United States v. Dotson

9 M.J. 542, 1980 CMR LEXIS 631
CourtU S Coast Guard Court of Military Review
DecidedMarch 25, 1980
DocketCGCMS 23428; Docket No. 821
StatusPublished
Cited by3 cases

This text of 9 M.J. 542 (United States v. Dotson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U S Coast Guard Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Dotson, 9 M.J. 542, 1980 CMR LEXIS 631 (cgcomilrev 1980).

Opinions

OPINION

MORGAN, Chief Judge:

We formerly returned this record for a new legal officer’s review and a new action by an officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction because the original district legal officer’s review was not served on the defense counsel prior to the action by the supervisory authority as required by U. S. v. Goode, 1 M.J. 3 (C.M.A.1975). We also noted several deficiencies in the district legal officer’s review. U. S. v. Dotson, 6 M.J. 864 (C.G.C.M.R.1979). The record has now been reviewed by another district legal officer and the findings and sentence have again been approved by an officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction.

Appellate defense counsel now asserts that an issue of Seaman Apprentice Dotson’s mental capacity to cooperate in his defense was raised but left unresolved at trial; that the new district legal officer’s review is prejudicially inadequate for failure to discuss the issue of the accused’s mental capacity to stand trial; that defense counsel erroneously assisted the accused in his pursuit of a bad conduct discharge; and that, in any event, a sentence including an approved bad conduct discharge is inappropriate for Seaman Apprentice Dotson on the record before us. We find appellate defense counsel’s assertions of error to be without merit and affirm the findings and sentence.

The defense claim that an issue of Seaman Apprentice Dotson’s lack of capacity to cooperate in his defense was raised at trial is based on the accused’s testimony during sentencing proceedings that he felt he could no longer perform his duties and complete his enlistment in the Coast Guard and would like a bad conduct discharge. At the close of the accused’s testimony the following colloquy ensued between the military judge and defense counsel:

[544]*544“MJ: Have you searched for evidence in favor of the defendant that could be presented here, that—
DC: I have, your honor. I have searched for and uncovered evidence which would be favorable to the defendant, your honor.
MJ: Are you prepared to present it or have you been instructed not to present it?
DC: I have been instructed by the defendant, he would not desire me to present such evidence, your honor.
MJ: Have you explored for any indications that the defendant is not mentally competent to make the kind of decisions—
DC: Yes, sir. I have had him examined by Doctor SHORT of the Public Health Service, who has not entered any findings in that line.
MJ: You’re satisfied that there is no problem along those lines?
DC: Yes sir. I am satisfied.”

No evidence of Doctor Short’s findings was presented and no further inquiry was made with respect to the accused’s mental capacity.

Appellate defense counsel reasons that the accused must have lacked mental capacity since he did not cooperate in his defense. Instead, he requested a bad conduct discharge, the most serious punishment allowable at his trial, and forbade defense counsel from presenting favorable mitigating or extenuating evidence on his behalf. Counsel concludes that this conduct caused the military judge to question the accused’s mental capacity but the issue was left unresolved.

The issue of lack of mental capacity is normally raised by the defense counsel but if there is reasonable indication that inquiry respecting the accused’s mental capacity is warranted in the interest of justice, it becomes the duty of the court to call for evidence on the matter. Paragraph 122a, Manual for Courts-Martial, 1969 (Rev.). Of course an accused is presumed to be sane initially and this presumption authorizes the court to assume that the accused was and is sane until evidence is presented to the contrary. Paragraph 122a, MCM, 1969 (Rev.); U. S. v. Biesak, 3 U.S.C.M.A. 714, 14 C.M.R. 132 (1954). The right of the court to assume that the accused was and is sane continues until a reasonable doubt of his sanity is raised by the evidence. Paragraph 138a(l), MCM, 1969 (Rev.); U. S. v. Biesak, supra.

An accused’s request for a bad conduct discharge, standing alone, is not evidence of mental incapacity and there is no other evidence in this record tending to raise any reasonable doubt that the accused was and is sane. Indeed, trial defense counsel assured the military judge that Doctor Short had not “entered any findings” that the defendant was not mentally competent and expressed his own satisfaction that there was no problem along those lines. Thus, there was no further duty on the military judge to inquire into the mental capacity of the accused to stand trial. See U. S. v. Weatherford, 19 U.S.C.M.A. 424, 42 C.M.R. 26 (1970); U. S. v. Drake, 21 U.S.C.M.A. 226, 44 C.M.R. 280 (1972); U. S. v. Lopez-Malave, 4 U.S.C.M.A. 341, 15 C.M.R. 341 (1954); U. S. v. Lewis, 14 U.S.C.M.A. 79, 33 C.M.R. 291 (1963); U. S. v. Sexton, 1 M.J. 679 (N.C.M.R.1975); U. S. v. Riege, 5 M.J. 938 (N.C.M.R.1978) petition for review by U.S.C.M.A. denied 6 M.J. 196; U. S. v. Walker, 20 U.S.C.M.A. 241, 43 C.M.R. 81 (1971).

The district legal officer did not mention a possible issue of the accused’s mental capacity to stand trial nor was discussion of such an issue required. A legal officer writing the review of a record of trial is permitted to presume that the accused was mentally competent to stand trial and is not required to discuss the question of the accused’s mental capacity unless the issue is raised by the record or by other evidence brought to the legal officer’s attention. No such evidence in the record or allied papers was before the district legal officer so as to require discussion in this case. Nor was there any requirement, as contended by appellate defense counsel, [545]*545that the officer exercising general court-martial jurisdiction should have been advised that the accused’s guilty pleas to the offenses of which he was convicted was a mitigating factor to be considered in determining what parts or amounts of the sentence should be approved. Paragraph 85b, MCM, 1969 (Rev.); U. S. v. Fields, 9 U.S.C.M.A. 70, 25 C.M.R. 332 (1958); U. S. v. Jemison, 10 U.S.C.M.A. 472, 28 C.M.R. 38 (1959).

After the military judge had announced the sentence of confinement at hard labor for - six months, forfeiture of $265.00 per month for six months, reduction to pay grade E-l and discharge from the service with a bad conduct discharge, he attempted to explain his rationale for the sentence adjudged as follows:

“I’ve imposed the maximum sentence on you. In doing so — I’m doing this because this is about as flagrant, the flaunting of the law in respect to the offenses that you have been convicted of and plead guilty to, as I have ever seen. You, so to speak, just slammed your enlistment and oath down and said to hell with it, I took an oath once but I have decided that I am not going to adhere to it, my work is no good. You can’t under those circumstances, expect me to believe you will at this point keep your word in respect to anything else, even though you’ve indicated that you might.

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Related

United States v. Lewis
34 M.J. 745 (U.S. Navy-Marine Corps Court of Military Review, 1991)
United States v. Bowen
17 M.J. 557 (U.S. Army Court of Military Review, 1983)
United States v. Wallace
14 M.J. 869 (U S Coast Guard Court of Military Review, 1982)

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Bluebook (online)
9 M.J. 542, 1980 CMR LEXIS 631, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-dotson-cgcomilrev-1980.