United States v. Jonathan Silva

443 F.3d 795, 2006 WL 708340
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit
DecidedMarch 22, 2006
Docket05-13568
StatusPublished
Cited by158 cases

This text of 443 F.3d 795 (United States v. Jonathan Silva) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Eleventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Jonathan Silva, 443 F.3d 795, 2006 WL 708340 (11th Cir. 2006).

Opinion

PER CURIAM:

Jonathan Silva appeals the 24-month sentence imposed after revocation of his probation. Silva’s probation was originally imposed after he admitted to violating the Federal Juvenile Delinquency Act, 18 U.S.C. §§ 5031-5042, for committing aggravated sexual abuse, 18 U.S.C. § 2241(a)(1), on national park grounds. At that time, Silva was seventeen years old. Almdst two years later, Silva’s probation officer filed an order to show cause why Silva’s probation should not be revoked. After a hearing, the court modified Silva’s probation to include taking a cognitive skills class and wearing an electronic monitor for 180 days. However, six months later, in March 2005, the court modified Silva’s probation again after he failed to attend the class. Finally, in June 2005, the district court held a revocation hearing after the probation officer alleged that Silva did not wear the electronic monitoring device, used illegal drugs, failed to report for drug testing, and failed to submit a truthful monthly supervision report. Silva was nineteen at the time of the hearing. After Silva admitted to the violations at the hearing, the court sentenced him to 24 months’ imprisonment, although Chapter 7 recommended a sentence within the three to nine month range.

I.

Silva contends that the district court improperly considered his age at the time of re-sentencing, rather than his age at the time he originally received probation, when it imposed a sentence which extended beyond his 21st birthday, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 5037. We review the interpretation of a statute, a question of law, de novo. United States v. Pistone, 177 F.3d 957, 958 (11th Cir.1999).

Title 18 of the United States Code, § 5037 delineates the appropriate terms of probation or official detention for juveniles adjudged delinquent. 18 U.S.C. § 5037(b), *797 (c). 1 The length of probation or detention depends on the age of the juvenile. For instance, a term of official detention for a juvenile delinquent “who is less than eighteen years old” may not extend beyond the lesser of “the date when the juvenile becomes twenty-one years old” or the relevant maximum term of imprisonment that would apply “if the juvenile had been tried and convicted as an adult.” § 5037(c)(1). In the case of a juvenile “who is between eighteen and twenty-one years old,” and if convicted as an adult would be convicted of a Class A, B or C felony, the term of detention in the pre-amended version of § 5037 may not extend beyond five years. § 5037(c)(2)(A). 2

We have not previously addressed the issue of whether § 5037(c) refers to the defendant’s age at the time of the original sentencing or at the time of the revocation hearing. This becomes important in cases such as this one, where the defendant was under eighteen at the time of the offense but over eighteen at the time of the revocation.

The rules of statutory construction guide us in deciding this issue. “The first rule in statutory construction is to *798 determine whether the language at issue has a plain and unambiguous meaning with regard to the particular dispute. If the statute’s meaning is plain and unambiguous, there is no need for further inquiry.” United States v. Fisher, 289 F.3d 1329, 1337-38 (11th Cir.2002) (internal quotation and citation omitted). Further, we will not “look at one word or term in isolation, but instead [will] look to the entire statutory context.” United States v. DBB, Inc., 180 F.3d 1277, 1281 (11th Cir.1999). Finally, we should not interpret a statute in a manner inconsistent with the plain language of the statute, unless doing so would lead to an absurd result. United States v. Weaver, 275 F.3d 1320, 1331 (11th Cir. 2001).

Two Circuits have already addressed this issue. The Eighth Circuit relied upon the plain meaning of this statute and held that it applies to the defendant’s age at the time of the revocation hearing and not at the time of the imposition of the original sentence. See United States v. K.R.A., 337 F.3d 970 (8th Cir. 2003).

The statute plainly states, using the present tense, that the relevant maximum term for official detention shall be based upon a juvenile “who is less than eighteen” or “who is between eighteen and twenty-one.” [§ 5037(c) (emphasis added)] This same present tense language is used in determining the length of a term of probation. [§ 5037(b)] The statute does not refer to the age the juvenile was when she committed the original offense or when she was originally placed on probation.

Id. at 977. In United States v. A Female Juvenile, 103 F.3d 14 (5th Cir.1996), the Fifth Circuit similarly relied upon the plain language of the statute. The court held that an interpretation that the statute applied to the defendant’s age at the time of the original offense would lead to an absurd result: “It is nonsensical to suppose that as a defendant draws nearer the age of twenty-one, the allowable penalty that a court may impose for violation of probation shrinks correspondingly.” 103 F.3d at 17.

We agree with our sister circuits that the plain language of the statute governs, and that Silva’s age at the time of the revocation hearing is the correct age to use when determining the maximum term of official detention under § 5037(c). Thus, the district court did not err.

II.

Silva also argues that the district court abused its discretion in imposing a sentence above the recommended Chapter 7 guidelines range, U.S.S.G. § 7B1.4. We review a district court’s decision to exceed the Chapter 7 recommended guidelines range for an abuse of discretion. United States v. Aguillard, 217 F.3d 1319, 1320 (11th Cir.2000).

The version of § 5037(b) at issue indicates that § 3565, governing revocation of probation, applies to juvenile probation orders. 3 Under that statute, a district court, upon finding that a defendant violated probation, may revoke the term of probation and impose a term of imprisonment after considering the factors set out in 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a). 18 U.S.C.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
443 F.3d 795, 2006 WL 708340, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-jonathan-silva-ca11-2006.