United States v. Elkshoulder

119 F. App'x 857

Opinion

MEMORANDUM

**

Appellant Mark Elkshoulder (“Elk-shoulder”)’s Sixth Amendment rights were not violated. While he had, a right to a hearing and to assistance' of counsel before the modification of his supervised release, he waived both. See F.R.Crim. P. 32.1(c)(2)(A). His waiver was knowing, voluntary, and intelligent, and not a result of coercion. See United States v. Stocks, 104 F.3d 308, 312 (9th Cir.1997). In fact, despite his waiver, Elkshoulder made use of an attorney both in consenting to the changed conditions of his supervised release, and in the revocation hearing.¹ Because no timely objection was made below, our review is for plain error; there was none here. See Johnson v. United States, 520 U.S. 461, 466-67, 117 S.Ct. 1544, 137 L.Ed.2d 718 (1997).

Elkshoulder’s claim that the court erred by applying higher statutory sentencing options rather than applying the Chapter 7 Guidelines also fails. In United States v. Garcia, 323 F.3d 1161, 1164-65 (9th Cir.2003), we reaffirmed that the sentencing guidelines are not binding, and that as long as a district court considers the policy statements of Chapter 7, it is free to reject them. Here, the district court explicitly rejected the Chapter 7 Guidelines because the original crime was for a “very, very serious offense,” and because “within a very short period of returning,” Elkshoulder violated one of the main conditions of his supervised release. Moreover, the thirty-month sentence is reasonable. Because the original offense was a Class A felony, under 18 U.S.C. § 3583(e)(3), the judge could have required Elkshoulder to serve up to five years for violating a condition of his supervised release.

Finally, Elkshoulder claims that both his original sentence and his sentence for violating supervised release violate Blakely. They do not. First, Elkshoulder cannot now employ Blakely to attack his original sentence. Compare United States v. Ameline, 376 F.3d 967, 974 (9th Cir.2004) (court could sua sponte examine Blakely’s potential impact on defendant’s sentence where Blakely was decided while defendant’s appeal was pending), with United States v. Sanchez-Cervantes, 282 F.3d 664, 671 (9th Cir.2002) (holding Apprendi v. New Jersey, 530 U.S. 466, 120 S.Ct. 2348, 147 L.Ed.2d 435 (2000), does not apply retroactively to cases on initial collateral review). Elkshoulder’s original sentence is not the basis of his pending appeal; this claim is foreclosed. Second, Blakely does not apply to resentencing for a violation of supervised release. Cf. United States v. Liero, 298 F.3d 1175, 1178 (9th Cir.2002) (supervised release, like imprisonment, is part of a sentence; so it does not violate Apprendi ).²

AFFIRMED.

This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by Ninth Circuit Rule 36-3.

1

. Elkshoulder's parole officer informed him when they met that he had a right to have an attorney present, explained the changes to the conditions of Elkshoulder’s supervision, ánd informed Elkshoulder that the conditions would not be executed until Elkshoulder’s federal public defender agreed to them. Elk-shoulder indicated that he understood and agreed to the conditions, and signed a waiver of his right to a hearing, which also waived his right to assistance of counsel. Elkshoulder’s public defender subsequently endorsed the changes after reviewing them carefully with his client. A second public defender participated in the revocation hearing and sentencing on Elkshoulder’s behalf.

2

. Elkshoulder’s assertion in his supplementary opening brief that he lacked fair notice of the risk of exposure is untimely and in any case lacks merit. The statutory provisions of 18 U.S.C. § 3583 were listed in his December 24, 1991 presentence report, and his parole officer and federal public defender carefully explained to him the conditions of his supervised release (including, presumably, that one can be imprisoned for violating them).