United States v. King

4 M.J. 785, 1977 CMR LEXIS 622
CourtU.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review
DecidedDecember 8, 1977
DocketNCM 77 1399
StatusPublished
Cited by4 cases

This text of 4 M.J. 785 (United States v. King) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. King, 4 M.J. 785, 1977 CMR LEXIS 622 (usnmcmilrev 1977).

Opinions

DUNBAR, Senior Judge:

Appellant was tried at Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina, on 20, 21 and 22 April 1977 by a general court-martial convened by Commanding General, Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune, North Carolina. He was charged with involuntary manslaughter, in violation of Article 119, Uniform Code of Military Justice, 10 U.S.C. § 919 and one specification each of drunken driving and operating a vehicle in a wanton manner, both in violation of Article 111, Uniform Code of Military Justice. Prior to receiving appellant’s pleas, the military judge, on motion of the defense, dismissed the two specifications laid under Article 111, Uniform Code of Military Justice, for want of proper investigation. To the remaining charge and its specification, appellant pleaded not guilty. The members found him not guilty of a violation of Article 119, Uniform Code of Military Justice, but guilty of the lesser included offense of negligent homicide, in violation of Article 134, Uniform Code of Military Justice. Appellant was sentenced by the members to a bad conduct discharge and to be reduced to E-l.

After trial, on 27 May 1977, trial defense counsel submitted a petition for clemency to the convening authority requesting that the bad conduct discharge be disapproved and further requesting a reevaluation of appellant’s removal from noncommissioned officer status. Notwithstanding, the convening authority approved the sentence as adjudged.

The charges of which appellant was found guilty arose from a head-on automobile collision occurring at 2100, on 2 December 1976. The prosecution charged that appellant, while intoxicated, weaved across the center line of the highway, and struck another vehicle, killing the driver.

Appellant’s first three assignments of error allege that homicide through negligence is not an offense under the Code; there is no proof that the conduct of appellant was to the prejudice of good order and discipline; and the court-martial was without jurisdiction because the convening authority had expressed an opinion of appellant’s guilt prior to the conclusion of the Article 32 investigation. In his brief, appellant presents no arguments or cites any cases in support of his contentions. Nevertheless, we conclude that homicide through negligence is an offense under the Code. Paragraph 213f(12), Manual for Courts-Martial, United States, 1969 (Re[787]*787vised edition) states that “negligent homicide is any unlawful homicide which is the result of simple negligence.” Additionally, we conclude as a matter of law that negligent homicide under the circumstances of this case is prejudicial to good order and discipline. The third assignment of error arises because the convening authority endorsed a JAG MANUAL investigation into the death of the driver of the other vehicle. Appellant asserts that this rendered the convening authority an accuser.

Here, the convening authority merely endorsed an investigation into the death of a member of the command. He acted in his official capacity on the basis of information then available to him. There is no indication that his interest in the case was any more than an official interest in the good order of his command or that he strongly held the opinions of the drafter of the second endorsement to the investigation. The convening authority was neither a witness, victim, nor participant in the alleged offense. There is no indication that he was acquainted with the victim. There is no more than a routine endorsement for the convening authority’s command, signed by direction, made pursuant to the JAG MANUAL to show any prior connection with this case. Although appellant does not cite any precedents in support of his position, those examples presented by the Government where the convening authority became an accuser are readily distinguishable. There is little question that the convening authority in this case was acting in an administrative capacity in taking action on the investigation. In this connection, we note that the convening authority was advised in the staff judge advocate review of his powers and responsibilities in taking action on the record of trial. These powers and responsibilities are clearly distinguishable from the convening authority’s administrative responsibilities as far as approving a line-of-duty misconduct investigation.

Appellant, in his fourth assignment, asserts that the convening authority was disqualified to review the record of trial because he had formally expressed his disbelief of the defense theory of the ease prior to trial. As indicated before, the facts show that the convening authority had endorsed a line-of-duty/misconduct investigation concerning the death of the victim and injuries suffered by appellant. In the endorsement, the convening authority noted that the victim was apparently intoxicated and driving in excess of the posted speed limit, but those were not factors in the course of the accident. The endorsement also stated that before the accident appellant’s driving had been witnessed by occupants of a following car. They asserted that appellant’s car ran off and then back on the road, weaved across the center lane forcing two oncoming cars off the road, ran off the road again, re-entered the road, again crossed the center line and then struck the victim’s car head-on.

At trial, the defense sought to establish: (1) that the condition of the road where the accident occurred was the primary causative factor of the accident; (2) that the victim was quite intoxicated; and (3) that the victim had crossed over into appellant’s lane causing appellant to go off the road, that appellant thereupon attempted to negotiate the sunken shoulder to regain the road, and that in doing so, his truck was hurled against the victim’s vehicle. Nevertheless, the court members chose not to believe the defense theory of the case.

Appellant asserts, essentially, that the convening authority, having previously expressed opinions concerning the case in his endorsement on the investigative report, could not act impartially; citing United States v. Hill, 6 U.S.C.M.A. 599, 20 C.M.R. 315 (1956) and United States v. White, 10 U.S.C.M.A. 63, 27 C.M.R. 137 (1958). Furthermore, he states that the Court of Military Appeals has repeatedly reaffirmed its holding in White, to wit: that when a convening authority takes certain action or makes certain statements concerning the subject of a court-martial, thereby rendering the likelihood of an unbiased, fair and impartial review improbable, that convening authority is disqualified from taking any action with respect to the record of [788]*788that court-martial; citing United States v. Marks, 19 U.S.C.M.A. 389, 41 C.M.R. 390 (1970); United States v. Donati, 14 U.S.C.M.A. 235, 241, 34 C.M.R. 15, 21 (1963); United States v. Winborn, 14 U.S.C.M.A. 277, 280, 34 C.M.R. 57, 60 (1963); United States v. Howard, 23 U.S.C.M.A. 187, 48 C.M.R. 939 (1974); and United States v. Jackson, 3 M.J. 153 (C.M.A.1977). Nevertheless, we conclude that although it may have been wiser for the convening authority not to have endorsed the investigation, we see no evidence showing any predisposition or personal interest in the case on the part of the convening authority. The endorsement was a routine administrative act, entirely separable from the discretion and judgment he was bound to utilize in acting on the record of trial.

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Bluebook (online)
4 M.J. 785, 1977 CMR LEXIS 622, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-king-usnmcmilrev-1977.