United States v. Furgason

6 M.J. 844, 1979 CMR LEXIS 782
CourtU.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review
DecidedJanuary 26, 1979
DocketNCM 78 0302
StatusPublished
Cited by13 cases

This text of 6 M.J. 844 (United States v. Furgason) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Furgason, 6 M.J. 844, 1979 CMR LEXIS 782 (usnmcmilrev 1979).

Opinions

MICHEL, Judge:

His pleas to the contrary notwithstanding, appellant was convicted by special court-martial officer members of possession, transfer, introduction, sale, ahd use of marijuana in violation of Article 92, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 892, and communicating a threat [845]*845and obstructing justice in violation of Article 134, UCMJ, 10 U.S.C. § 934. The sentence extended to the maximum jurisdictional limit of the trial forum.

On this appeal, appellant’s legal champion advances nine allegations of prejudicial error. Our consideration of one of these issues and our attendant conclusion effectively moot the remaining assignments of error.

The essential facts are not in dispute. After appellant was arraigned on 16 August 1977 on the Original Charge1 and Additional Charge I,2 a continuance was granted by the military judge in order to afford appellant an opportunity to secure individual military counsel. Between 12 August 1977 and 30 August 1977, appellant requested three individual military counsel. The first two requested lawyers, LT A3 and LT B,4 were not considered to be available; appellant made no attempt to appeal these decisions to a higher authority. LT S was appellant’s third requested counsel.5 Appellant requested LT S as individual military counsel on 30 August 1977. On 2 September 1977, a message was sent from the convening authority in Hawaii to the Staff Judge Advocate, Naval Air Station, LeMoore, California, requesting that LT S be made available to defend the appellant. When no reply was received by 8 September 1977, trial counsel contacted the convening authority’s legal officer for an update report on the message and requested that a second message be sent. The trial counsel again contacted the convening authority’s legal officer on 12 September for another update report and learned that he had neglected to send the second message. Thereafter, on 12 September, trial counsel telephonically contacted LT S and learned that the Naval Legal Service Branch Office to which he was attached was not in receipt of the request for his services. On 13 September 1977, trial counsel ascertained from the Officer-in-Charge, Naval Legal Services Branch Office, Naval Air Station, LeMoore, California, LT S’s military superior, that LT S would not be reasonably available until 24 October 1977. At trial, the prosecution acknowledged that LT S would have been available to defend the accused if the original message, dated 2 September 1977, had been received by the Naval Legal Service Branch Office, LeMoore, California. However, the original message was never received by the Staff Judge Advocate, Naval Air Station, LeMoore, California, and apparently was lost in transmission. In any event, by the time the proper authorities were made aware of the request, LT S was not available.

Another Article 39(a), 10 U.S.C. § 839(a) session convened on 15 September 1977, and [846]*846the military judge was advised of the two initial requests for individual military counsel, and the subsequent denial of availability by the respective commands. The military judge was also informed of the request for LT S and his Command’s evaluation that he would not be available until 24 October 1977 to act as counsel for appellant. The military judge agreed that the requested individual counsel were indeed not reasonably available, and in particular, that LT S would not be available until 24 October. Appellant then indicated that he did not want anyone else as individual military counsel, but immediately requested a recess to discuss it with his detailed counsel. Upon returning to the courtroom, the trial defense counsel indicated that appellant desired to wait until 24 October in order to secure the services of LT S, but if forced to proceed to trial, he wanted to be represented by LT M. The defense counsel then indicated that he intended to appeal the decision of LT S’s unavailability and was granted a continuance by the military judge to pursue the matter. On the following day, an Article 39(a) session was called to order at the request of the defense. Appellant then indicated that LT S was the only individual military counsel that he desired. The defense counsel went on the record for the second time requesting a continuance until 24 October in order that appellant be represented by LT S. The military judge indicated that he intended to proceed to trial without LT S in the event that the appeal of his nonavailability was upheld by superior authority.

On 28 September 1977, another Article 39(a) session convened and the military judge was advised that both the Naval Legal Service Office, San Francisco, and the Director, Naval Legal Services, Washington, D. C., had denied LT S’s availability for the reasons originally cited by the Naval Legal Services Branch Office, LeMoore, California. Detailed defense counsel again moved for a continuance until 24 October 1977 so that LT S could represent appellant, inviting the military judge’s attention to the fact that he would himself be engaged in the trial of other courts-martial during the entire ensuing week (2-8 October 1977) and that during the week thereafter (9-15 October 1977) both detailed defense counsel and the military judge would be required to travel to Midway Island in furtherance of their professional duties. The military judge again denied the request for a continuance and set a trial date two days hence, 30 September 1977. For some reason unexplained in the record, proceedings reconvened next on 3 October 1977 during which appellant was arraigned on Additional Charge II and its three supporting Specifications,6 the court was assembled, and thereafter appellant was tried, convicted, and sentenced, all in LT S’s absence. Appellant now alleges prejudicial error in these proceedings. We agree.

To have the assistance of counsel for his defense is the inalienable right of every person prosecuted for a criminal offense cognizable by a state or federal court of competent jurisdiction.7 Absent physical conditions or military exigencies, this right is implicit for all accused facing trial by court-martial.8 The right extends to representation by a military lawyer of the accused’s own selection if that person is reasonably available to act on behalf of the defense.9 Unquestionably, it is a funda[847]*847mental right of such proportions that its abrogation or curtailment should be undertaken only with extreme caution.

In the case sub judice appellant sought, unsuccessfully, to secure the services of two defense attorneys.10 When these individuals were determined to be unavailable to represent appellant at trial, he requested that LT S be made available to act as his individual military counsel. It is uncontroverted that LT S would be unavailable until 24 October 1977; trial defense counsel thrice moved for a continuance until that date and each time his motion was denied. These denials form the crux of appellant’s present contention that, in so acting, the military judge abused his discretion.

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Bluebook (online)
6 M.J. 844, 1979 CMR LEXIS 782, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-furgason-usnmcmilrev-1979.