United States v. Kristina Thomas

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Second Circuit
DecidedMay 5, 2015
Docket14-1271
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States v. Kristina Thomas (United States v. Kristina Thomas) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Kristina Thomas, (2d Cir. 2015).

Opinion

14‐1271 United States of America v. Kristina Thomas

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1. WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New York, on the 5th day of May, two thousand fifteen.

PRESENT: AMALYA L. KEARSE, BARRINGTON D. PARKER, RICHARD C. WESLEY, Circuit Judges. ____________________________________________

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Appellee,

‐v.‐ No. 14‐1271

KRISTINA THOMAS,

Defendant‐Appellant. ____________________________________________

For Appellee: JOSEPH J. KARASZEWSKI, Assistant United States Attorney, for William J.

1 Hochul, Jr., United States Attorney for the Western District of New York, Buffalo, NY.

For Defendant‐Appellant: CHERYL MEYERS‐BUTH, Murphy Meyers LLP, Orchard Park, NY.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of New York (Arcara, J.).

UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED,

ADJUDGED AND DECREED that the judgment is AFFIRMED.

Defendant‐Appellant Kristina Thomas (“Thomas”) was charged, in a two‐

count indictment, with bank fraud, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1344 and 2, and

aggravated identify theft, in violation of 18 U.S.C. §§ 1028A(a)(1) and 2. On

August 29, 2012, Thomas was convicted after a jury trial of both counts of the

indictment. Following her conviction, but before her sentencing, Thomas sent a

number of letters to the court complaining that her trial counsel had been

ineffective. The district court relieved trial counsel from the case and appointed

Thomas’s current counsel.

On August 2, 2013, Thomas filed a motion pursuant to Federal Rule of

Criminal Procedure 33 requesting that the district court vacate her conviction

and grant her a new trial. She claimed that her trial counsel was ineffective by 1)

failing to explain that a sentence of 24 months’ imprisonment was statutorily

2 mandated upon conviction of aggravated identity theft in addition to any other

sentence and that acceptance of the plea offer would have avoided that

mandatory sentence; 2) failing to sufficiently investigate the charges and

interview potential witnesses; 3) engaging another attorney to help him at trial;

and 4) failing to object to, and actively pursuing, testimony concerning Thomas’s

sexual orientation. The district court denied the motion on February 24, 2014.

Thomas was later sentenced principally to a term of 32 months’ imprisonment

and three years of supervised release, and she timely appealed. Because the

district court ordered Thomas remanded pending sentencing due to allegations

of witness tampering, she completed her term of incarceration while this appeal

was pending and was released on December 19, 2014. See Federal Bureau of

Prisons Inmate Locator, available at http://www.bop.gov/inmateloc/. On appeal,

Thomas argues that the district court should have conducted an evidentiary

hearing in connection with her claim that her lawyer was ineffective with regard

to the plea offer and that the district court erred in denying her Rule 33 motion to

vacate the conviction.

A defendant’s claim for ineffective assistance of counsel is evaluated

pursuant to Strickland v. Washington, 466 U.S. 668 (1984). To establish ineffective

3 assistance, a defendant must (1) show that counselʹs representation “fell below

an objective standard of reasonableness,” and (2) “affirmatively prove prejudice”

by showing that “there is a reasonable probability that, but for counselʹs

unprofessional errors, the result of the proceeding would have been different.”

Id. at 688, 693–94. The standard for evaluating the adequacy of counselʹs

representation is “a most deferential one,” Harrington v. Richter, 562 U.S. 86, 105

(2011), since “counsel is strongly presumed to have rendered adequate assistance

and made all significant decisions in the exercise of reasonable professional

judgment,” Strickland, 466 U.S. at 690.

We first review Thomas’s claim that the district court erred in not

providing an evidentiary hearing in connection with her claim that her lawyer

was ineffective with regard to advising her about the plea offer. This Court has

held that in cases where the judge who tried the case holds a “limited hearing,”

which includes a review of letters, documentary evidence, and affidavits, “the

determination of whether the hearing was sufficient is reviewed for an abuse of

discretion.” Puglisi v. United States, 586 F.3d 209, 215 (2d Cir. 2009) (citing Chang

v. United States, 250 F.3d 79, 82, 85–86 (2d Cir. 2001)). A hearing on a Rule 33

motion is not always required, but we have noted that one is sometimes

4 necessary to provide a sufficient record for us to review the ineffective assistance

claim on the merits. See United States v. Brown, 623 F.3d 104, 114–15 (2d Cir.

2010). Here, the limited hearing, held by the district court on the basis of

affidavits and unsworn factual declarations, was plainly sufficient. Because

Thomas failed to provide any sworn statement of her own, a full evidentiary

hearing “would be fruitless,” Puglisi, 586 F.3d at 218.

With regard to the performance prong of the Strickland analysis, Thomas

did not present any evidence that her trial counsel failed to explain to her the

government’s plea offer. Her trial counsel’s affidavit stated that he “discussed

the terms of the government’s proposed plea” with Thomas, “including

specifically that the government’s plea proposal . . . would enable [Thomas] to

avoid the mandatory 24 month consecutive sentence” on Count 2 of the

indictment. J.A. 805–06. The affidavit of Thomas’s mother and the unsworn

declarations from family members in support of the Rule 33 motion indicated

that they were not present for any discussions regarding the government’s plea

offer, but did not establish that Thomas did not participate in any such

discussions with her trial counsel. And no affidavit or declaration by Thomas

was submitted.

5 Nor did Thomas meet her burden under the prejudice prong, which

requires that she demonstrate her intent to take the plea offer, see Puglisi, 586 F.3d

at 218.

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Related

United States v. Rigas
583 F.3d 108 (Second Circuit, 2009)
Strickland v. Washington
466 U.S. 668 (Supreme Court, 1984)
United States v. Caracappa
614 F.3d 30 (Second Circuit, 2010)
United States v. Brown
623 F.3d 104 (Second Circuit, 2010)
Harrington v. Richter
131 S. Ct. 770 (Supreme Court, 2011)
Bennett v. United States
663 F.3d 71 (Second Circuit, 2011)
John Chang v. United States
250 F.3d 79 (Second Circuit, 2001)
Puglisi v. United States
586 F.3d 209 (Second Circuit, 2009)

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United States v. Kristina Thomas, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-kristina-thomas-ca2-2015.