by civilian defense counsel was improper, but no prejudice resulted.
3. TC’s comments regarding civilian counsel’s inadequate preparation were not intended to influence the appellant’s decision as to employment of counsel and had no such effect.
4. TC’s comment in front of several witnesses that appellant “was trying to worm out of this trial” was improper, but was made out of frustration, not intending to influence and not actually influencing the witnesses to the detriment of the appellant.
5. TC’s legal counsel to witness [F] that, notwithstanding his having received nonjudicial punishment under Article 15, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 815 as an aider and abettor to appellant, he could still be court-martialled for the same offense was not improper. [The military judge found that this was advice regarding the lack of a need for immunity.]
6. TC’s comments over the telephone to out-of-state defense witness [B], whose appearance was at first opposed by the Government, regarding his own possible court-martial through the Navy Reserve were improper and should not have been made, but no prejudice resulted.
Id. at 230-31.
A trial counsel acting on behalf of the United States and as an officer of the court is duty bound to protect an accused’s right to a fair trial and to ensure that justice is done. United States v. Freemen, 28 M.J. 789, 795 n. 8 (N.M.C.M.R.1989) (quoting Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88, 55 S.Ct. 629, 633, 79 L.Ed. 1314 (1935)). The proper standard by which to review allegations of prosecutorial misconduct is whether they are so egregious as to deny the accused a fair trial. United States v. Hernandez, 779 F.2d 456 (8th Cir.1985); United States v. Sloan, 30 M.J. 741 (A.F.C.M.R.), petition denied, 32 M.J. 41 (C.M.A.1990).
Our first task is to determine whether counsel’s behavior amounted to prosecutorial misconduct. The specific instances of conduct by the TC found to be improper by the military judge fall into the broad category of attempting to limit defense access to witnesses through intimidating or improperly influencing the witnesses. The military judge found, and we agree, that the TC’s comment to defense witness (B) — to the effect that he would risk court-martial himself should he appear to testify at the appellant’s court-martial — was inappropriate.4 Whether or [678]*678not the comment was calculated to intimidate the witness, it is clear that it was likely to do so.5 Similarly, the TC’s off-hand comment to the assembled defense witnesses that the appellant was trying to “worm” his way out of court-martial was improper. It conveyed her negative, personal, and totally irrelevant opinion of the appellant to witnesses called to testify on his behalf and had the potential to improperly influence their testimony.
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LARSON, Chief Judge:
Pursuant to his pleas, the appellant was convicted at special court-martial, military judge sitting alone, of unauthorized use of a government vehicle and multiple larcenies, in violation of Articles 92 and 121, respectively, Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ), 10 U.S.C. §§ 892, 921. On appeal, in a summary assignment of error, he claims that the military judge erred by failing to dismiss the charges against him because of misconduct by the original trial counsel.1 Although we find instances of over-reaching and inappropriate behavior by the trial counsel (TC), as well as certain improprieties by the originally detailed defense counsel (DC), we hold that the appellant suffered no prejudice as a result.
The events in question unfolded at the Naval Legal Service Office Detachment, Zings Bay, Georgia, where witnesses had gathered for trial. The civilian defense counsel (CDC) was interviewing the appellant and his wife when the DC entered the office and profanely declared that the CDC was ineffective, had not talked to the witnesses, and that he [DC] would “have no part of it.”2 The DC was quickly followed into the office by the TC, who, in agreeing with the DC and stating to the appellant that the CDC was “misrepresenting” him, rudely ordered the appellant’s wife out of the office, and engaged the appellant in an unseemly verbal dispute. Record at 203. During the tumultuous pretrial preparation period, the TC had also told most of the defense witnesses, who were gathered to be interviewed by the defense, that the appellant was “trying to worm out of the court-martial,” or words to that effect. Furthermore, in an awkward arrangement, the TC forbade the CDC from using the appellant or his wife to summon the witnesses from the waiting area without her assistance or the assistance of a chief petty officer or secretary assigned to the Detachment. In addition, the TC provided legal counsel to one defense witness (F)— who had been punished under Article 15, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 815, for aiding and abetting the appellant — regarding his concerns that he might face additional punishment. Finally, the TC contacted a defense-requested witness (B) and, in interviewing him, threatened and intimidated him by telling him he should be afraid to come to the trial site and talk with uniformed personnel because he would face a court-martial.
Ultimately, both the TC and the DC were replaced by other counsel before pleas were entered, the latter at the request of the appellant and the former because she had been transferred to another command. Record at 219. The CDC and newly detañed defense counsel moved to dismiss the charges as a result of prosecutorial misconduct arising primarily from the factual scenario set forth above. The military judge took extensive testimony on the issue3, entered findings, and ultimately denied the motion. In particular, after stating that “I want [677]*677to know if these witnesses feel they are intimidated in dealing with the defense and, if they are, I’m going to set it straight right now,” (Record at 83) the judge brought all but one of the witnesses, who could even remotely have been touched by the pretrial conduct of the TC, to the stand. He thoroughly established that the witnesses understood that they were to speak freely and truthfully to the appellant and his counsel without fear of repercussion. The military judge found that “because there has been absolutely no prejudice to the accused whatsoever in this ease, the motion [to dismiss for prosecutorial misconduct] is denied.” Record at 231. His other findings include the following:
1. Any requirement the TC placed on witnesses to notify command personnel of their whereabouts was designed to ensure control of the witnesses in the building or to explain sequestration rules to the witnesses regarding testimony and no prejudice resulted.
2. The TC’s order for appellant’s wife to leave the office used by civilian defense counsel was improper, but no prejudice resulted.
3. TC’s comments regarding civilian counsel’s inadequate preparation were not intended to influence the appellant’s decision as to employment of counsel and had no such effect.
4. TC’s comment in front of several witnesses that appellant “was trying to worm out of this trial” was improper, but was made out of frustration, not intending to influence and not actually influencing the witnesses to the detriment of the appellant.
5. TC’s legal counsel to witness [F] that, notwithstanding his having received nonjudicial punishment under Article 15, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 815 as an aider and abettor to appellant, he could still be court-martialled for the same offense was not improper. [The military judge found that this was advice regarding the lack of a need for immunity.]
6. TC’s comments over the telephone to out-of-state defense witness [B], whose appearance was at first opposed by the Government, regarding his own possible court-martial through the Navy Reserve were improper and should not have been made, but no prejudice resulted.
Id. at 230-31.
A trial counsel acting on behalf of the United States and as an officer of the court is duty bound to protect an accused’s right to a fair trial and to ensure that justice is done. United States v. Freemen, 28 M.J. 789, 795 n. 8 (N.M.C.M.R.1989) (quoting Berger v. United States, 295 U.S. 78, 88, 55 S.Ct. 629, 633, 79 L.Ed. 1314 (1935)). The proper standard by which to review allegations of prosecutorial misconduct is whether they are so egregious as to deny the accused a fair trial. United States v. Hernandez, 779 F.2d 456 (8th Cir.1985); United States v. Sloan, 30 M.J. 741 (A.F.C.M.R.), petition denied, 32 M.J. 41 (C.M.A.1990).
Our first task is to determine whether counsel’s behavior amounted to prosecutorial misconduct. The specific instances of conduct by the TC found to be improper by the military judge fall into the broad category of attempting to limit defense access to witnesses through intimidating or improperly influencing the witnesses. The military judge found, and we agree, that the TC’s comment to defense witness (B) — to the effect that he would risk court-martial himself should he appear to testify at the appellant’s court-martial — was inappropriate.4 Whether or [678]*678not the comment was calculated to intimidate the witness, it is clear that it was likely to do so.5 Similarly, the TC’s off-hand comment to the assembled defense witnesses that the appellant was trying to “worm” his way out of court-martial was improper. It conveyed her negative, personal, and totally irrelevant opinion of the appellant to witnesses called to testify on his behalf and had the potential to improperly influence their testimony. While the TC’s behavior may not have violated the literal words of the rule for professional conduct that concerns fairness to opposing party and counsel, it was certainly not consistent with the spirit behind the rule. See Rule 3.4, Rules for Professional Conduct, Judge Advocate General Instruction 5803.1 of 26 October 87.
We now must address the issue of prejudice.6 We note that the appellant pleaded guilty pursuant to a pretrial agreement and called no witnesses during the presentencing portion of his court-martial. In view of the military judge’s thorough “cleansing” of the potential witnesses of any possible ill effect of the TC’s comments to them, the witnesses’ assurances on the record that they would testify truthfully if called, the fact that the TC was ultimately replaced, and finally, the fact that the appellant chose not to call any of the witnesses to testify on his behalf, we find that he was not denied a fair trial or caused to suffer any other form of prejudice by the improprieties of the TC. Accordingly, this assignment of error has no merit. Likewise, the remaining assignment of error has been decided adversely to the appellant’s position. United States v. Mitchell, 39 M.J. 131 (C.M.A.1994).
Before we leave this case, we feel compelled to comment upon the unfavorable impression of Navy judge advocates at work arising from the pretrial turmoil in this case. As part of his motion to dismiss for prosecutorial misconduct, the defense introduced evidence of the scene described in the opening paragraphs of this opinion where the DC and TC in apparent agreement disparaged the pretrial efforts of the CDC in the presence of the appellant and his wife. Record at 202-204. Aside from the basic rudeness in this scenario, what concerns us is the impression an accused (not to mention other interested observers) is left with after seeing the counsel assigned to defend him and the counsel assigned to prosecute him join together to castigate his civilian counsel. Even if his dissatisfaction with co-counsel were fully justified, the detailed defense counsel was totally out of line in airing his disagreement publicly and in company with the TC. It is difficult enough under normal conditions at some of the smaller offices in the Naval Legal Service Command to maintain the appearance of loyalty to opposing clients and to disabuse observers of the appearance of collusion that can arise when opposing counsel work side by side. Incidents like this only undermine the otherwise vigilant and sensitive efforts of our fine young judge advocates to remain true to their representational [679]*679duties in accordance with the rules of professional conduct.
Accordingly, the findings of guilty and sentence, as approved on review below, are affirmed.
Senior Judge WELCH concurs.