United States v. Jackson-Randolph

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided February 22, 2002·No. 00-1073·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21  8QLWHG6WDWHVYsDFNVRQ5DQGROSK 1R 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU

7KDWsDFNVRQ5DQGROSKZDVQHYHUSHUVRQDOO\VHUYHGZLWKWKH )LOH 1DPH DS

DIILGDYLWVRILQWHUHVWDJDLQVWWKHSURSHUWLHVDQGWKDWVKHGLGQRW UHFHLYH DFWXDO QRWLFH RI WKH LQWHUHVW EHIRUH H[HFXWLQJ WKH TXLWFODLPGHHGVLVQRWGLVSRVLWLYHsDFNVRQ5DQGROSKLVDQ 81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 DWWRUQH\DQGLWLVUHDVRQDEOHWRLPSXWHWRKHUWKHNQRZOHGJH )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 WKDWDFRQYLFWLRQDQGWKHLPSRVLWLRQRIDILQHRUUHVWLWXWLRQ BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB FRXOGOHDGWRSURSHUW\IRUIHLWXUH/LNHZLVHDVDQDWWRUQH\VKH ZRXOG NQRZ WKDW D TXLWFODLP GHHG WR KHU KHUVHOI DQG KHU KXVEDQGDVWHQDQWVE\WKHHQWLUHW\ZRXOGPDNHVXFKIRUIHLWXUH GLIILFXOW  7KH GLVWULFW FRXUW GLG QRW HUU LQ PDNLQJ DQ 81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$ ; HQKDQFHPHQWIRUREVWUXFWLRQRIMXVWLFH 3ODLQWLII$SSHOOHH   sDFNVRQ5DQGROSK VHQKDQFHPHQWIRUREVWUXFWLRQRIMXVWLFH  1R ZLOOEHDIILUPHG Y  !  ,; 0$5,( $172,1(77(  s$&.6215$1'2/3+  )RUWKHIRUHJRLQJUHDVRQVWKHMXGJPHQWRIFRQYLFWLRQDQG DOODVSHFWVRIWKHVHQWHQFLQJRWKHUWKDQWKHLPSRVLWLRQRIWKH 'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW  PLOOLRQILQHDUH$)),50('7KHFDVHLV5(0$1'('  WR WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW IRU IXUWKHU ILQGLQJV FRQFHUQLQJ WKH 1 LPSRVLWLRQRIWKHILQH $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQDW'HWURLW 1Rn/DZUHQFH3=DWNRII&KLHI'LVWULFWsXGJH $UJXHG2FWREHU 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG)HEUXDU\ %HIRUH%2**6DQG*,/0$1&LUFXLWsXGJHV48,67 'LVWULFWsXGJH

7KH +RQRUDEOH *RUGRQ s 4XLVW 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH :HVWHUQ 'LVWULFW RI 0LFKLJDQ VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

  8QLWHG6WDWHVYsDFNVRQ5DQGROSK 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVYsDFNVRQ5DQGROSK 

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s FRQFXUULQJ FLWLQJ WKH 23,1,21 6XSUHPH &RXUW V %XIRUG GHFLVLRQ IRU FOHDU HUURU VWDQGDUG BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB ZKHQUHYLHZLQJDGLVWULFWFRXUW VDSSOLFDWLRQRIDVHQWHQFLQJ JXLGHOLQH ,WLVZHOOVHWWOHGWKDWZHRYHUWXUQDFRXUW VIDFWXDO *25'21 s 48,67 'LVWULFW sXGJH  0DULH $QWRLQHWWH ILQGLQJVLQUHJDUGWRWKH6HQWHQFLQJ*XLGHOLQHVRQO\LIWKH\ sDFNVRQ5DQGROSKDSSHDOVKHUFRQYLFWLRQIRUFRQVSLUDF\WR DUHFOHDUO\HUURQHRXV8QLWHG 6WDWHVY%UDZQHU)G FRPPLW SURJUDP IUDXG DQG PDLO IUDXG LQ YLRODWLRQ RI   WK&LU :HFRQFOXGHWKDWWKHFOHDUHUURU 86& †  SURJUDP IUDXG LQ YLRODWLRQ RI  86& VWDQGDUG LV DOVR DSSURSULDWH IRU UHYLHZLQJ VHQWHQFLQJ †  J  PDLO IUDXG LQ YLRODWLRQ RI  86& †  GHFLVLRQV XQGHU † & ZKHUH WKH VROH LVVXH EHIRUH WKH HPEH]]OHPHQWFRQYHUVLRQRIRUPRUHIURPDSURJUDP GLVWULFW FRXUW LV D IDFWERXQG DSSOLFDWLRQ RI WKH JXLGHOLQH UHFHLYLQJIHGHUDOIXQGVLQYLRODWLRQRI86&†DQG SURYLVLRQV PRQH\ ODXQGHULQJ LQ YLRODWLRQ RI  86& †  D  % L   )RU WKH IROORZLQJ UHDVRQV ZH DIILUP % sDFNVRQ5DQGROSK V FRQYLFWLRQ DQG WKH PDMRULW\ RI KHU VHQWHQFHEXWUHPDQGWRWKHGLVWULFWFRXUWIRUIXUWKHUILQGLQJV $SSO\LQJ WKHDERYHVWDQGDUGRIUHYLHZZHILQGWKDWWKH RQsDFNVRQ5DQGROSK VDELOLW\WRSD\DILQH GLVWULFWFRXUWGLGQRWFRPPLWFOHDUHUURULQILQGLQJREVWUXFWLRQ RIMXVWLFH7KHJRYHUQPHQW VWKHRU\ZKLFKWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW , DFFHSWHGZLWKRXWIXUWKHUFRPPHQWUHDVRQDEO\LQIHUVWKDWWKH H[HFXWLRQRIVHDUFKZDUUDQWVSXWsDFNVRQ5DQGROSKRQQRWLFH 'HIHQGDQWDSSHOODQW0DULH$QWRLQHWWHsDFNVRQ5DQGROSK RIKHULPSHQGLQJLQGLFWPHQWDQGWKDWWKHDGPLQLVWUDWLYHUXOLQJ ZDVWKHIRXQGHUDQGSUHVLGHQWRI0$s&2,QFDQRQSURILW RQ0$s&2 VSDUWLFLSDWLRQLQWKHDGYDQFHSD\SURJUDPIXUWKHU FRUSRUDWLRQWKDWRSHUDWHGDSULYDWHVFKRRODQGVHYHUDOGD\ DOHUWHGKHUWRWKDWSRVVLELOLW\7KHVHWZRHYHQWVZKLFKWRRN FDUHFHQWHUVLQ'HWURLW0LFKLJDQ0$s&2SDUWLFLSDWHGLQWKH SODFHRQO\DIHZPRQWKVEHIRUHWKHH[HFXWLRQRIWKHTXLWFODLP 8QLWHG6WDWHV'HSDUWPHQWRI$JULFXOWXUH V&KLOG&DUH)RRG GHHGV DUH HQRXJK WR VXSSRUW DQ LQIHUHQFH WKDW sDFNVRQ 3URJUDP &&)3  DGPLQLVWHUHG E\ WKH 0LFKLJDQ 5DQGROSK D ODZ\HU NQHZ VKH ZRXOG EH FULPLQDOO\ 'HSDUWPHQWRI(GXFDWLRQ 0'2( WKURXJKZKLFK0$s&2 LQYHVWLJDWHGLQFRQQHFWLRQZLWKKHUIUDXGVFKHPHDW0$s&2 UHFHLYHG IHGHUDO IXQGV IRU VHUYLQJ PHDOV WR HFRQRPLFDOO\  8QLWHG6WDWHVYsDFNVRQ5DQGROSK 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVYsDFNVRQ5DQGROSK 

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Jackson-Randolph, (6th Cir. 2002).

United States v. Jackson-Randolph (United States v. Jackson-Randolph) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.