F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit
MAR 5 1998 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee, No. 97-1207 v. (D. Colorado) SABRINA EDDINGS, also known as (D.C. No. 96-CR-445-1) Sabrina Smith,
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. Sabrina Eddings, a.k.a. Sabrina Smith, appeals her 60-month sentence
imposed following a plea of guilty to one count of possession with intent to
distribute cocaine base, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1)
and (b)(1)(B). She argues the district court erred in failing to grant her the full
extent of the departure the government sought for her substantial assistance and in
including as relevant conduct a drug transaction involving her co-defendant. The
government has filed a motion to supplement the record with a transcript of the
change of plea hearing conducted on January 17, 1997. We grant the motion and
affirm Ms. Eddings’ sentence.
I. Downward Departure for Substantial Assistance
Ms. Eddings pled guilty pursuant to a plea agreement with the government,
in which the government agreed to dismiss the other counts against Ms. Eddings
and move, pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1, for a downward departure of one-third
to one-half from the lower end of the guideline range, based upon Ms. Eddings’
substantial assistance to the government. The government subsequently filed the
§ 5K1.1 motion, requesting a downward departure of approximately 50%, which
would result in a 44-month sentence. At the sentencing hearing held that same
day, the court declined to depart downward to the full extent requested by the
-2- government, settling instead on a 60-month sentence, which represented a
downward departure of approximately 25%.
Ms. Eddings challenges that decision, arguing it resulted in an “incorrect
application of the guidelines.” Appellant’s Opening Br. at 7. A defendant can
appeal a guidelines sentence if the sentence was imposed in violation of the law,
was imposed as a result of an incorrect application of the guidelines, or was
greater than that specified in the applicable guideline. 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a). We
have repeatedly rejected the argument that a complaint about the degree of
downward departure, whether cast as a violation of the law or a misapplication of
the guidelines, is reviewable. See, e.g., United States v. McHenry, 968 F.2d
1047, 1049 (10th Cir. 1992); United States v. Bromberg, 933 F.2d 895, 897 (10th
Cir. 1991). We therefore lack jurisdiction to consider Ms. Eddings’ argument. 1
II. Relevant Conduct
Ms. Eddings pled guilty to count 3 of the superseding indictment, which
involved a sale of cocaine by Ms. Eddings to a confidential informant on
October 7, 1996. Ms. Eddings’ co-defendant, William Walton, pled guilty to
1 Furthermore, we reject her rather vague arguments that there was an incorrect application of the guidelines in this case. The record belies her argument that there was a discrepancy between the offense level as stated at the sentencing hearing and as stated in the court’s written findings, nor was there a violation of the guideline relating to the acceptance of plea agreements.
-3- count 5 of the superseding indictment, which involved a sale of cocaine to the
informant on October 9, 1996. The presentence report for Ms. Eddings treated
the October 9 sale as relevant conduct. Ms. Eddings objected to that
recommendation. She argues on appeal that the district court erred in considering
that sale as relevant conduct.
“We review for clear error district court factual findings regarding drug
quantities and whether certain conduct is relevant conduct under the guidelines.”
United States v. Richards, 27 F.3d 465, 468 (10th Cir. 1994). Relevant conduct
includes all acts that were part of the same course of conduct or scheme or plan as
the offense of conviction, “‘regardless of whether the defendant was convicted of
the underlying offenses pertaining to the additional amounts.’” United States v.
Roederer, 11 F.3d 973, 978-79 (10th Cir. 1993) (quoting United States v. Rutter,
897 F.2d 1558, 1562 (10th Cir. 1990)). 2 In determining whether certain acts are
relevant conduct for sentencing purposes, “‘the sentencing court is to consider
such factors as the nature of the defendant’s acts, his role, and the number and
frequency of repetitions of those acts, in determining whether they indicate a
2 It is therefore irrelevant that, in the plea agreement, the government conceded that “it is questionable whether the Government could readily prove Defendant’s guilt as to Count Five.” Plea Agreement and Stipulation of Facts Relevant to Sentencing at 4, R. Vol. 3.
-4- behavior pattern.’” Id. at 979 (quoting United States v. Santiago, 906 F.2d 867,
872 (2d Cir. 1990)).
At the sentencing hearing, the court heard testimony from Mr. Walton and
reviewed tape recordings made of conversations between the informant and Ms.
Eddings and the informant and Mr. Walton on October 7 and 9. The court made
the following findings:
After the October 7, 1996 drug transaction, [ ] which the defendant does not deny as relevant conduct, the defendant told the [confidential informant] that if he wanted more crack, he could get the crack from an individual identified as Lynch. She gave the [informant] Lynch’s name and pager number, as counsel has just pointed out. Nevertheless, the [informant] continued to contact her. And so the question is, is she responsible for that, or did she withdraw from the conspiracy? She clearly did not withdraw from the conspiracy. She clearly remained responsible for this. On October 9, the [informant] contacted her by way of pager and arranged for the purchase of crack cocaine. ... The confidential informant confirms with the defendant that the defendant will have the zone, one ounce of crack cocaine, on the 9th. The defendant tells the confidential informant that the price is 1050, meaning 1050.
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F I L E D United States Court of Appeals Tenth Circuit
MAR 5 1998 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
TENTH CIRCUIT PATRICK FISHER Clerk
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff - Appellee, No. 97-1207 v. (D. Colorado) SABRINA EDDINGS, also known as (D.C. No. 96-CR-445-1) Sabrina Smith,
Defendant - Appellant.
ORDER AND JUDGMENT *
Before ANDERSON, McKAY, and LUCERO, Circuit Judges.
After examining the briefs and appellate record, this panel has determined
unanimously that oral argument would not materially assist the determination of
this appeal. See Fed. R. App. P. 34(a); 10th Cir. R. 34.1.9. The case is therefore
ordered submitted without oral argument.
* This order and judgment is not binding precedent, except under the doctrines of law of the case, res judicata, and collateral estoppel. The court generally disfavors the citation of orders and judgments; nevertheless, an order and judgment may be cited under the terms and conditions of 10th Cir. R. 36.3. Sabrina Eddings, a.k.a. Sabrina Smith, appeals her 60-month sentence
imposed following a plea of guilty to one count of possession with intent to
distribute cocaine base, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 2 and 21 U.S.C. §§ 841(a)(1)
and (b)(1)(B). She argues the district court erred in failing to grant her the full
extent of the departure the government sought for her substantial assistance and in
including as relevant conduct a drug transaction involving her co-defendant. The
government has filed a motion to supplement the record with a transcript of the
change of plea hearing conducted on January 17, 1997. We grant the motion and
affirm Ms. Eddings’ sentence.
I. Downward Departure for Substantial Assistance
Ms. Eddings pled guilty pursuant to a plea agreement with the government,
in which the government agreed to dismiss the other counts against Ms. Eddings
and move, pursuant to U.S.S.G. § 5K1.1, for a downward departure of one-third
to one-half from the lower end of the guideline range, based upon Ms. Eddings’
substantial assistance to the government. The government subsequently filed the
§ 5K1.1 motion, requesting a downward departure of approximately 50%, which
would result in a 44-month sentence. At the sentencing hearing held that same
day, the court declined to depart downward to the full extent requested by the
-2- government, settling instead on a 60-month sentence, which represented a
downward departure of approximately 25%.
Ms. Eddings challenges that decision, arguing it resulted in an “incorrect
application of the guidelines.” Appellant’s Opening Br. at 7. A defendant can
appeal a guidelines sentence if the sentence was imposed in violation of the law,
was imposed as a result of an incorrect application of the guidelines, or was
greater than that specified in the applicable guideline. 18 U.S.C. § 3742(a). We
have repeatedly rejected the argument that a complaint about the degree of
downward departure, whether cast as a violation of the law or a misapplication of
the guidelines, is reviewable. See, e.g., United States v. McHenry, 968 F.2d
1047, 1049 (10th Cir. 1992); United States v. Bromberg, 933 F.2d 895, 897 (10th
Cir. 1991). We therefore lack jurisdiction to consider Ms. Eddings’ argument. 1
II. Relevant Conduct
Ms. Eddings pled guilty to count 3 of the superseding indictment, which
involved a sale of cocaine by Ms. Eddings to a confidential informant on
October 7, 1996. Ms. Eddings’ co-defendant, William Walton, pled guilty to
1 Furthermore, we reject her rather vague arguments that there was an incorrect application of the guidelines in this case. The record belies her argument that there was a discrepancy between the offense level as stated at the sentencing hearing and as stated in the court’s written findings, nor was there a violation of the guideline relating to the acceptance of plea agreements.
-3- count 5 of the superseding indictment, which involved a sale of cocaine to the
informant on October 9, 1996. The presentence report for Ms. Eddings treated
the October 9 sale as relevant conduct. Ms. Eddings objected to that
recommendation. She argues on appeal that the district court erred in considering
that sale as relevant conduct.
“We review for clear error district court factual findings regarding drug
quantities and whether certain conduct is relevant conduct under the guidelines.”
United States v. Richards, 27 F.3d 465, 468 (10th Cir. 1994). Relevant conduct
includes all acts that were part of the same course of conduct or scheme or plan as
the offense of conviction, “‘regardless of whether the defendant was convicted of
the underlying offenses pertaining to the additional amounts.’” United States v.
Roederer, 11 F.3d 973, 978-79 (10th Cir. 1993) (quoting United States v. Rutter,
897 F.2d 1558, 1562 (10th Cir. 1990)). 2 In determining whether certain acts are
relevant conduct for sentencing purposes, “‘the sentencing court is to consider
such factors as the nature of the defendant’s acts, his role, and the number and
frequency of repetitions of those acts, in determining whether they indicate a
2 It is therefore irrelevant that, in the plea agreement, the government conceded that “it is questionable whether the Government could readily prove Defendant’s guilt as to Count Five.” Plea Agreement and Stipulation of Facts Relevant to Sentencing at 4, R. Vol. 3.
-4- behavior pattern.’” Id. at 979 (quoting United States v. Santiago, 906 F.2d 867,
872 (2d Cir. 1990)).
At the sentencing hearing, the court heard testimony from Mr. Walton and
reviewed tape recordings made of conversations between the informant and Ms.
Eddings and the informant and Mr. Walton on October 7 and 9. The court made
the following findings:
After the October 7, 1996 drug transaction, [ ] which the defendant does not deny as relevant conduct, the defendant told the [confidential informant] that if he wanted more crack, he could get the crack from an individual identified as Lynch. She gave the [informant] Lynch’s name and pager number, as counsel has just pointed out. Nevertheless, the [informant] continued to contact her. And so the question is, is she responsible for that, or did she withdraw from the conspiracy? She clearly did not withdraw from the conspiracy. She clearly remained responsible for this. On October 9, the [informant] contacted her by way of pager and arranged for the purchase of crack cocaine. ... The confidential informant confirms with the defendant that the defendant will have the zone, one ounce of crack cocaine, on the 9th. The defendant tells the confidential informant that the price is 1050, meaning 1050. She doesn’t say, I told you to call somebody else; she doesn’t say, it’s not available; she doesn’t say, I don’t know anything about it; she says the price is 1050. On October 9, 1996 at 12:45 p.m., the [informant] returned a pager call containing the defendant’s personal pager code. She must have put in her personal pager code. She didn’t withdraw, she didn’t give the call to anybody else, she put in her personal pager code. The defendant states on the tape that she will be there in the next 30 minutes and verified that the price was 1050. There was a second call in which the [informant] returned the pager call. The pager call once again had the defendant’s personal
-5- pager code, in addition to the prearranged price for the crack cocaine, which was 1050. This time Mr. Walton answers the phone. This time he says “Sabrina put in his code.” It is clear to me, not by a preponderance of the evidence, but beyond a reasonable doubt, that she was involved in this sale. . . . She had been dealing drugs with Mr. Walton over a period of time, that was got—that was obtained from Mr. Walton’s testimony, if it wasn’t clear from the presentence report. And she did not effectively withdraw from dealing drugs. This is not a situation where she was trying to get out of it. She remained involved, clear through the time that Mr. Walton actually contacted and consummated the transaction. The fact that she was not present is of no significance. I don’t have any problem in concluding that the relevant conduct in this case includes the October 9 transaction. And I don’t believe any inference to the contrary should be drawn.
Transcript of Sentencing Hr’g at 22-24, R. Vol. 2. We have reviewed the record
in this case, which amply supports the district court’s findings and conclusions.
The court did not err in treating the October 9 sale as relevant conduct.
For the foregoing reasons, we AFFIRM the district court’s decision
imposing a 60-month sentence.
ENTERED FOR THE COURT
Stephen H. Anderson Circuit Judge
-6-