United States v. Culbertson

406 F. App'x 56
CourtCourt of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit
DecidedDecember 22, 2010
DocketNo. 10-1871
StatusPublished

This text of 406 F. App'x 56 (United States v. Culbertson) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Culbertson, 406 F. App'x 56 (7th Cir. 2010).

Opinion

ORDER

Elizabeth Culbertson pleaded guilty to one count of bank fraud. See 18 U.S.C. § 1344. She was sentenced to a total of 12 months’ and a day imprisonment, roughly three months below the guidelines range. Culbertson argues on appeal that the district court did not adequately consider her family circumstances, while using her religious background as an aggravating factor during sentencing. The district court explicitly considered the effect of Culbertson’s incarceration on her youngest son, which was the focus of her argument at sentencing. And rather than using Culbertson’s religious background as a basis for sentencing, the district court made two isolated references that highlighted Culbertson’s advantaged background and her selfish motivation for the crime. Because the district court adequately considered Culbertson’s family circumstances and did not rely on her religious background in sentencing, we affirm.

Culbertson pleaded guilty to stealing $141,665 from her employer, South Division Credit Union in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 1344. The government, Culbertson, the probation department, and the district judge all agreed that the properly calculated guidelines sentencing range is 15 to 21 months. Culbertson, however, asked the court to impose home confinement, arguing that incarceration would be too harsh given the detrimental effect on her children, ages nineteen, ten, nine, and two. Although she noted that her two middle children had a typical dependence on Culbertson, she argued that her role as the primary caregiver to the three minor children, particularly a young son with a congenital heart condition, warranted a sentence significantly below the guidelines range. Culbertson also contended that incarceration is inappropriate because it would not account for potential collateral consequences, such as the loss of custody of her children and the collapse of her marriage. (She and her husband had already separated.)

At sentencing, the judge balanced Culbertson’s family circumstances against the gravity of her crime. The judge discussed the positive family environment in which she was raised by noting that in contrast to the bulk of the people sentenced by the court, Culbertson did not come from abject poverty, a broken family, or an environment filled with violence. The judge pointed out that Culbertson grew up in a family setting imbued with loyalty, hard work, and integrity, that her close family sent her to Catholic grade school, and that this background taught Culbertson about [58]*58“right and wrong and family and community.”

The judge then discussed the aggravating factors, noting that the fraud involved close to 20 separate transactions and a sizable amount of money, and that Culbertson still blamed her supervisor and husband for her criminal behavior. The judge also mentioned the need for general deterrence in the current economic downturn. She then turned to the mitigating circumstances, recognizing Culbertson’s spotless criminal history, her willingness to plead immediately, and the health and well-being of her youngest son. Finally, recalling that Culbertson’s father had worked two jobs to send Culbertson to Catholic school, the judge was troubled that Culbertson spent the fruits of her fraudulent behavior on luxuries for her husband rather than on her children’s education, a mortgage, or medical care.

The court settled on a below-range sentence of 12 months and a day. The court expressed concern that the youngest child might need surgery and explained that Culbertson’s term of incarceration could be scheduled to allow her to be with him during that time. Additionally, the court agreed to allow Culbertson to begin her term of incarceration after the completion of the school year, presumably for the benefit of her middle two children since her youngest son was not yet enrolled in school.

On appeal, Culbertson first argues that the district court erred by considering the effects of her incarceration only on her youngest son and not on her two middle children. The regime created by Rita v. United States, 551 U.S. 338, 127 S.Ct. 2456, 168 L.Ed.2d 203 (2007), imposes a procedural requirement that the district court adequately explain a sentence in light of the factors set forth in 18 U.S.C § 3553(a). United States v. Miranda, 505 F.3d 785, 791 (7th Cir.2007); United States v. Wallace, 458 F.3d 606, 609 (7th Cir. 2006). It is not, however, obligated to comment on every argument a defendant raises, particularly an argument that lacks any conceivable merit. Miranda, 505 F.3d at 792; United States v. Gary, 613 F.3d 706, 709 (7th Cir.2010).

The guidelines instruct that “family ties and responsibilities are not ordinarily relevant in determining whether a departure may be warranted.” U.S.S.G. § 5H1.6. Thus mitigation arguments relying on the effects of incarceration on children must identify effects that go beyond those that any child “must suffer when a parent is imprisoned.” Gary, 613 F.3d at 710; United States v. Schroeder, 536 F.3d 746, 755 (7th Cir.2008). Arguments relying on the general hardships that most families suffer when a parent is imprisoned do not require discussion at all. Gary, 613 F.3d at 710.

Neither Culbertson’s sentencing memorandum nor her counsel argued that her incarceration would cause her middle two sons unusual disruption. Rather, while noting that their relationship with their father was not strong, Culbertson described their attachment to their mother as “typical.” Given Culbertson’s failure to identify any extraordinary effects on her middle two sons, the district court was not obligated to explain its reason for not treating these effects as mitigating. Gary, 613 F.3d at 710.

Culbertson characterizes as extraordinary the possibility that her estranged husband will obtain custody of their children, separating them from their grandfather and stepbrother. But this court treats the ability of a competent parent who is not incarcerated to take care of the children as a factor diminishing the harshness of incarceration. United States v. [59]*59Jaderany, 221 F.3d 989, 996 (7th Cir.2000) (recognizing that “a defendant’s ability to rely on a supportive spouse or other relatives to look after his children makes his case for a downward departure less compelling”). Moreover this court has held that no extraordinary family circumstance arises even if a sentence results in a defendant’s deportation, if the defendant’s children remain under another parent’s care in the United States. United States v. Hernandez, 325 F.3d 811, 816 (7th Cir. 2003).

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Related

Rita v. United States
551 U.S. 338 (Supreme Court, 2007)
United States v. Gary
613 F.3d 706 (Seventh Circuit, 2010)
United States v. Carmen Hernandez
325 F.3d 811 (Seventh Circuit, 2003)
United States v. Darryl Wallace
458 F.3d 606 (Seventh Circuit, 2006)
United States v. Anderson
583 F.3d 504 (Seventh Circuit, 2009)
United States v. Miranda
505 F.3d 785 (Seventh Circuit, 2007)
United States v. Schroeder
536 F.3d 746 (Seventh Circuit, 2008)

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406 F. App'x 56, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-culbertson-ca7-2010.