United States v. Irvin Fields

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
• Decided: August 17, 2023
• Docket: 21-4427
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

USCA4 Appeal: 21-4427 Doc: 41 Filed: 08/17/2023 Pg: 1 of 4

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 21-4427

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff – Appellee,

v.

IRVIN FIELDS,

Defendant – Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Raleigh. Louise W. Flanagan, District Judge. (5:20-cr-00155-FL-1)

Submitted: October 18, 2022 Decided: August 17, 2023

Before GREGORY, AGEE and QUATTLEBAUM, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed in part and dismissed in part by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Christopher S. Edwards, WARD & SMITH, PA, Wilmington, North Carolina, for Appellant. Michael F. Easley, Jr., United States Attorney, David A. Bragdon, Assistant United States Attorney, Joshua L. Rogers, Assistant United States Attorney, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellee.

Unpublished opinions are not binding precedent in this circuit. USCA4 Appeal: 21-4427 Doc: 41 Filed: 08/17/2023 Pg: 2 of 4

PER CURIAM:

Irvin Fields challenges his sentence for a Hobbs Act robbery conviction. For the

reasons that follow, we affirm in part and dismiss in part.

First, Fields argues that the Government breached his plea agreement by moving for

a departure pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3. 1 We “review a claim that a party has breached a

plea agreement under a bifurcated standard, reviewing the district court’s factual findings

for clear error, while reviewing the district court’s application of principles of contract

interpretation de novo.” United States v. Bowe, 257 F.3d 336, 342 (4th Cir. 2001).

In relevant part, the plea agreement specified that Fields’ criminal history category

was VI. It said nothing about the Government’s ability to move for a departure under

U.S.S.G § 4A1.3. 2 See United States v. Peglera, 33 F.3d 412, 413 (4th Cir. 1994) (“[I]n

enforcing plea agreements, the government is held only to those promises that it actually

made to the defendant.”); United States v. Fentress, 792 F.2d 461, 464 (4th Cir. 1986)

(“[The Government] will not be bound to those [promises] it did not make.”).

Moreover, the plea agreement included a merger clause indicating that it reflected

the entirety of the parties’ agreement and that no other agreements existed between them

1 The Court can consider this argument in spite of the plea agreement’s appellate- waiver provision because if the Government did breach the agreement, the waiver would not be enforceable. See United States v. Bowe, 257 F.3d 336, 342 (4th Cir. 2001). 2 This provision provides that “[i]f reliable information indicates that the defendant’s criminal history category substantially under-represents the seriousness of the defendant’s criminal history or the likelihood that the defendant will commit other crimes, an upward departure may be warranted.” U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3(a)(1).

2 USCA4 Appeal: 21-4427 Doc: 41 Filed: 08/17/2023 Pg: 3 of 4

with different terms. This Court has found no breach under similar circumstances. See, e.g.,

Fentress, 792 F.2d at 464 (finding that the government did not violate a plea agreement

because “[t]he government simply made no other guarantees about its conduct, as [the

defendant] himself acknowledged when he agreed to the ‘merger’ clause of the plea bargain

instrument”).

Finally, not only did the agreement fail to mention the propriety of moving for a

departure under § 4A1.3, but it also made clear that the Government was taking a position

only on the sentencing factors listed in the agreement. U.S.S.G. § 4A1.3 was not listed;

therefore, there was no designated position on it.

Consequently, the plea agreement did not restrict the Government from moving for

an upward departure under § 4A1.3. Had Fields wanted to prevent the Government from

moving for such a departure, he could have negotiated that provision. But he did not. See

Bowe, 257 F.3d at 339 (“The plea agreement also provides that ‘no departures will be

sought by either party and all arguments are limited to recommendations regarding a

sentence within the applicable range of the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines.’”).

Second, Fields argues that the district court improperly denied him a Guidelines

reduction for acceptance of responsibility. But this argument falls within the scope of the

plea agreement’s waiver provision. And Fields has not argued that the waiver is invalid.

See United States v. Cohen, 459 F.3d 490, 494 (4th Cir. 2006) (explaining that we uphold

a waiver of appellate rights if the waiver is valid and the issue appealed falls within its

scope). Therefore, we conclude that Fields’ acceptance-of-responsibility argument is

waived and dismiss this portion of his appeal.

3 USCA4 Appeal: 21-4427 Doc: 41 Filed: 08/17/2023 Pg: 4 of 4

For these reasons, we affirm in part and dismiss in part. We dispense with oral

argument because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials

before this Court and argument would not aid in the decisional process.

AFFIRMED IN PART, DISMISSED IN PART