United States v. Dupree

Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit·Decided April 24, 2019·No. 17-1846-cr·Unpublished

Opinion

17‐1846‐cr United States v. Dupree

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

SUMMARY ORDER

RULINGS BY SUMMARY ORDER DO NOT HAVE PRECEDENTIAL EFFECT. CITATION TO A SUMMARY ORDER FILED ON OR AFTER JANUARY 1, 2007, IS PERMITTED AND IS GOVERNED BY FEDERAL RULE OF APPELLATE PROCEDURE 32.1 AND THIS COURT’S LOCAL RULE 32.1.1.

WHEN CITING A SUMMARY ORDER IN A DOCUMENT FILED WITH THIS COURT, A PARTY MUST CITE EITHER THE FEDERAL APPENDIX OR AN ELECTRONIC DATABASE (WITH THE NOTATION “SUMMARY ORDER”). A PARTY CITING A SUMMARY ORDER MUST SERVE A COPY OF IT ON ANY PARTY NOT REPRESENTED BY COUNSEL.

1 At a stated term of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit, held 2 at the Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse, 40 Foley Square, in the City of New 3 York, on the 24th day of April, two thousand nineteen. 4 5 PRESENT: JOHN M. WALKER, JR., 6 DENNIS JACOBS, 7 Circuit Judges, 8 MICHAEL P. SHEA, *

9 District Judge. 10 11 12 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 13 Appellee, 14 15 v. 17‐1846‐cr 16 17 AMOIRE DUPREE, 18 Defendant‐Appellant. 19 20 21 22

Judge Michael P. Shea of the United States District Court for the District of Connecticut, sitting

*

by designation.

1 FOR APPELLANT: DANIEL HABIB, Federal Defenders of New York, 2 Inc., Appeals Bureau, New York, NY. 3 4 FOR APPELLEE: IAN C. RICHARDSON, Assistant United States 5 Attorney, for Richard P. Donoghue, United 6 States Attorney for the Eastern District of New 7 York (Susan Corkery, Assistant United States 8 Attorney, on the brief), Brooklyn, NY. 9 10 Appeal from an order of the United States District Court for the Eastern District of

11 New York (Allyne R. Ross, Judge). 12 UPON DUE CONSIDERATION, IT IS HEREBY ORDERED, ADJUDGED AND 13 DECREED that the order of the district court is AFFIRMED. 14 Amoire Dupree appeals the judgment of the United States District Court for the 15 Eastern District of New York denying his suppression motion and convicting him, after 16 a bench trial on stipulated facts, of being a felon in possession of a firearm, in violation of 17 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1) and 924(a)(2). We assume the parties’ familiarity with the 18 underlying facts, the procedural history, and the issues presented for review. 19 Dupree was stopped and frisked in Brooklyn by two police officers after he crossed 20 the street against the light in front of incoming traffic. The search uncovered a firearm in 21 Dupree’s right pocket. Dupree was indicted on one count of unlawful possession of a 22 firearm by a person previously convicted of a felony. See 18 U.S.C. §§ 922(g)(1), 924(a)(2). 23 The district court denied Dupree’s motion to suppress the firearm evidence, reasoning 24 that the search was lawful as a search incident to arrest because the officers had probable 25 cause to arrest Dupree for jaywalking. 26 Dupree proceeded to trial on stipulated facts and was convicted. The parties 27 stipulated that Dupree had twice been convicted of attempted robbery in the second 28 degree, see N.Y.P.L. §§ 160.10(1), (2)(b), and Dupree preserved his ability to appeal from

1 the trial court’s denial of his motion to suppress. At sentencing, the district court applied 2 a base offense level enhancement for the two prior attempted robbery convictions, 3 resulting in a United States Sentencing Guidelines (“U.S.S.G.” or “Guidelines”) range of 4 57 to 71 months’ imprisonment. On appeal, Dupree challenges both the denial of his 5 suppression motion and the district court’s application of the Guidelines. 6 I. Denial of Dupree’s Motion to Suppress 7 “On appeal from a district court’s ruling on a motion to suppress evidence, we 8 review legal conclusions de novo and findings of fact for clear error.” United States v. 9 Bershchansky, 788 F.3d 102, 108 (2d Cir. 2015) (internal quotation marks omitted). Dupree 10 contends that the firearm recovered by the police constitutes the fruit of an unlawful 11 search in violation of the Fourth Amendment. Specifically, he argues that the search was 12 unlawful notwithstanding probable cause to arrest for jaywalking, because the officers 13 had no intention of arresting him for that crime. 14 Dupree recognizes that this argument is foreclosed by United States v. Diaz, which 15 held that a search incident to arrest may be lawful “regardless of whether or not the 16 officer intended to [make an arrest] prior to the search.” 854 F.3d 197, 207 (2d Cir. 2017). 17 Because Diaz is controlling law, the district court did not err by denying Dupree’s motion 18 to suppress the firearm evidence. 19 II. Procedural Reasonableness of Dupree’s Sentence 20 Dupree also contends that his sentence was procedurally unreasonable due to an 21 error in calculation under the Guidelines. See United States v. Cavera, 550 F.3d 180, 187, 22 190 (2d Cir. 2008) (en banc). “In reviewing Guidelines calculations, we apply a de novo 23 standard to legal conclusions and we accept the sentencing court’s factual findings unless 24 they are clearly erroneous.” United States v. Walker, 595 F.3d 441, 443 (2d Cir. 2010).

1 Whether a prior conviction qualifies categorically as a crime of violence is a question of 2 law that we review de novo. United States v. Savage, 542 F.3d 959, 964 (2d Cir. 2008). 3 Dupree argues that the district court erroneously applied a sentencing 4 enhancement to his firearms conviction under the 2016 version of § 2K2.1 of the 5 Guidelines. Section 2K2.1 increases the base offense level to 24 if the defendant has been 6 convicted of two prior felony “crime[s] of violence.” U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1(a)(2). He contends 7 that his second‐degree robbery convictions are not categorically crimes of violence under 8 either the force clause (sometimes called the elements clause) or the enumerated offenses 9 clause, which lists various generic offenses that qualify as crimes of violence. See U.S.S.G. 10 § 4B1.2(a).1 The district court agreed with the Government that the prior convictions for 11 attempted robbery constituted crimes of violence under the enumerated offenses clause. 12 The district court did not rule on whether Dupree’s convictions also qualified as crimes 13 of violence under the force clause. 14 To “qualif[y] categorically as a ‘crime of violence’ for Guidelines enhancement 15 purposes” under the enumerated offenses clause, a state conviction for an enumerated 16 offense must “correspond[] substantially to the ‘generic meaning’” of that crime. Walker, 17 595 F.3d at 446; see also Savage, 542 F.3d at 964 (a prior conviction must “criminalize[] 18 conduct that falls exclusively within the federal definition of a predicate offense” to 19 qualify categorically as a crime of violence). “Under the categorical approach we examine 20 the legal elements of the criminal statute of conviction (rather than the circumstances of 21 the criminal act) to determine whether they are identical to or narrower than a ‘generic’ 22 version of the offense.” United States v. Moore, 916 F.3d 231, 237 (2d Cir. 2019). If the

1 Application Note 1 of the Commentary to U.S.S.G. § 2K2.1 provides that the term “crime of violence” has the “meaning given that term in § 4B1.2(a) and Application Note 1 of the Commentary to § 4B1.2.”

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Dupree, (2d Cir. 2019).

United States v. Dupree (United States v. Dupree) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

Related

United States v. Savage
542 F.3d 959 (Second Circuit, 2008)
United States v. Nason
9 F.3d 155 (First Circuit, 1993)
United States v. Cavera
550 F.3d 180 (Second Circuit, 2008)
United States v. Walker
595 F.3d 441 (Second Circuit, 2010)
The People v. Mark Jurgins
46 N.E.3d 1048 (New York Court of Appeals, 2015)
Campbell v. Ackerman
903 F.3d 14 (First Circuit, 2018)
Stokeling v. United States
586 U.S. 73 (Supreme Court, 2019)
Johnson v. United States
176 L. Ed. 2d 1 (Supreme Court, 2010)
United States v. Hill
890 F.3d 51 (Second Circuit, 2016)
United States v. Bershchansky
788 F.3d 102 (Second Circuit, 2015)
United States v. Diaz
854 F.3d 197 (Second Circuit, 2017)
United States v. Thrower
914 F.3d 770 (Second Circuit, 2019)
United States v. Moore
916 F.3d 231 (Second Circuit, 2019)