United States v. Caramadre

882 F. Supp. 2d 302, 2012 WL 3044248, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 103367
District Court, D. Rhode Island·Decided July 25, 2012·No. Cr. No. 11-186 S·Published·Cited by 4 cases

Opinion

OPINION AND ORDER

WILLIAM E. SMITH, District Judge.

Before the Court is Defendant Raymour Radhakrishnan’s motion to sever his trial from that of his co-Defendant, Joseph Caramadre. For the reasons set forth below, the motion is denied.

I. Background

On November 17, 2011, in a sixty-six count indictment, Defendants Caramadre and Radhakrishnan were charged with wire fraud, mail fraud, conspiracy, identity fraud, aggravated identity theft, and money laundering. Caramadre was also charged with one count of witness tampering. (See generally Indictment, ECF No. 1.) At bottom, the Indictment alleges that Caramadre devised a fraudulent scheme, later joined by Radhakrishnan, to make millions of dollars by securing the identities of terminally-ill people through material misrepresentations and omissions to be used to purchase variable annuities and corporate bonds with death-benefit features.

Due to the number of transactions and the number of people involved, along with the duration of the alleged scheme, which dates back to the 1990s, the trial is expected to span between three and four months. Trial is currently scheduled to begin in November 2012, and the parties expect there to be between seventy-five and one hundred witnesses.

II. Discussion

Radhakrishnan argues that a joint trial would prejudice his defense for two reasons: (1) because the co-Defendants’ defenses will be so antagonistic to one another, the jury will hear otherwise inadmissible bad-character evidence against each Defendant and be required to choose one Defendant over the other; and (2) spillover evidence from the witness-tampering charge against Caramadre will prejudice Radhakrishnan.

In order to prevent undue prejudice tó a defendant, Rule 14(a) of the Federal Rules of Criminal Procedure permits a court to sever the trial of defendants who have been indicted together, or to “provide any other relief that justice requires.” Fed.R.Crim.P. 14(a). However, joint trials are preferred in the federal system because “[t]hey promote efficiency and serve the interests of justice by avoiding the ... inequity of inconsistent verdicts.” Zafiro v. United States, 506 U.S. 534, 537, 113 S.Ct. 933, 122 L.Ed.2d 317 (1993) (internal quotation marks and citation omitted). Indeed, “the presumption and common practice favor trying together defendants who are charged with crimes arising out of a common core of facts.” United States v. De La Paz-Rentas, 613 F.3d 18, 23 (1st Cir.2010) (citing United States v. O’Bryant, 998 F.2d 21, 25 (1st Cir.1993)). Thus, the hurdle on a motion to sever is “intentionally high, particularly in conspiracy cases, where severance is especially disfavored.” United States v. Celestin, 612 F.3d 14, 19 (1st Cir.2010) (quoting United States v. Peña-Lora, 225 F.3d 17, 33 (1st Cir.2000) (internal quotation marks omitted)). Accordingly, a court should only grant severance where “there is a serious risk that a joint trial would compromise a specific trial right of one of the defendants, or prevent the jury from making a reliable judgment about guilt or [305]*305innocence.” Id. (quoting Zafiro, 506 U.S. at 539, 113 S.Ct. 933).

In this matter, concerns of efficiency and the due administration of justice are especially apparent, as the trial is expected to span several months, the government will call between seventy-five and one hundred witnesses to testify, and the government proffers that most of the evidence would need to be introduced at both trials, if Defendants were in fact tried separately. Hence, there can be no doubt that a joint trial would significantly conserve judicial and prosecutorial resources.

A. Antagonistic Defenses

Radhakrishnan first argues that his trial strategy is expected to be so antagonistic to that of Caramadre that he would be severely prejudiced by a joint trial. According to Radhakrishnan, in pursuit of their defenses, Defendants will present otherwise-inadmissible evidence of one another’s bad character, and the jury will be left with no choice but to believe one Defendant at the expense of the other.

Severance on the basis of antagonistic defenses is only required “where the defenses are so inconsistent that the jury would have to believe one defendant at the expense of the other; the conflict alone establishes the guilt of the defendant.” United States v. Arruda, 715 F.2d 671, 679 (1st Cir.1983). In contrast, “mere finger-pointing among codefendants — i.e., the familiar ‘he did it, not I’ defense — normally is not a sufficient ground for severance.” United States v. Trinh, 665 F.3d 1, 19 (1st Cir.2011) (quoting Peña-Lora, 225 F.3d at 33). Moreover, defendants’ pursuit of antagonistic defenses “does not, per se, require severance, even if defendants are hostile or attempt to cast blame on each other.” United States v. McLaughlin, 957 F.2d 12, 18 (1st Cir.1992).

Radhakrishnan’s and Caramadre’s defenses, as Radhakrishnan predicts them to be, are not inherently incompatible. Radhakrishnan says that he will try to demonstrate that Caramadre was the “older experienced businessman and known philanthropist” and that Radhakrishnan acted only at Caramadre’s direction, all while Caramadre assured him that the investment scheme was legal. Radhakrishnan speculates that Caramadre will argue that Radhakrishnan made decisions and acted on his own volition.

Even if Radhakrishnan’s speculation is accepted as fact, these defenses are not so antagonistic as to require severance. A jury could accept both defense theories and still acquit or convict both or either of Defendants. Neither defense compels the conviction of either Defendant. See United States v. Serafino, 281 F.3d 327, 330 (1st Cir.2002) (holding that severance was not required where the defendant argued that he merely followed the instruction of the conspiracy’s mastermind, because the defense “did not necessarily require that the jury either accept or reject the defense that [the defendant] was an unwitting participant”); see also Arruda, 715 F.2d at 679 (stating that severance was not mandated where the defense “consisted of nothing more than fingerpointing and tattling”).

To support his argument, Radhakrishnan points to United States v. Breinig, 70 F.3d 850 (6th Cir.1995). In Breinig, Breinig and his former wife, Moore, were tried jointly for tax evasion. Id. at 851-52. At trial, Moore argued that she lacked the requisite

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United States v. Caramadre, 882 F. Supp. 2d 302, 2012 WL 3044248, 2012 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 103367 (D.R.I. 2012).

882 F. Supp. 2d 302 (United States v. Caramadre) — published by Counsel Stack Legal Research, free access to 12M+ legal documents.

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