United States v. McHatton

266 F. 602, 1 A.F.T.R. (P-H) 1205, 1 U.S. Tax Cas. (CCH) 35, 1920 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 1079, 1 A.F.T.R. (RIA) 1205

• Court: District Court, D. Montana
• Decided: May 6, 1920
• Docket: No. 301
• Status: Published

Opinion

BOURQUIN, District Judge.

The complaint alleges that a Montana corporation sold all its property, distributed the proceeds to stockholders, including defendants, thereby became dissolved, reported its net income for 1916, and paid the federal excise tax of 1 per cent., thereon, all prior to the act of Congress of September 8, 1916 (Comp. Stats. § 6336j et seq.), imposing a tax of 2 per cent, upon the net income for that year of all corporations. It alleges the additional 1 per cent, has been demanded and is unpaid, and seeks judgment for that amount. A general demurrer only is interposed. Overruled.

It was the corporation’s duty to pay all taxes lawfully imposed upon it. Taxes can be thus imposed by retrospective law. Brushaber v. Railway Co., 240 U. S. 20, 36 Sup. Ct. 236, 60 L. Ed. 493, Ann. Cas. 1917B, 713, L. R. A. 1917D, 414. The corporate duty of payment cannot be escaped by dissolution. U. S. v. Loading Co. (D. C.) 192 Fed. 223. And see 28 Op. Attys. Gen. 241; Brady Case, 240 Fed. 665, 153 C. C. A. 463, certiorari denied 244 U. S. 654, 37 Sup. Ct. 652, 61 L. Ed. 1373.

Although taxes are not debts, and in respect to them the government is not a creditor, both being of higher ..nature, no reason is perceived why they are not within the principle that those who gratuitously take all a debtor’s property, to the extent thereof, may be held to respond for his present debts and obligations, inchoate or vested, or for the damages thereby inflicted — the sometime “trust fund” doctrine, so far as corporations are concerned.

When defendants took the corporation’s property, there was right in plaintiff to thereafter impose further taxes. To pay any such taxes was then an obligation of the corporation. The right was in its nature inchoate; the obligation was contingent. Defendants took subject thereto. The contingency happened; the right vested. The act of. September 8, 1916, to this extent takes effect by relation as of the first of the year, and prior, to distribution and dissolution.

Accordingly defendants are liable.