United States v. McCurry

220 F. App'x 411
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit
DecidedMarch 21, 2007
Docket06-5470, 06-5471
StatusUnpublished
Cited by1 cases

This text of 220 F. App'x 411 (United States v. McCurry) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. McCurry, 220 F. App'x 411 (6th Cir. 2007).

Opinion

KENNEDY, Circuit Judge.

Mark McCurry (hereinafter “defendant”) seeks review of two concurrent 70-month sentences ordered by the district court, asserting that the district court erred (1) in granting a two-level enhancement pursuant to § 2D1.1(b)(1) of the United States Sentencing Guidelines and (2) in affording insufficient consideration to the sentencing factors enumerated within 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). We affirm the district court.

BACKGROUND

On December 28, 2005, defendant pled guilty to counts of uttering counterfeit obligations and dealing in counterfeit obligations in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 471 and 473 and to two counts of possession of a controlled substance with intent to distribute in violation of 21 U.S.C. § 841(a)(1). The counterfeiting charges were in one indictment and the drug charges in another. A sentencing hearing was conducted on March 28, 2006, at which defendant objected to the inclusion of a two-level enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2Dl.l(b)(l) for possession of a firearm in connection with the July 25, 2005, drug trafficking offense. Officers had recovered a .32 caliber revolver loaded with five bullets from underneath the mattress in defendant’s bedroom and found crack cocaine, powder cocaine, marijuana, and a digital scale in the top drawer of the dresser in the same bedroom. McCurry protested the enhancement, testifying that his firearm possession was not in relation to the drugs but rather was an attempt to protect himself and his family, who had been threatened. Additionally, McCurry argued that a shorter sentence would have been appropriate and adequate in light of the misdemeanor nature of his past offenses. The district court rejected these arguments and, finding that the probation officer’s Guidelines calculations were correct, sentenced the defendant on both cases to 70 months, to run concurrently, and to three years of supervised release. When sentencing the defendant, the judge expressed his opinion that “the guidelines [were] too low because of the counterfeiting conviction getting lost in all th[e] calculation.” Nevertheless, he still sentenced the defendant within the Guidelines, albeit near the high end of the 57-to-71-month range. Defendant appeals his concurrent sentences.

ANALYSIS

On appeal, defendant argues that the district court erred in finding that he failed to rebut the presumption that he possessed the firearm that was recovered from his bedroom in connection with the July 25, 2005, controlled substance offense. This enhancement raised what would otherwise be a Guidelines range of 46-to-57-months to 57-to-71-months. This court reviews for clear error a district court’s factual finding that a defendant possessed a firearm during the commission of a drug trafficking offense. United States v. Davidson, 409 F.3d 304, 310 (6th Cir.2005). Defendant also asserts that his sentence is unreasonable because the court imposed it “without regard to any sentencing factor other than the Guideline incarceration range,” contrary to the post -Booker mandate to consider other sentencing factors contained within 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). A district court’s sentencing determination is reviewed for reasonableness. United States v. Booker, 543 U.S. 220, 261, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005). Our study of the sentencing hearing transcript indicates that the district judge engaged in a thorough and appropriate review of the *413 U.S.S.G. § 2Dl.l(b)(l) sentencing enhancement and the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) statutory factors, and thus neither of defendant’s grounds for appeal have merit.

I.

Defendant argues that the district court erred in applying a two-level sentencing enhancement pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 2Dl.l(b)(l) because the government did not satisfy its burden in proving that “the weapon was present [and] it is [not] clearly improbable that the weapon was connected with the offense.” U.S.S.G. § 2D1.1 cmt. n. 3. Past cases outline a two-part process for the application of this enhancement provision. First, the government must show by a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant possessed a firearm while committing a drug trafficking offense. United States v. Solorio, 337 F.3d 580, 599 (6th Cir.2003). Second, if the government is successful in that showing, the burden then shifts to the defendant to show that it is clearly improbable that the weapon was connected to the offense. Id. McCurry concedes that “the government met its initial burden [by] showing that the firearm was located in the bedroom with the defendant” and that “the drugs were in the night-stand and the gun was stored underneath the mattress.” Defendant asserts that he rebutted the presumption of possession of the weapon in relation to the drug trafficking offense with his testimony that he and his family had been living in fear of a violent attack by a suspected murderer and that the gun was not stored with the drugs. However, the presentation of an alternative theory for possession of the gun does not render connection of the gun to the drugs “clearly improbable.” See United States v. McGhee, 882 F.2d 1095, 1100 (6th Cir.1989). This circuit’s jurisprudence also indicates that a “defendant’s mere possession of a weapon during narcotics commerce ... triggers] the section 2Dl.l(b)(l) enhancement because the possibility existed that the defendant would have used the gun during the drug transaction had he thought it necessary.” United States v. Dunlap, 209 F.3d 472, 478-79 (6th Cir.2000) (internal citation omitted). Here, defendant admitted to possession of a firearm kept in the same room as the drugs, and that firearm was loaded. The district judge considered McCurry’s protection explanation and appropriately concluded that “one can come into possession of a gun for a perfectly legitimate reason and still use it or have it available for use during a drug trafficking crime.” He went on to postulate reasonably that “[i]f someone had come in to purchase these drugs that Mr. McCurry admitted he intended to distribute, and they wouldn’t pay him, ... Mr. McCurry [clearly would] have been able to ... reach[] under the mattress and g[et] the firearm to make them pay for the drugs.” Thus, the judge’s application of § 2Dl.l(b)(l) to enhance defendant’s sentence was not in clear error.

II.

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Bluebook (online)
220 F. App'x 411, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-mccurry-ca6-2007.