United States v. Cope, Terry

Court of Appeals for the Sixth Circuit·Decided November 19, 2002·No. 00-5797·Published

Opinion

5(&200(1'(' )25 )8//7(;7 38%/,&$7,21 3XUVXDQW WR 6L[WK &LUFXLW 5XOH 

(/(&7521,& &,7$7,21  )(' $SS 3 WK &LU )LOH 1DPH DS

81,7('67$7(6&28572)$33($/6 )257+(6,;7+&,5&8,7 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

81,7(' 67$7(6 2) $0(5,&$ ; 3ODLQWLII$SSHOOHH    1RV Y  !  5$1'$// &23(   DQG 7(55< :$<1( &23(     'HIHQGDQWV$SSHOODQWV   1 $SSHDOIURPWKH8QLWHG6WDWHV'LVWULFW&RXUW IRUWKH(DVWHUQ'LVWULFWRI.HQWXFN\DW&RYLQJWRQ 1RnsHQQLIHU%&RIIPDQ'LVWULFWsXGJH $UJXHG6HSWHPEHU 'HFLGHGDQG)LOHG1RYHPEHU %HIRUH'$8*+75(<*,/0$1DQG*,%621&LUFXLW sXGJHV

7KH +RQRUDEOH sRKQ 5 *LEVRQ 6HQLRU &LUFXLW sXGJH RI WKH 8QLWHG 6WDWHV &RXUW RI $SSHDOV IRU WKH (LJKWK &LUFXLW VLWWLQJ E\ GHVLJQDWLRQ

  8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RSH 1RV

BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB &2816(/ $5*8('  +DUU\ 3 +HOOLQJV sU +(//,1*6 3,6$&$12 &RYLQJWRQ .HQWXFN\ .HYLQ 0 0F1DOO\ 0F1$//<  2j'211(// )UDQNIRUW .HQWXFN\ IRU $SSHOODQWV  )UHGHULFN $ 6WLQH 9 $66,67$17 81,7(' 67$7(6$77251(<&RYLQJWRQ.HQWXFN\IRU$SSHOOHH 21 %5,()  +DUU\ 3 +HOOLQJV sU +(//,1*6 3,6$&$12 &RYLQJWRQ .HQWXFN\ .HYLQ 0 0F1DOO\ 0F1$//<  2j'211(// )UDQNIRUW .HQWXFN\ IRU $SSHOODQWV  )UHGHULFN $ 6WLQH 9 (GZLQ s :DOERXUQ ,,, $66,67$1781,7('67$7(6$77251(<6&RYLQJWRQ .HQWXFN\ &KDUOHV 3 :LVGRP sU $66,67$17 81,7(' 67$7(6$77251(</H[LQJWRQ.HQWXFN\IRU$SSHOOHH BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 23,1,21 BBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB 521$/'/((*,/0$1&LUFXLWsXGJH%URWKHUV5DQGDOO &RSHDQG7HUU\&RSH FROOHFWLYHO\WKH&RSHV ZHUHLQGLFWHG RQHOHYHQFRXQWVRIDWWHPSWHGPXUGHUDQGILUHDUPYLRODWLRQV 7KH &RSHV ZHUH FRQYLFWHG E\ D MXU\ RQ WHQ RI WKH FRXQWV 5DQGDOO ZDV VXEVHTXHQWO\ VHQWHQFHG WR  PRQWKVj LPSULVRQPHQWDQG7HUU\WRPRQWKVjLPSULVRQPHQW%RWK QRZDSSHDOUDLVLQJDP\ULDGRILVVXHV)RUWKHUHDVRQVVHW IRUWKEHORZZH$)),50WKHMXGJPHQWVRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW ,%$&.*5281' 7KLV FDVH FHQWHUV DURXQG DOOHJDWLRQV UHODWLQJ WR WKH DWWHPSWHGPXUGHUVRI6DUDKsDFNVRQ(OL]DEHWKDQG5RQDOG 1LPPRDQGIRUPHU$VVLVWDQW8QLWHG6WDWHV$WWRUQH\ $86$ 'DYLG%XQQLQJsDFNVRQLV5DQGDOOjVIRUPHUILDQFHpDQG (OL]DEHWK 1LPPR ZKR LV PDUULHG WR 5RQDOG 1LPPR LV 7HUU\jVH[ZLIH$86$%XQQLQJUHSUHVHQWHGWKHJRYHUQPHQW LQSUHWULDOSURFHHGLQJVLQYROYLQJWKH&RSHV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RSH 

2Q0D\5DQGDOOZDVDUUHVWHGRQDFRPSODLQWRI LQWHUQHW KDUDVVPHQW DQG FUHGLW FDUG IUDXG  5DQGDOO KDG DOOHJHGO\ORJJHGRQWRWKHHPDLODFFRXQWRIsDFNVRQZLWKRXW KHU SHUPLVVLRQ DQG VHQW WKUHDWHQLQJ DQG KDUDVVLQJ HPDLO PHVVDJHVWRsDFNVRQjVDFTXDLQWDQFHV+HDOVRXVHGKHUFUHGLW FDUG WR SXUFKDVH FRPSXWHU HTXLSPHQW RQ WKH LQWHUQHW sDFNVRQ KDG WHUPLQDWHG KHU UHODWLRQVKLS ZLWK 5DQGDOO LQ 1RYHPEHURI $WWKHWLPHRIKLVDUUHVW5DQGDOOFRQVHQWHGWRWKHVHDUFKRI KLVFDUE\ODZHQIRUFHPHQWRIILFHUV7KHVHDUFKXQFRYHUHGD FDOLEHUUHYROYHU5DQGDOOSRVWHGERQGZDVUHOHDVHGDQG KLVWULDOGDWHFRQWLQXHGXQWLO)HEUXDU\ ,QWKHLQWHULP0DUVKDOO&RXQW\.HQWXFN\ODZHQIRUFHPHQW RIILFHUVDUUHVWHG5DQGDOORQ'HFHPEHUIRUVHQGLQJ KDUDVVLQJ FRPPXQLFDWLRQV LQ WKH IRUP RI QXGH SLFWXUHV RI sDFNVRQWKDW5DQGDOOKDGSODFHGRQWKHGULYHZD\RIsDFNVRQjV IDWKHU  $V D UHVXOW 5DQGDOOjV ERQG VWHPPLQJ IURP WKH FRPSODLQWRILQWHUQHWKDUDVVPHQWDQGFUHGLWFDUGIUDXGZDV UHYRNHGDQGKHZDVUHWXUQHGWRMDLOWRDZDLWWULDO $W VRPH SRLQW EHIRUH 5DQGDOOjV ERQG ZDV UHYRNHGnWKH WLPH SHULRG OHW DORQH WKH H[DFW GDWH LV XQFOHDU IURP WKH UHFRUGn6KLUOH\6KHSKHUGDQDFTXDLQWDQFHRIWKH&RSHVDQG DORFDOJXQGHDOHUKDGDFRQYHUVDWLRQZLWK5DQGDOO5DQGDOO WROGKLPWKDW7HUU\mKDGDSUREOHPDQGWKDWLI>7HUU\@GLGQjW KDYHDZLWQHVVDJDLQVWKLPWKDWKLVEURWKHUZRXOG>QR ORQJHU@ KDYH D SUREOHPl  7KH SUREOHP WKDW 5DQGDOO ZDV UHIHUULQJWRLQYROYHGVWDWHFULPLQDOFKDUJHVWKDWZHUHSHQGLQJ DJDLQVW7HUU\LQ7HQQHVVHH+HWKHQH[SODLQHGWR6KLUOH\WKDW KHZRXOGSD\IRUVRPHRQHmWRJHWWKHMREGRQHl 5DQGDOOjV VLVWHU SRVWHG ERQG IRU sDVRQ *ULIILWK RQH RI 5DQGDOOjVFHOOPDWHVRQsDQXDU\,QH[FKDQJHIRUWKH ERQGPRQH\*ULIILWKDJUHHGWRmNQRFNRIIlsDFNVRQ5DQGDOO WROG*ULIILWKWRZDLWIRUDWHOHSKRQHFDOODFDOOWKDW*ULIILWK QHYHU UHFHLYHG  +H WKHQ WROG *ULIILWK WKDW D PHPEHU RI 5DQGDOOjVIDPLO\ZRXOGNLOOsDFNVRQLI*ULIILWKFRXOGQRWGR VR  5DQGDOO H[SUHVVHG VLPLODU VHQWLPHQWV WR RQH RI KLV EXVLQHVVSDUWQHUV&KDUOHV6WHZDUW+HDVNHG6WHZDUWLIKH  8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RSH 1RV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RSH 

NQHZ ZK\ sDFNVRQ GLG QRW ZDQW WR GDWH KLP  6WHZDUW WKH GLVWULFW FRXUW GLG QRW DEXVH LWV GLVFUHWLRQ LQ GHQ\LQJ UHVSRQGHGE\VD\LQJWKDWsDFNVRQZDVDIUDLG5DQGDOOZRXOG 7HUU\jVPRWLRQWRVHYHU NLOOKHU5DQGDOOUHSOLHGWKDWKHZRXOGQRWNLOOKHUEXWWKDWKH NQHZSHRSOHZKRZRXOGNLOOKHUIRUKLP ,,,&21&/86,21 2Q sDQXDU\   WHQ GD\V EHIRUH sDFNVRQ ZDV )RU DOO RI WKH UHDVRQV VHW IRUWK DERYH ZH $)),50 WKH VFKHGXOHG WR WHVWLI\ DJDLQVW 5DQGDOO UHJDUGLQJ WKH LQWHUQHW MXGJPHQWVRIWKHGLVWULFWFRXUW KDUDVVPHQW DQG FUHGLW FDUG IUDXG FKDUJHV VRPHRQH ILUHG JXQVKRWVDWWKHFDULQZKLFKsDFNVRQDQGKHUVRQZHUHVLWWLQJ DV WKH\ ZHUH DERXW WR SXOO RXW RI WKHLU KRPHjV JDUDJH LQ )ORUHQFH.HQWXFN\)LYHEXOOHWVZKLFKZHUHILUHGIURPD FDOLEHU UHYROYHU SHQHWUDWHG sDFNVRQjV FDU  7KH ULIOLQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLFVVKRZHGWKDWWKHEXOOHWVFRXOGKDYHEHHQILUHG IURPRQHRIWKUHHFDOLEHUUHYROYHUVODWHUIRXQGDWWKHKRPH RI WKH &RSHVj IDWKHU RU IURP WKH  FDOLEHU UHYROYHU GLVFRYHUHG IRXU PRQWKV ODWHU LQ WKH \DUG RI 7HUU\jV KRXVH %XWWKHEXOOHWVDOVRFRXOGKDYHEHHQILUHGIURPDQ\RIWR  PLOOLRQ RWKHU KDQGJXQV ZLWK WKH VDPH ULIOLQJ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV sDFNVRQ GLG QRW VHH ZKR ILUHG WKH VKRWV  6KH EHOLHYHG KRZHYHUWKDW5DQGDOOSOD\HGDUROHLQWKHVKRRWLQJGXHWRWKH WXPXOWXRXVQDWXUHRIWKHLUUHODWLRQVKLSWKHIDFWWKDWsDFNVRQ KDGWHVWLILHGDW5DQGDOOjVGHWHQWLRQKHDULQJDQGZDVVFKHGXOHG WRWHVWLI\DWKLVWULDODQG5DQGDOOjVKDYLQJFRQILGHGLQKHUWKDW KHZLVKHGWRKDYHKLVH[ZLIH6DQG\ZKRFXUUHQWO\UHVLGHV LQ'HQYHU&RORUDGRNLOOHGZLWKDQXQUHJLVWHUHGJXQ 5DQGDOOWDONHGWRWZRRWKHUIHOORZLQPDWHVsDPHV+LDWWDQG &DUO&OD\DERXWKLVGHVLUHWRKDYHsDFNVRQNLOOHG7KHGD\ DIWHU WKH VKRRWLQJ 5DQGDOO WROG &OD\ WKDW mLI VRPHWKLQJ KDSSHQHGWRKLP 5DQGDOO VRPHRQHLQKLVIDPLO\ZRXOG NLOO KHUl  $IWHU 5DQGDOO WDONHG ZLWK +LDWW DERXW KDYLQJ sDFNVRQ NLOOHG +LDWW FRQWDFWHG D )HGHUDO %XUHDX RI ,QYHVWLJDWLRQDJHQWZKRWROG+LDWWWRJLYH5DQGDOOWKHQDPH m%LOOlLI5DQGDOODSSURDFKHGKLPDJDLQDERXWNLOOLQJsDFNVRQ 7KHDJHQWDOVRVXSSOLHG+LDWWZLWKWKHSKRQHQXPEHURI%LOO ZKR ZDV LQ DFWXDOLW\ DQ XQGHUFRYHU VHUJHDQW ZLWK WKH &DPSEHOO&RXQW\3ROLF\'HSDUWPHQW  8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RSH 1RV 1RV 8QLWHG6WDWHVY&RSH 

Free access — add to your briefcase to read the full text and ask questions with AI

United States v. Cope, Terry, (6th Cir. 2002).

United States v. Cope, Terry (United States v. Cope, Terry) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.