United States v. Herrington

2 M.J. 807, 1976 CMR LEXIS 868
CourtU.S. Army Court of Military Review
DecidedMarch 29, 1976
DocketCM 432012
StatusPublished
Cited by5 cases

This text of 2 M.J. 807 (United States v. Herrington) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U.S. Army Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Herrington, 2 M.J. 807, 1976 CMR LEXIS 868 (usarmymilrev 1976).

Opinion

OPINION OF THE COURT

DeFORD, Judge:

At a trial by general court-martial, the appellant pleaded guilty to robbery and conspiracy to commit robbery and not guilty to attempted murder, rape and conspiracy to commit rape in violation of Articles 80, 81, 120 and 122, Uniform Code of Military Justice (10 U.S.C. §§ 880, 881, 920 and 922). He was found to be guilty of aggravated assault, rape, conspiracy to commit robbery, and robbery in violation of Articles 128, 120, 81 and 122, Uniform Code of Military Justice (10 U.S.C. §§ 928, 920, 881 and 922), and received the approved sentence set forth above.

[809]*809The appellant through counsel alleges as error (1) that the appellant was denied his right to a speedy trial since he spent 98 days in pretrial confinement and the Government failed to meet its heavy burden of showing extraordinary circumstances justifying the delay; and (2) that the appellant was prejudiced by the trial counsel’s improper and inflammatory argument before sentencing.

I

The appellant was placed in pretrial confinement pending disposition of the charges against him on 12 February 1974. His trial commenced on 20 May 1974 some 98 days later. During the processing of the case, the trial defense counsel requested two periods of delay. The first concerned a 4-day delay in the second Article 32 investigation from 12 March 1974 to 15 March 1974, which is not in dispute. The second period of delay concerned the referral of the appellant’s case to trial and is disputed by the litigants.

The appellant contends that his counsel requested the staff judge advocate to delay the presentation of the pretrial advice to the convening authority in order that the trial defense counsel could attach a brief to the pretrial advice requesting the convening authority to order a severance in the cases of the appellant and a co-accused and a request that the appellant’s case be referred to trial as a non-capital case. The trial defense counsel’s position sets forth that his request to the staff judge advocate was made on 2 April 1974 and his brief was filed on 5 April 1974 thus only 3 days were proper deductions on the second period of defense requested delay leaving the Government responsible for 91 days to trial. On the other hand, the Government’s position was that the trial defense counsel initially contacted the staff judge advocate on 26 March 1974 and indicated a desire that the pretrial advice be delayed as he was considering filing a request for a severance and to have the case referred as non-capital. The Government further alleges the pretrial advice was ready for presentation to the convening authority on 29 March 1974 and was delayed from that date until 5 April at the request of the trial defense counsel thus the second period of delay constituted 7 days and the total period of defense delay was 11 days reducing the Government’s accountable processing time to 87 days. A stipulation of fact concerning the processing time in appellant’s case was agreed upon by original counsel with the exception of the entry on 29 March 1974 and is reproduced as an addendum to this opinion.

In the case of United States v. Hounsheli,1 the United States Court of Military Appeals reviewed the legislative history of Article 10, UCMJ, and concluded that Article 10 reiterated the speedy trial guarantee of the Sixth Amendment to the Constitution.2 The court further stated that the requirements of Article 10 are more rigorous.

In United States v. Burton,3 the court held that in the absence of defense request for continuance, a presumption of an Article 10 violation will exist when pretrial confinement exceeds three months. The court stated that the presumption once imposed, would place a heavy burden on the Government to show diligence and, in the absence of such a showing, the charges should be dismissed.

The court added a second caveat to its opinion and stated that when the defense requests a speedy disposition of the charges the Government must respond to the request and either proceed immediately to trial or show adequate cause for further delay. A failure to respond to the request for a prompt trial or to order such a trial may justify extraordinary relief.

Here, the evidence contained in the record of trial convinces us as a matter [810]*810of fact that the trial defense counsel discussed his consideration of a request for delay with the staff judge advocate prior to the 29th of March 1974. We further find that the staff judge advocate was prepared to present the pretrial advice concerning the appellant’s case to the convening authority on 29 March 1974 and delayed taking that action pursuant to the expressed desires of the trial defense counsel.4 Accordingly, the period of 29 March 1974 through 4 April 1974 is chargeable as defense delay and the Government’s processing time is reduced to 87 days. The presumption noted above was not triggered.

However, our inquiry in the area of speedy trial does not end here. We are also required to review the Government’s processing of the appellant’s case under the second facet of Burton, supra.

As heretofore noted, the United States Court of Military Appeals added a second caveat to their decision in Burton, supra, which required that when the defense requests speedy disposition of the charges, the Government must respond to the request and either proceed immediately or show adequate cause for further delay.5

Here, the trial defense counsel filed a request for speedy trial on 26 March 1974. The record is devoid of any response to that request by the Government.

It is never permissible for the Government to proceed in a leisurely fashion in the processing of any charges against an accused.6 Where, the Government is on notice of a demand for trial, a close examination of the Government’s diligence must be made.7

Here, the defense request for speedy trial was made on 26 March 1974. The period 29 March through 4 April was defense delay. The staff judge advocate presented the pretrial advice to the convening authority on 5 April and the appellant’s case was referred for trial on 8 April.

An Article 39(a) session before the military judge was convened on 18 April which resulted in the severance of the appellant’s case from that of a co-accused. During the Article 39(a) session, the trial counsel advised the court that the Government would be prepared to try either the appellant or his co-accused on 25 and 26 April 1974.

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Related

United States v. Gray
37 M.J. 730 (U.S. Army Court of Military Review, 1992)
United States v. Carroll
34 M.J. 843 (U.S. Army Court of Military Review, 1992)
United States v. Rowsey
14 M.J. 151 (United States Court of Military Appeals, 1982)
United States v. Zammit
14 M.J. 554 (U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review, 1982)
United States v. Wallace
2 M.J. 1087 (U.S. Army Court of Military Review, 1976)

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Bluebook (online)
2 M.J. 807, 1976 CMR LEXIS 868, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-herrington-usarmymilrev-1976.