United States v. Carl McNeil, Jr.

• Court: Court of Appeals for the Fourth Circuit
• Decided: June 26, 2025
• Docket: 22-4308
• Status: Unpublished

Opinion

USCA4 Appeal: 22-4308 Doc: 50 Filed: 06/26/2025 Pg: 1 of 4

ON REHEARING

UNPUBLISHED

UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE FOURTH CIRCUIT

No. 22-4308

UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,

Plaintiff - Appellee,

v.

CARL RAY MCNEIL, JR.,

Defendant - Appellant.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Eastern District of North Carolina, at Wilmington. Terrence W. Boyle, District Judge. (7:02-cr-00098-BO-1)

Submitted: June 23, 2025 Decided: June 26, 2025

Before NIEMEYER, WYNN, and HARRIS, Circuit Judges.

Affirmed by unpublished per curiam opinion.

ON BRIEF: Raymond C. Tarlton, TARLTON LAW PLLC, Raleigh, North Carolina, for Appellant. Michael F. Easley, Jr., United States Attorney, David A. Bragdon, Lucy P. Brown, Assistant United States Attorneys, OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ATTORNEY, Raleigh, North Carolina; Kenneth A. Polite, Jr., Assistant Attorney General, Lisa H. Miller, Deputy Assistant Attorney General, Thomas E. Booth, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Washington, D.C., for Appellee.

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PER CURIAM:

Carl Ray McNeil, Jr., pled guilty to possessing a firearm as a convicted felon, in

violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1), and using a firearm in furtherance of a crime of

violence, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 924(c)(1). McNeil appealed his 365-month sentence,

arguing that the district court’s factfinding in sentencing him under the Armed Career

Criminal Act (ACCA), 18 U.S.C. § 924(e), violated the Fifth and Sixth Amendments. The

Supreme Court vacated our prior decision affirming McNeil’s sentence and remanded this

case to us for further consideration in light of Erlinger v. United States, 602 U.S. 821

(2024). See McNeil v. United States, 144 S. Ct. 2712, 2713 (2024). We then vacated

McNeil’s sentence in light of Erlinger. The Government now has filed a petition for panel

rehearing, arguing that the district court’s error in sentencing McNeil as an armed career

criminal was harmless. In light of our recent ruling in United States v. Brown, 136 F.4th

87 (4th Cir. 2025), * we agree that the Erlinger error in this case was harmless. We therefore

grant panel rehearing and affirm the criminal judgment.

Erlinger confirms that the district court constitutionally erred in finding McNeil’s

ACCA-predicate convictions involved crimes that were “committed on occasions different

from one another.” 18 U.S.C. § 924(e). However, this error does not require remand if the

Government can demonstrate that the error was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt.

Brown, 136 F.4th at 96 (rejecting defendant’s “argument that an Erlinger error is per se

* We held the Government’s rehearing petition in abeyance for this court’s decision in United States v. Boggs, No. 22-4707, 2025 WL 1249364 (4th Cir. Apr. 30, 2025), which was a companion case to Brown. The matter is now ripe for disposition.

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prejudicial and instead conclud[ing] that it is subject to harmless-error review” (citation

modified)). Because McNeil pleaded guilty,

the government’s harmless-error burden is to show beyond a reasonable doubt that if [McNeil’s] indictment had alleged the “different occasions” element of ACCA and if [McNeil] had been correctly advised at his plea hearing that he was entitled to have a jury resolve that issue unanimously and beyond a reasonable doubt, he would have nonetheless waived that right and admitted as part of his guilty plea that his prior offenses were committed on different occasions.

Id. at 97 (citation modified).

Here, the plea agreement and the district court informed McNeil “that ACCA’s

mandatory minimum of 15 years and its maximum of life would apply if the judge found

its requirements satisfied.” Id. at 98. McNeil’s presentence report establishes that the

qualifying ACCA predicate crimes of North Carolina common law robbery occurred at

three separate stores in three separate locations, and each robbery was separated from the

others by at least three days. See Wooden v. United States, 595 U.S. 360, 369 (2022)

(explaining that “offenses separated by substantial gaps in time or significant intervening

events” generally do not count as a single occasion and that “the further away crimes take

place, the less likely they are components of the same criminal event”). And even after

McNeil objected to the district court sentencing him under the ACCA, he did not move to

withdraw his plea. See Brown, 136 F.4th at 98. On these facts, “we cannot fathom that

[McNeil] would have traded the benefit of pleading guilty for” the unlikely chance of a

favorable jury verdict on the different occasions issue. Id. at 99.

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We therefore affirm the criminal judgment. We dispense with oral argument

because the facts and legal contentions are adequately presented in the materials before this

court and argument would not aid the decisional process.

AFFIRMED