United States v. Martinez-Alfaro

171 F. App'x 483

Opinion

ON REMAND FROM THE UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT

PER CURIAM: *

This matter is before us on remand from the United States Supreme Court for reconsideration in light of its recent opinion in United States v. Booker. 1 At our request, Defendant-Appellant Francisco Martinez-Alfaro has submitted a supplemental letter brief addressing the impact of Booker, to which the Government has responded with a motion to reinstate our prior affirmance of his conviction and sentence. Martinez-Alfaro opposes the Government’s motion. For the following reasons, we find that Booker does not affect Martinez-Alfaro’s sentence.

I. BACKGROUND

Martinez-Alfaro pled guilty to and was convicted of being in the United States unlawfully following deportation, in violation of 8 U.S.C. § 1326. This offense carries a maximum penalty of two years’ imprisonment and one year of supervised release. Martinez-Alfaro had a prior conviction for aggravated sexual assault, which under § 1326(b) triggered an increase in the statutory maximum term of imprisonment and supervised release. The district court imposed a sentence of 57 months’ imprisonment to be followed by three years’ supervised release. Martinez-Alfaro objected to the sentence on the ground that it exceeded the statutory maximum, which objection the district court overruled.

Martinez-Alfaro appealed his conviction and sentence, arguing that because the indictment did not state a § 1326(b) offense because it did not allege a prior conviction, his sentence exceeded the statutory maximum in violation of the Constitution. In his brief on appeal MartinezAlfaro acknowledged that his arguments were foreclosed by precedent, but raised them only to preserve them for possible review by the Supreme Court. We affirmed the conviction and sentence in an unpublished opinion. 2 Martinez-Alfaro then petitioned the United States Supreme Court for a writ of certiorari. After Booker was decided, Martinez — Alfaro submitted a supplemental petition for certiorari in which he challenged his mandatory Guideline sentence. As noted above, the Supreme Court vacated the judgment and remanded to this court for further consideration in light of Booker.

II. DISCUSSION

A. Standard of Review

Martinez-Alfaro raised his Booker claim for the first time in his supplemental petition for certiorari. Therefore, we will not review his Booker claim absent “extraordinary circumstances.” 3 The extraordinary circumstances standard is more demanding than the plain error review that we employ when a defendant has raised his Booker claim for the first time on appeal. 4 Therefore, if a defendant cannot satisfy the plain error standard, he certainly cannot satisfy the extraordinary circumstances standard. 5 As Martinez-Alfaro’s claim does not survive plain error review, we need not address the question of extraordinary circumstances.

Under plain error review, we will not remand for resentencing unless there is “(1) error, (2) that is plain, and (3) that affects substantial rights.” 6 If the circumstances meet all three criteria, we may exercise our discretion to notice the error, but only if it “seriously affects the fairness, integrity, or public reputation of judicial proceedings.” 7 Since Booker, sentencing under mandatory Guidelines (1) constitutes error, and (2) that error is plain. 8 Whether the error affects substantial rights is a more complex inquiry in which the defendant bears the burden of proof. He carries his burden if he can “demonstrate a probability ‘sufficient to undermine confidence in the outcome.”’ 9 The defendant demonstrates such a probability when he identifies from the record an indication that the sentencing judge would have reached a significantly different result under an advisory Guidelines scheme. 10

B. Merits

In his supplemental letter brief, Martinez-Alfaro concedes that “the district court made no particular remarks disagreeing with the requirements of the mandatory guidelines,” or otherwise indicating that it would have sentenced him differently under an advisory Guidelines scheme. Instead, Martinez-Alfaro calls to our attention “mitigating circumstances surrounding [his] illegal reentry offense that support a finding of a reasonable likelihood of a lower sentence,” and notes after reviewing these mitigating circumstances that the district court imposed the lowest Guideline sentence.

In United States v. Bringier, we held that “[t]he fact that the sentencing judge imposed the minimum sentence under the Guideline range ... alone is no indication that the judge would have reached a different conclusion under an advisory scheme.” 11 In his supplemental letter brief, Martinez-Alfaro attempts to distinguish Bringier from his case based on factual differences. But these differences — for example, that Bringier was a “large-scale drug trafficker” while Martinez-Alfaro was “an illegal alien who merely crossed the border” — have no bearing whatsoever on the question whether we may infer from a Guideline-minimum sentence that the defendant would have been sentenced differently under an advisory scheme. The significance of any factual differences is, of course, borne out in the sentences imposed: Bringier was sentenced to a Guideline-minimum 30 years’ imprisonment, compared to Martinez-Alfaro’s 57 months’. Yet, in neither case may we conclude that the district court would have imposed a lesser sentence under an advisory scheme. Martinez-Alfaro’s attempt to distinguish Bringier is simply unconvincing. As he fails to demonstrate from the record that his sentence would have been significantly different under an advisory Guidelines scheme, he has not carried his burden to establish error affecting substantial rights. Martinez-Alfaro next expresses his disagreement with our application of the plain error standard, as articulated in Mares, in order to preserve a challenge for possible Supreme Court review. Mares is the settled law of this circuit, however, and we may revisit it only en banc or following a Supreme Court decision that effectively overturns it.

As Martinez-Alfaro has failed to satisfy plain error review, we do not reach his argument that error in his sentencing seriously affected the fairness, integrity and public reputation of the proceedings.

III. CONCLUSION

As there exist no extraordinary circumstances or other grounds for relief, Martinez-Alfaro’s sentence is AFFIRMED. The Government’s motion to reinstate our prior affirmance is DENIED as moot.

* Pursuant to 5th Cir. R. 47.5, the court has determined that this opinion should not be published and is not precedent except under the limited circumstances set forth in 5th Cir. R. 47.5.4.

1 . 543 U.S. 220, 125 S.Ct. 738, 160 L.Ed.2d 621 (2005).

2 . United. States v. Martinez-Alfaro, 110 Fed.Appx. 430 (5th Cir.2004) (unpublished opinion).

3 . United States v. Taylor, 409 F.3d 675, 676 (5th Cir.2005).

4 . Id.

5 . Id.

6 . United States v. Cotton, 535 U.S. 625, 631, 122 S.Ct. 1781, 152 L.Ed.2d 860 (2002).

7 . Id.

8 . United States v. Mares, 402 F.3d 511, 521 (5th Cir.2005).

9 . Id. (quoting United States v. Dominguez Benitez, 542 U.S. 74, 124 S.Ct. 2333, 159 L.Ed.2d 157 (2004)).

10 . Id. at 522.

11 . 405 F.3d 310, 318 n. 4 (5th Cir.2005) (citing Mares, 402 F.3d at 521-22).