United States v. Giovanella

Court of Appeals for the First Circuit·Decided December 13, 1993·No. 93-1751·Published

Opinion

USCA1 Opinion


December 13, 1993 [NOT FOR PUBLICATION]

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE FIRST CIRCUIT

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No. 93-1751

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Appellee,

v.

ALBERT L. GIOVANELLA, III,

Defendant, Appellant.

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APPEAL FROM THE UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT

FOR THE DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

[Hon. Paul J. Barbadoro, U. S. District Judge]
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Before

Selya, Circuit Judge,
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Coffin, Senior Circuit Judge,
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and Cyr, Circuit Judge.
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Gerard J. Boyle and Boyle Law Office, P.C. on brief for
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appellant.
Peter E. Papps, United States Attorney, Arnold H. Huftalen,
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Assistant United States Attorney and Terry L. Ollila, Special
________________
Assistant United States Attorney, on brief for the United States.

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Per Curiam. In this criminal appeal, defendant-
Per Curiam.
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appellant Albert L. Giovanella, III, advances three arguments.

We address each of them briefly (albeit not in the order

presented).

I
I

Appellant challenges his conviction on Count X of the

indictment on the ground that the statute of conviction, 18

U.S.C. 1956(a)(1) (1988), applies only to persons who "hid[e]

proceeds of unlawful drug sales." Appellant's Brief at 48. We

disagree. The language of the statute suggests no such

limitation, the legislative history implies none, and no court,

to date, has given credence to this argument. Count X of the

indictment charged appellant, in essence, with conducting

financial transactions involving the proceeds of wire-fraud

activities. By its terms, the statute of conviction reaches

knowing use of "the proceeds of specified unlawful activity." 18

U.S.C. 1956(a)(1)(A)(1). At the time of appellant's actions,

wire fraud affecting financial institutions was so specified.

See 18 U.S.C. 1956(c)(7)(1)(D) (1988). The charge contained in
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Count X was, therefore, properly laid under section

1956(a)(1)(A)(1). See United States v. Alford, 999 F.2d 818,
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822-23 (5th Cir. 1993); United States v. Paramo, 998 F.2d 1212,
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1217-18 (3d Cir. 1993); United States v. Taylor, 984 F.2d 298,
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301 (9th Cir. 1993); United States v. Montoya, 945 F.2d 1068,
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1076-77 (9th Cir. 1991).

II
II

3

Appellant also challenges the sufficiency of the

evidence with regard to Count X. Following a guilty verdict, a

reviewing court must scrutinize the record, drawing all

reasonable inferences in favor of the verdict, to ascertain if a

rational jury could have found that the government proved each

element of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt. See United
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States v. Echeverri, 982 F.2d 675, 677 (1st Cir. 1993); United
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States v. Ortiz, 966 F.2d 707, 711 (1st Cir. 1992), cert. denied,
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113 S. Ct. 1005 (1993). The government can satisfy its burden of

proof by either direct or circumstantial evidence. See
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Echeverri, 982 F.2d at 679; United States v. Rivera-Santiago, 872
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F.2d 1073, 1079 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 492 U.S. 910 (1989).
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To sustain a conviction, a reviewing court need not conclude that

only a guilty verdict could appropriately be reached; it is

enough that the jury's determination draws its essence from a

plausible reading of the record. See Echeverri, 982 F.2d at 677;
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Ortiz, 966 F.2d at 711.
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Using these guideposts, the quantum of evidence adduced

here is more than adequate. If the jury believed either Dr.

Barbati or Mr. Kittredge and credibility calls are, of course,

within the jury's exclusive province, see United States v. David,
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940 F.2d 722, 730 (1st Cir. 1991), cert. denied, 112 S. Ct. 2301,
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(1992) either man's testimony was sufficient to show that

appellant committed fraud, and that the fraud came within the

contours of section 1956(a)(1)(A)(1). That the jury was at

liberty to believe both witnesses simply adds frosting to the

4

cake a

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