United States v. Daniel Ballard

CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedMarch 19, 2018
Docket17-2640
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. Daniel Ballard (United States v. Daniel Ballard) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Daniel Ballard, (7th Cir. 2018).

Opinion

In the

United States Court of Appeals For the Seventh Circuit ____________________ No. 17‐2640 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, Plaintiff‐Appellant,

v.

DANIEL BALLARD, Defendant‐Appellee. ____________________

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Central District of Illinois. No. 15‐cr‐20022 — James E. Shadid, Judge. ____________________

ARGUED FEBRUARY 15, 2018 — DECIDED MARCH 19, 2018 ____________________

Before BAUER, FLAUM, and MANION, Circuit Judges. FLAUM, Circuit Judge. The government alleges Daniel Bal‐ lard fraudulently obtained construction loans from a bank. After Ballard was convicted on three counts of bank fraud, his attorney obtained a previously undisclosed audio recording of an adverse witness in Ballard’s trial, made during the course of a prior, unrelated criminal investigation. Ballard moved for a new trial as a result of this newly discovered ev‐ 2 No. 17‐2640

idence. The district court found certain portions of the record‐ ing favorable and material to Ballard’s defense and granted him a new trial. The United States appeals. We affirm. I. Background Ballard’s alleged fraudulent scheme was as follows: Bal‐ lard obtained a $280,000 construction loan from the State Bank of Herscher (“SBH”) to construct a residence at 3013 Stone Fence Drive in Kankakee, Illinois (“the Stone Fence Prop‐ erty”). After some time, he realized he was “in over his head” and requested an additional $90,000 loan to finish the prop‐ erty. As there was insufficient equity to cover the requested amount, SBH only lent him $20,000. To make up the balance, Ballard sought and obtained construction loans on two other properties in Bradley, Illinois: 411 North Center and 248 North Center (“the North Center Properties”). Joseph Grant was the SBH loan officer for all three properties. To obtain funds under the loans, Ballard was required to submit Sworn Contractor’s Statements and Owner’s Payment Authorizations to the Kankakee County Title Company (“KCTC”). On the forms, Ballard identified the material and labor costs supposedly associated with his work on the North Center Properties. KCTC forwarded the forms to SBH, which then released funds back to KCTC to disburse to Ballard. In total, Ballard obtained approximately $188,000 for the North Center Properties. In reality, however, no work was ac‐ tually performed; instead, Ballard used the funds to complete construction on the Stone Fence Property. On March 21, 2012, an SBH employee discovered Ballard’s scheme. When con‐ No. 17‐2640 3

fronted by Charles Riker, the president of SBH, Ballard alleg‐ edly acknowledged that he had misrepresented his work on the North Center Properties. On June 2, 2015, Ballard was charged with three counts of bank fraud in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1344. At trial, Ballard admitted that he had misdirected funds allocated for the North Center Properties to the Stone Fence Property. How‐ ever, he maintained two separate legal defenses. The first was a “good faith” defense—Ballard asserted that Grant and his supervisors not only knew, but authorized Ballard’s acts and pressured him to complete the Stone Fence Property. Second, Ballard claimed he did not read or sign the supposedly fraud‐ ulent loan documents prior to their submission to KCTC, and implied that someone else forged his signature.1

1 The government sought to exclude Ballard’s good faith defense, ar‐

guing that “[t]he law is pretty clear that a loan officer is not the bank. So that if a loan officer was somehow … complicit in the bank fraud, the vic‐ tim is still the bank. It wouldnʹt be a defense for the defendant.” That may be true. See United States v. Allender, 62 F.3d 909, 915–916 (7th Cir. 1995). However, the district court denied the government’s motion, noting that Ballard’s theory was not limited solely to Grant but also included his su‐ periors at SBH. The court stated: [A]t some point the bank is its people, right? If everybody in the bank—letʹs just go crazy here—if everybody in the bank tells Beaumontʹs client, you go ahead, you can do this, then you canʹt come back later and argue that the bank is this building and not the people, right? Thus, the district court allowed Ballard to “explore whether this goes up past Mr. Grant under his theory.” The government continues to maintain that the good faith defense is precluded. Since we find the recording is favorable and material to Ballard’s defense that he did not read the loan 4 No. 17‐2640

In response, Grant testified that he never told Ballard to use the North Center loan proceeds at the Stone Fence Prop‐ erty or knew that Ballard was doing so. At the conclusion of the trial, a jury convicted Ballard of all three counts. On February 8, 2017, Ballard filed a motion for a new trial. Ballard’s motion centered on a surreptitious audio recording of Grant made during a prior, unrelated federal investigation centering on Scott Fitts (“the Fitts investigation”). Notably, Lawrence Beaumont—Ballard’s attorney here—represented Fitts during those criminal proceedings. In 2007, Fitts ob‐ tained a personal loan from SBH, with Grant serving as his loan officer. Fitts later pleaded guilty to at least one criminal violation related to the loan. Fitts signed a cooperation agree‐ ment as part of his plea, and was later directed to audio record a conversation with Grant. In that approximately one‐hour re‐ cording, Fitts and Grant discussed various matters relating to Fitts’s alleged misconduct and Grant and SBH’s involvement. Ballard alleged that the day after the jury verdict was an‐ nounced, Fitts called Beaumont and told him about the Grant recording. Based on the contents of the recording, Ballard moved for a new trial, arguing that the government had im‐ properly suppressed evidence capable of impeaching Grant’s credibility. The district court agreed, vacated Ballard’s convic‐ tion, and ordered a new trial. According to the district court, Ballard’s defense that he did not read the loan documents “may have been a much more plausible defense had the Gov‐ ernment turned over the Grant recording prior to trial.” This appeal followed.

statements, we need not address whether the good faith defense is plausi‐ ble here. No. 17‐2640 5

II. Discussion Under Brady v. Maryland, a defendant can obtain a new trial if he shows that evidence suppressed by the government was favorable and material to either his guilt or punishment. See 373 U.S. 83, 88–89 (1963); see also United States v. Veras, 51 F.3d 1365, 1374 (7th Cir. 1995).2 Whether evidence is favorable and material “is legally simple but factually complex.” Turner v. United States, 137 S. Ct. 1885, 1893 (2017). Indeed, “[w]e must examine the trial record, ‘evaluat[e]’ the withheld evi‐ dence ‘in the context of the entire record,’ and determine in light of that examination whether ‘there is a reasonable prob‐ ability that, had the evidence been disclosed, the result of the proceeding would have been different.’” Id. (second alteration in original) (first quoting United States v. Agurs, 427 U.S. 97, 112 (1976); then quoting Cone v. Bell, 556 U.S. 449, 470 (2009)). Generally, we review a grant or denial of a motion for a new trial under an abuse of discretion standard. United States v. Lawson, 810 F.3d 1032

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United States v. Daniel Ballard, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-daniel-ballard-ca7-2018.