United States v. Cor-Bon Co.

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided April 25, 2002·No. 00-2420·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21  8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RU%RQ 1R 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

&XVWRP%XOOHW&R (/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

&6XEMHFWPDWWHUs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mVXFKIDLOXUHLVVXEMHFWWRKDUPOHVVHUURUUHYLHZl3UHQWLVV   )G DW   *LYHQ RXU SUHYLRXV GLVSRVLWLRQ RI WKH &25%21 &86720 %8//(7  TXHVWLRQRIKDUPOHVVHUURU&RU%RQjVDUJXPHQWIDLOV &2  'HIHQGDQW$SSHOODQW  ,,,&RQFOXVLRQ  1 )RUWKHIRUHJRLQJUHDVRQVWKHMXGJPHQWRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW LV$)),50(' $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQDW'HWURLW 1Rn%HUQDUG$)ULHGPDQ'LVWULFWsXGJH 6XEPLWWHG0DUFK 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG$SULO %HIRUH.(11('<DQG%2**6&LUFXLWsXGJHV &2))0$1'LVWULFWsXGJH

7KH +RQRUDEOH sHQQLIHU % &RIIPDQ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV 'LVWULFW sXGJH IRU WKH (DVWHUQ DQG :HVWHUQ 'LVWULFWV RI .HQWXFN\ VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

  8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RU%RQ 1R 1R 8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RU%RQ  &XVWRP%XOOHW&R &XVWRP%XOOHW&R

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB WKDW &RU%RQ ZDV GLVDGYDQWDJHG LQ DQ\ ZD\ E\ WKH LQGLFWPHQWjVDOOHJHGGHILFLHQF\,QVWHDGWKHUHFRUGLQGLFDWHV &2816(/ WKDW &RU%RQ NQHZ ZKLFK VSHFLILF DIILUPDWLYH DFWV LW ZDV DFFXVHG RI FRPPLWWLQJ DQG SXUVXHG D YLJRURXV GHIHQVH WR 21 %5,()  6WHSKHQ s 'XQQ 7UR\ 0LFKLJDQ IRU DWWHPSW WR VKRZ WKDW LW KDG QRW FRPPLWWHG WKHP  )RU $SSHOODQW  .ULVKQD 6 'LJKH $66,67$17 81,7(' H[DPSOH LQ DGGLWLRQ WR LWV SURELQJ FURVVH[DPLQDWLRQ RI 67$7(6$77251(<'HWURLW0LFKLJDQIRU$SSHOOHH %DPEL )LVFKHU &RU%RQ SUHVHQWHG WKH WHVWLPRQ\ RI WZR H[SHUWZLWQHVVHVLQRUGHUWRUHIXWHWKHJRYHUQPHQWjVFDVH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 7KH 6XSUHPH &RXUW KDV REVHUYHG WKDW WKHUH KDV EHHQ D 23,1,21 mGULIW RI WKH ODZ DZD\ IURP WKH UXOHV RI WHFKQLFDO DQG BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB IRUPDOL]HGSOHDGLQJlDQGWKDWWKHUHIRUHmFRQYLFWLRQVDUHQR ORQJHUUHYHUVHGEHFDXVHRIPLQRUDQGWHFKQLFDOGHILFLHQFLHV &2))0$1'LVWULFWsXGJH7KLVDSSHDOUDLVHVWKHTXHVWLRQ ZKLFKG>R@QRWSUHMXGLFHWKHDFFXVHGl5XVVHOO86DW RI ZKHWKHU D IHORQ\ FRQYLFWLRQ IRU WD[ HYDVLRQ XQGHU    $FFRUGLQJ WR WKH &RXUW WKLV WUHQG FXOPLQDWHG LQ WKH 86&†PXVWEHUHYHUVHGEHFDXVHWKHLQGLFWPHQWGLG DGRSWLRQRI)HG5&ULP3 D ZKLFKSURYLGHVWKDWm>D@Q\ QRWDOOHJHVSHFLILFDIILUPDWLYHDFWVRIHYDVLRQ%HFDXVHWKH HUURUGHIHFWLUUHJXODULW\RUYDULDQFHZKLFKGRHVQRWDIIHFW GHIHQGDQWKDVQRWVXIIHUHGSUHMXGLFHDVDUHVXOWRIWKHDOOHJHG VXEVWDQWLDOULJKWVVKDOOEHGLVUHJDUGHGlm6XEVWDQWLDOULJKWV GHIHFWZH$)),50WKHGLVWULFWFRXUWjVMXGJPHQW LQWXUQDUHDIIHFWHGRQO\ZKHQDGHIHQGDQWVKRZVµSUHMXGLFH ,%DFNJURXQG WRKLVDELOLW\WRGHIHQGKLPVHOIDWWULDOWRWKHJHQHUDOIDLUQHVV RI WKH WULDO RU WR WKH LQGLFWPHQWjV VXIILFLHQF\ WR EDU &RU%RQ &XVWRP %XOOHW &R m&RU%RQl  PDQXIDFWXUHV VXEVHTXHQWSURVHFXWLRQVjl8QLWHG6WDWHVY+DWKDZD\ ILUHDUP DPPXQLWLRQ   86& †  LPSRVHV DQ  )G   WK &LU   TXRWLQJ 8QLWHG 6WDWHV Y H[FLVH WD[ RQ DOO WD[DEOH VDOHV RI DPPXQLWLRQ E\ VXFK 0LOOHU  86   Q    7KLV UXOH LV IXOO\ PDQXIDFWXUHUV&RU%RQZDVLQGLFWHGRQVL[WHHQFRXQWVRI DSSOLFDEOHWRWKHSUHVHQWDSSHDO$V&RU%RQIDLOHGWRPHHW WD[HYDVLRQXQGHU86&†IRUDOOHJHGO\HYDGLQJLWV LWV EXUGHQ RI SURYLQJ SUHMXGLFH DQG KDV QRW HYHQ DOOHJHG †WD[OLDELOLW\GXULQJHDFKFDOHQGDUTXDUWHUIURP SUHMXGLFHDQ\GHIHFWLQWKHLQGLFWPHQWZDVKDUPOHVVHUURU WKURXJKE\UHSRUWLQJRQO\SDUWRILWVDPPXQLWLRQVDOHV 6HHLGDW8QLWHG6WDWHVY:LOOLDPV)G (DFKFRXQWWUDFNLQJWKHDSSOLFDEOHVWDWXWRU\ODQJXDJHUHDG WK &LU    7R KROG RWKHUZLVH ZRXOG EH WR KROG WKH JRYHUQPHQWmWRVXFKVWULFWQHVVRIDYHUPHQWVDVPLJKWGHIHDW WKHHQGVRIMXVWLFHl/RWW)GDW

 7KH GLVWULFW FRXUW GLG QRW UXOH WKDW DQ\ GHIHFW LQ WKH LQGLFWPHQW   86& †  SURYLGHV LQ SHUWLQHQW SDUW WKDW m>D@Q\ SHUVRQ ZKR FRQVWLWXWHG KDUPOHVV HUURU

'DQLHO)GDWEXWVHH/RWWY8QLWHG6WDWHV 2QRUDERXW>GDWH@LQWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI0LFKLJDQ )G WK&LU DVVHUWLQJWKDW6SLHVGLGQRWDGG 6RXWKHUQ 'LYLVLRQ 'HIHQGDQWV 3(7(5 3, DQG &25 DVXEVWDQWLYHHOHPHQWWRDQRIIHQVHXQGHU†EXWRQO\ %21 &86720 %8//(7 &2 ZLOOIXOO\ DWWHPSWHG WR FRQVWUXHGWKHVWDWXWRU\ ODQJXDJHmZLOOIXOO\DWWHPSWVLQDQ\ HYDGH DQG GHIHDW D WD[ LPSRVHG XQGHU WKLV WLWOH RU WKH PDQQHUWRGHIHDWDQ\WD[l  SD\PHQWWKHUHRIRQDPPXQLWLRQVDOHVWKDWZHUHGXHDQG RZLQJIURP&25%21&86720%8//(7&2IRUWKH %+DUPOHVV(UURU >

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Cor-Bon Co., (6th Cir. 2002).

United States v. Cor-Bon Co. (United States v. Cor-Bon Co.) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.