16‐1275‐cr United States v. Caltabiano
1 UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS 2 FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT 3 4 August Term, 2016 5 6 (Argued: May 4, 2017 Decided: September 18, 2017) 7 8 Docket No. 16‐1275‐cr 9 10 11 _____________________________________ 12 13 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, 14 15 Appellee, 16 17 v. 18 19 JOHN W. CALTABIANO, JR., 20 21 Defendant–Appellant.* 22 23 _____________________________________ 24 25 Before: 26 27 WALKER, LYNCH, and LOHIER, Circuit Judges. 28 29 After a jury convicted John W. Caltabiano, Jr. on various fraud and 30 theft charges, the United States District Court for the Northern District of 31 New York (Mae A. D’Agostino, Judge) sentenced Caltabiano principally to 57 32 months’ imprisonment. Caltabiano filed a notice of appeal stating that he 33 appealed from the judgment of conviction. Elsewhere on the same notice of 34 appeal form, he indicated that his appeal “concern[ed]” his “[s]entence only.” 35 Because the notice of appeal form stated Caltabiano’s intent to appeal his
* The Clerk of Court is directed to amend the caption as set forth above. 1 judgment of conviction, and because his narrower designation of issues 2 appeared only in an administrative section of the same form, we hold that our 3 appellate jurisdiction extends to Caltabiano’s challenges to both his 4 conviction and sentence. Proceeding to the merits, we AFFIRM. 5 6 RAJIT S. DOSANJH (Jeffrey C. Coffman, on 7 the brief), Assistant United States 8 Attorneys, for Grant C. Jaquith, Acting 9 United States Attorney for the Northern 10 District of New York, Syracuse, NY, for 11 Appellee. 12 13 MOLLY CORBETT (James P. Egan, on the 14 brief), Research & Writing Attorneys, for 15 Lisa A. Peebles, Federal Public 16 Defender, Albany, NY, for Defendant– 17 Appellant. 18 19 LOHIER, Circuit Judge:
20 A jury convicted John W. Caltabiano, Jr. on various counts of mail
21 fraud, conspiracy to commit mail fraud, and theft of government property.
22 The United States District Court for the Northern District of New York (Mae
23 A. D’Agostino, Judge) sentenced Caltabiano principally to 57 months’
24 imprisonment. Caltabiano timely filed a notice of appeal using a form
25 designated “USCA‐2 Form A,” which we attach as Addendum A to this
26 opinion. While the top section of the form stated that Caltabiano appealed
27 from his judgment of conviction, Caltabiano also indicated in an
2 1 administrative section of the form that his appeal “concern[ed]” his
2 “[s]entence only.” Because the notice of appeal section of the form stated
3 Caltabiano’s intent to appeal his judgment of conviction, and not merely his
4 sentence, and because his narrower designation of issues appeared only in an
5 administrative section, we hold that our appellate jurisdiction extends to
6 Caltabiano’s challenges to both his conviction and sentence. Proceeding to
7 the merits, we conclude that sufficient evidence supported Caltabiano’s
8 conviction on the mail fraud counts, that he waived his primary challenge to
9 the District Court’s jury instructions, and that his sentence was not
10 procedurally unreasonable. We therefore AFFIRM.
11 BACKGROUND
12 I. The Facts
13 We derive the following facts from the evidence adduced at trial, which
14 we describe in the light most favorable to the Government, the prevailing
15 party. See United States v. Silver, 864 F.3d 102, 106 n.4 (2d Cir. 2017).
16 On January 4, 2006, Caltabiano, a cement company employee, was
17 injured at work when cement dust containing alkaline debris blew into his
18 face, severely irritating his left eye. A supervisor arranged for Caltabiano to
3 1 be driven to the hospital. At the hospital, attendants treated Caltabiano’s left
2 eye, but he refused treatment for his right eye. Caltabiano returned to work
3 the next day, and within eight days he was able to drive. Despite successful
4 surgery the month following the accident, Caltabiano’s left eye remained
5 severely damaged, leaving him effectively with no vision in that eye. In the
6 weeks following the accident, Caltabiano also started to complain about pain
7 and blurry vision in his right eye, as well as extreme light sensitivity (a
8 condition known as photophobia). Despite these complaints, Caltabiano’s
9 doctors were unable to detect any structural damage to that eye.
10 On April 21, 2006, Caltabiano applied for workers’ compensation
11 benefits by submitting a claim form to the New York State Workers’
12 Compensation Board (“WCB”). On the form, Caltabiano claimed that “[b]oth
13 eyes suffered alk[a]line burns” and that 25 percent of the vision in his right
14 eye had been lost. Gov’t App’x 15. Caltabiano’s employer was insured
15 against workers’ compensation claims by Travelers Property Casualty
16 Company of America (“Travelers”), which arranged for an independent
17 medical examiner, Dr. Lawrence Perlmutter, to evaluate Caltabiano’s claim.
18 During the examination, Dr. Perlmutter observed that Caltabiano “appeared
4 1 to be in significant distress” and even insisted that the examination take place
2 in the dark. Tr. 667. Although the examination showed no abnormality in the
3 right eye, Caltabiano’s subjective complaints about that eye and the manifest
4 injury to his left eye prompted Dr. Perlmutter to conclude that Caltabiano
5 was suffering from a temporary total disability. That conclusion in turn
6 prompted the WCB to find that Caltabiano had suffered a temporary total
7 disability resulting from an injury to both eyes, and to direct Travelers to pay
8 Caltabiano’s medical expenses as well as $400 per week in lost wage benefits.
9 In April 2006, Caltabiano separately applied to the Social Security
10 Administration (“SSA”) for disability benefits. His SSA application claimed
11 that “both eyes [were] blind” and that he could not “go outside due t[o]
12 sunlight.” Gov’t App’x 18. In a “Function Report” submitted to the New
13 York State Division of Disability Determinations (“DDD”), the agency
14 charged with making initial disability determinations for the SSA in New
15 York, Caltabiano claimed he had “no vision” in sunlight and was unable to
16 drive because he was “[b]lind.” Def. Ex. 39. During a required psychological
17 evaluation, Caltabiano again indicated that he was totally blind. Based on the
18 Function Report and the evaluating psychologist’s diagnosis, the SSA
5 1 determined in August 2006 that Caltabiano was disabled and awarded him
2 disability benefits of $717 per month.
3 Although there was little doubt about the damage to his left eye,
4 Caltabiano’s claims of total blindness in both eyes were bogus. In September
5 2006, Travelers hired a private investigator who, over the course of several
6 weeks, filmed Caltabiano engaged in activities like driving and shopping
7 without sunglasses or assistance from others with no apparent difficulty
8 seeing. Likewise, in April or May 2007, Caltabiano’s brother saw him
9 walking around during the day and driving without assistance.
10 In April 2008, armed with the investigator’s report, Travelers arranged
11 another examination with Dr. Perlmutter, during which Caltabiano was
12 “extremely uncooperative” and refused to allow Dr. Perlmutter to examine
13 his right eye. Def. Ex. 12.
14 In June 2008, after Caltabiano reasserted his claim of total blindness and
15 his eligibility for disability benefits in an affidavit prepared at his direction by
16 his girlfriend and submitted to the WCB, Travelers sought a hearing before
17 the WCB to consider suspending Caltabiano’s benefits. In anticipation of the
18 hearing, Travelers’ investigator again recorded Caltabiano driving and
6 1 shopping without difficulty. At the hearing, Travelers revealed the existence
2 of the video recordings, which clearly contradicted Caltabiano’s claims. As a
3 result, the WCB eventually terminated Caltabiano’s wage benefits.
4 Even then, Caltabiano persisted in claiming total disability. Shortly
5 after the WCB terminated his benefits, Caltabiano, with his girlfriend’s help,
6 submitted a continuing disability form to the SSA in which he claimed a “30%
7 loss of vision” and “blurriness” in his right eye, as well as “severe migraines
8 from being light sensitive.” Def. Ex. 63. The form also asserted that
9 Caltabiano found it hard to shop or drive by himself and that his family did
10 all the driving and shopping for him. In another Function Report to the DDD,
11 Caltabiano represented that he no longer drove because he was blind in his
12 left eye, suffered from double and blurred vision in his right eye, and wore
13 sunglasses “[a]ll the time” “to keep lighting out as much as possible.” Def.
14 Ex. 81. And Caltabiano again lied to a DDD psychologist that he could
15 neither see nor drive. In February 2010 a DDD psychologist, aware of the
16 investigator’s video surveillance, reviewed Caltabiano’s file and determined
17 that he was not medically impaired. The SSA ultimately notified Caltabiano
7 1 that he no longer qualified for disability benefits and that his disability had
2 ceased as of October 17, 2006.
3 II. Procedural History
4 Caltabiano and his girlfriend were indicted in 2014 on eleven charges.
5 At trial, the Government proceeded on one count of conspiracy to commit
6 mail fraud, five counts of mail fraud, and one count of theft of government
7 property. A jury convicted Caltabiano and his girlfriend on all seven counts.
8 The District Court sentenced Caltabiano principally to 57 months’
9 imprisonment.
10 DISCUSSION
11 I. Appellate Jurisdiction
12 An appeal from a criminal judgment typically permits our plenary
13 review because it incorporates both the adjudication of guilt and sentence.
14 See Fed. R. Crim. P. 32(k)(1); see also Berman v. United States, 302 U.S. 211,
15 212 (1937). The principal legal issue in this case arises from the fact that the
16 form containing Caltabiano’s notice of appeal states in one part that he
17 appeals from his judgment of conviction, but states in another part that his
18 appeal concerns his “[s]entence only.” Despite this latter statement,
8 1 Caltabiano’s brief on appeal also challenges his conviction. We consider
2 whether Caltabiano’s notice of appeal precludes our review of his underlying
3 conviction.
4 In resolving this issue, we start with Rule 3 of the Federal Rules of
5 Appellate Procedure, which requires that a “notice of appeal . . . designate the
6 judgment, order, or part thereof being appealed.” Fed. R. App. P. 3(c)(1)(B).
7 The rule is “jurisdictional in nature” and not waivable. Smith v. Barry, 502
8 U.S. 244, 248 (1992); see New Phone Co. v. City of New York, 498 F.3d 127,
9 131 (2d Cir. 2007).1 Nevertheless, in determining whether a notice of appeal
10 complies with the Rule, we apply the Rule’s requirements quite liberally on
11 the understanding that “mere technicalities should not stand in the way of
12 consideration of a case on its merits.” Torres v. Oakland Scavenger Co., 487
13 U.S. 312, 316 (1988) (quotation marks omitted). Accordingly, we ask whether
14 the appellant’s notice of appeal “conveys the information required by Rule
1 Though this Court has recently held that the time requirements in Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure 4 were not jurisdictional, but merely claim‐processing rules, see, e.g., Weitzner v. Cynosure, Inc., 802 F.3d 307, 311 (2d Cir. 2015); United States v. Frias, 521 F.3d 229, 232 (2d Cir. 2008), we need not and do not decide now whether to revisit this Circuit’s precedent that Rule 3 is jurisdictional in nature.
9 1 3(c)” and provides notice of the litigant’s “intent to seek appellate review.”
2 Smith, 502 U.S. at 248–49.
3 Here, Caltabiano filed his notice of appeal on a hybrid, multi‐purpose
4 form, designated “USCA‐2 Form A,” that appears intended to combine two
5 forms issued by this Court2: “Form A,” which includes a notice of appeal, and
6 “Form B,” a transcript order form. The form used by Caltabiano, however,
7 does not precisely replicate the Form A available on this Court’s website and
8 attached as Addendum B, but rather, is a variant form created by Caltabiano’s
9 counsel based on Form A and Form B. Appellant’s Supp. Br. 2 n.1. For ease
10 of reference, we refer to the form completed by Caltabiano as “USCA‐2 Form
11 A” when discussing the uncompleted version of that form, and as
12 “Caltabiano’s form” when referring to the form as completed by Caltabiano.
13 Like Form A, USCA‐2 Form A requires the appellant to indicate the district
14 court from which the appeal is taken, the case caption, the docket number,
2 Forms issued by this Court are published by the Clerk of Court, available at http://www.ca2.uscourts.gov/clerk/case_filing/forms/forms_home.html, and are distinct from the generic forms appended to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure and other forms published by our sister circuits.
10 1 and the district judge. Both USCA‐2 Form A and Form A then contain the
2 following sentence, to which we refer as the “Rule 3 Section”:
3 Notice is hereby given that ________________ appeals to the 4 United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from the 5 judgment [_], other [_] _______________ entered in this action 6 (specify) 7 on ___________. 8 (date)
9 The information requested in the Rule 3 Section reflects the necessary and
10 sufficient elements of an effective notice of appeal: the “party or parties taking
11 the appeal,” the “court to which the appeal is taken,” and the “judgment,
12 order, or part thereof being appealed.” Fed. R. App. P. 3(c)(1).
13 The section that appears immediately beneath the Rule 3 Section on
14 both the standard Form A and Caltabiano’s form serves a different purpose.
15 On both forms, that section asks the appellant to answer the following
16 questions: first, whether the offense occurred after November 1, 1987, the
17 effective date of the Sentencing Guidelines; and second, whether the appeal
18 “concerns” the defendant’s “[c]onviction only,” “[s]entence only,” or (as
19 phrased on USCA‐2 Form A) both “[s]entencing and [c]onviction.”3 On
3 Form A says “Conviction & Sentence.” See Addendum B.
11 1 USCA‐2 Form A (but not on this Court’s Form A), the defendant may also
2 select a box that says “[n]o” in response to the second question.4 See
3 Addendum A; Def. App’x 436.
4 The Rule 3 Section on Caltabiano’s form identifies Caltabiano as the
5 appellant, checks the box for “judgment,” and provides the date of the
6 judgment of conviction. If that were all the information the form contained,
7 we would conclude without hesitation that Caltabiano was appealing both his
8 conviction and sentence. But there is an open question whether Caltabiano’s
9 indication elsewhere on his form that the appeal concerned his “[s]entence
10 only” confines our jurisdiction to a review of his sentence, particularly since
11 an appellant is free to narrow the scope of an appeal by specifying particular
12 aspects of the district court’s judgment as the subject of an appeal. See, e.g.,
13 Kovaco v. Rockbestos‐Surprenant Cable Corp., 834 F.3d 128, 134–35 (2d Cir.
14 2016).
15 In a civil case, an appellant can narrow the scope of an appeal by filing
16 a narrative notice of appeal. But in criminal cases, neither Form A nor USCA‐
4 The significance of answering “no” is difficult to discern. Form A says “Other,” a more relevant response to this question than “[n]o.” See Addendum B.
12 1 2 Form A (nor, for that matter, the generic Form 1 “Notice of Appeal”
2 appended to the Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure) appears to allow for a
3 full narrative description of the judgment to be appealed. Rather, Form A and
4 USCA‐2 Form A pose the two multiple‐choice questions noted above:
5 whether the offense conduct postdated the effective date of the Sentencing
6 Guidelines and whether the appeal concerned the appellant’s conviction,
7 sentence, both, or neither. These questions are designed principally to aid this
8 Court in classifying cases and managing its criminal docket; we do not view
9 responses to these questions as having any jurisdictional effect, in contrast to
10 the information provided in the Rule 3 Section. In that sense, the questions
11 mirror those on this Court’s Form C for counseled civil appeals, which, for
12 example, asks civil appellants whether an appeal raises a matter of first
13 impression. Responses to the questions posed on Form C help allocate
14 judicial resources but do not confine our jurisdiction. A criminal defendant’s
15 responses to analogous questions on Form A similarly help allocate judicial
16 resources but do not affect our jurisdiction, even though the responses appear
17 on the same form as a notice of appeal.
13 1 Several of our sister circuits agree that an appellant’s responses to
2 questions of this sort have no jurisdictional effect on appeal. The Third
3 Circuit’s “Criminal Appeal Information Statement,” which “must be
4 completed and filed at the time the Notice of Appeal is filed,” instructs
5 criminal appellants to file a docketing statement indicating whether an appeal
6 concerns the appellant’s “[s]entence,” “[c]onviction,” or “[b]oth.”5 The form
7 makes clear, however, that an appellant’s responses are “not intended to
8 preclude presentation of issues on appeal.” The Fourth Circuit’s form notice
9 of appeal has a similar disclaimer, noting that the statement of issues on
10 appeal is “[n]on‐binding.”6 Similarly, the Tenth Circuit’s local rules provide
11 that “[a]n issue not raised in the docketing statement may be raised in the
12 appellant’s opening brief.” 10th Cir. R. 3.4(B). And the D.C. Circuit has held
13 that its “docketing statement is used principally to aid the court in its initial
5 See Third Circuit Criminal Appeal Information Statement, available at http://www2. ca3.uscourts.gov/legacyfiles/noticetocounselconcerningproceduresforappealsfromcriminalc onvictions.pdf. 6 See Fourth Circuit Docketing Statement – Criminal Cases, available at http://www.
ca4.uscourts.gov/docs/pdfs/dockstatementcrim.pdf?sfvrsn=14.
14 1 screening of a case; it does not irrevocably define the limits of the scope of an
2 appeal.” United States v. Pogue, 19 F.3d 663, 666 (D.C. Cir. 1994).7
3 The docketing questions on USCA‐2 Form A are not transformed into
4 jurisdictional questions merely because they appear alongside the appellant’s
5 notice of appeal. Like the questions soliciting transcript requests on the same
6 form, the docketing questions are administrative in nature. Accordingly, we
7 hold that on a multi‐purpose notice of appeal form like USCA‐2 Form A or
8 this Court’s Form A, questions other than those corresponding to Rule 3’s
9 requirements do not limit the scope of our review. Criminal defendants using
10 Form A or adapted versions produced by counsel or other third parties can
11 limit our appellate jurisdiction by identifying the relevant judgment, order, or
12 part thereof in the space provided in the Rule 3 Section for specifying an
13 appeal from something “other” than the criminal judgment. Because
14 Caltabiano did not do so here, we have jurisdiction to review both his
15 sentence and his conviction on the merits, to which we now turn.
7 The Fifth and Sixth Circuits have held that a notice of appeal designating only a sentence may suffice to confer appellate jurisdiction over the defendant’s conviction because the appellant’s brief addressed the conviction and the Government suffered no prejudice. See United States v. Mauskar, 557 F.3d 219, 224–25 (5th Cir. 2009); United States v. Paull, 551 F.3d 516, 521 n.1 (6th Cir. 2009).
15 1 II. Sufficiency of the Evidence
2 Caltabiano challenges the sufficiency of the evidence supporting his
3 conviction for mail fraud. A defendant raising a sufficiency challenge “bears
4 a heavy burden,” and “we view the evidence in the light most favorable to the
5 government, drawing all inferences in the government’s favor and deferring
6 to the jury’s assessments of the witnesses’ credibility.” United States v.
7 Pierce, 785 F.3d 832, 837–38 (2d Cir. 2015) (quotation marks omitted). We will
8 overturn the jury’s verdict only if “no rational trier of fact could have found
9 the essential elements of the crime beyond a reasonable doubt.” United States
10 v. Hussain, 835 F.3d 307, 312 (2d Cir. 2016) (quotation marks omitted). As
11 relevant here, to prove a scheme to defraud under the federal mail fraud
12 statute, the Government had to establish that Caltabiano (1) had an intent to
13 defraud, (2) engaged in a scheme to defraud involving material
14 misrepresentations—that is, misrepresentations that would naturally tend to
15 influence, or are capable of influencing, the decision of the decisionmaking
16 body to which they were addressed, and (3) used the mails to further that
17 scheme. See United States v. Weaver, 860 F.3d 90, 94 (2d Cir. 2017).
16 1 Caltabiano argues that, because most of the charged mailings were late
2 in the scheme and occurred after he had already made the charged
3 misrepresentations, the Government failed to prove that he still intended to
4 defraud the SSA at the time he sent or received the mailings charged in the
5 indictment. It is true that a jury must find that the defendant’s misstatements
6 were “made with the contemporaneous intent to defraud,” United States ex
7 rel. O’Donnell v. Countrywide Home Loans, Inc., 822 F.3d 650, 658 (2d Cir.
8 2016), but the mailings themselves need not contain any misstatements, see
9 Schmuck v. United States, 489 U.S. 705, 714–15 (1989). Instead, the mailing
10 element is satisfied so long as the mailings were “incident to an essential part
11 of the scheme.” Schmuck, 489 U.S. at 710–11 (quoting Pereira v. United
12 States, 347 U.S. 1, 8 (1954)). The trial evidence showed that Caltabiano misled
13 Travelers, the WCB, and the SSA by consistently misrepresenting, between
14 April 2008 and October 2010, that he was photophobic, nearly blind, unable to
15 drive, and totally disabled, when in fact he was able to drive, shop, and run
16 errands in broad daylight. There was also evidence that the mailings alleged
17 in the indictment—the September 1, 2009 Function Report and four social
17 1 security disability payments Caltabiano received in 2010—were important as
2 part of an ongoing scheme to obtain disability benefits.
3 Caltabiano also contends that his representations were not proven to be
4 material, as the Government failed to adduce evidence as to the standard
5 under which the SSA made its disability determinations. To the contrary, a
6 disability program manager at the DDD testified that a Function Report
7 enables the DDD to evaluate a claimant’s continuing eligibility for disability
8 benefits by determining whether the claimant’s condition has improved. The
9 jury was therefore entitled to find that Caltabiano’s misrepresentations would
10 tend to influence the agency’s decisionmaking process. See United States v.
11 Binday, 804 F.3d 558, 578–79 (2d Cir. 2015).
12 III. Jury Instructions
13 In addition to his sufficiency challenge, Caltabiano argues that the
14 District Court improperly instructed the jury regarding the materiality
15 element for the mail fraud counts by injecting a reasonable person standard
16 and by failing to instruct the jury that an omission‐based theory of mail fraud
17 requires the Government to establish a duty to disclose. The District Court
18 instructed that “[a] material fact . . . is one which would reasonably be
18 1 expected to be of concern to a reasonable and prudent person in relying upon
2 the [representation] or statement in making a decision with respect to a claim
3 for benefits. This means that if you find a particular statement has been false,
4 you must determine whether that statement was one that a reasonable person
5 might have considered important in making his or her decision.” Tr. 1388.
6 As an initial matter, we conclude that, having proposed nearly identical
7 charging language, see Gov’t App’x 2, Caltabiano waived any objection to this
8 instruction. United States v. Giovanelli, 464 F.3d 346, 351 (2d Cir. 2006). As
9 for Caltabiano’s argument that the District Court should have instructed the
10 jury on the duty to disclose, we review for plain error because Caltabiano
11 failed to object to the instruction. United States v. Prado, 815 F.3d 93, 100 (2d
12 Cir. 2016). On review, given the circumstances of the trial, we conclude that
13 there was no error, let alone plain error: on appeal, Caltabiano acknowledges
14 that the Government’s mail fraud allegations “were based upon affirmative
15 statements,” not omissions, and the parties’ closing arguments focused
16 entirely on Caltabiano’s affirmative misrepresentations. As such, the District
17 Court was not obliged to instruct the jury about a duty to disclose premised
19 1 on an omissions theory. See McCardle v. Haddad, 131 F.3d 43, 52 (2d Cir.
2 1997).
3 IV. Loss Calculation
4 Finally, Caltabiano challenges his sentence, arguing that the District
5 Court committed procedural error by misapplying the Guidelines’ loss
6 calculations. Because Caltabiano failed to object to the District Court’s loss
7 calculations at sentencing, we review for plain error. United States v.
8 Verkhoglyad, 516 F.3d 122, 128 (2d Cir. 2008).
9 The District Court concluded that, had the fraudulent scheme
10 continued, Caltabiano would have received from the WCB and SSA between
11 $550,000 and $1,500,000 in benefits to which he was not entitled, resulting in a
12 14‐point offense level increase. See U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1(b)(1)(H); id. § 2B1.1 cmt.
13 3(A). In doing so, the District Court granted Caltabiano a credit of $64,000
14 against the intended loss, reflecting the amount of workers’ compensation to
15 which Caltabiano would have been entitled for the injury to his left eye.
16 Claiming principally that under New York’s Workers’ Compensation Law8
17 his temporary total disability arising from damage to his right eye, had it
8 See N.Y. Workers’ Comp. Law § 15(3)(e), (4‐a).
20 1 lasted longer than twenty weeks, would have entitled him to an additional
2 $6,857 on top of the $64,000 credit, Caltabiano contends that the intended loss
3 amount should have fallen between $250,000 and $550,000, resulting in a 12‐
4 point rather than 14‐point offense level increase. See id. § 2B1.1(b)(1)(G). We
5 are not persuaded. As an initial matter, Caltabiano requested only a $64,000
6 credit at sentencing, and under the Guidelines loss table, id. § 2B1.1(b)(1), an
7 additional credit of $6,857 would not have been enough to alter the applicable
8 Guidelines range. But even if Caltabiano had requested a more sizeable
9 additional credit, the claim that Caltabiano suffered any temporary total
10 disability associated with his right eye, let alone a disability lasting over
11 twenty weeks, was squarely contradicted by the evidence at trial. See United
12 States v. Carboni, 204 F.3d 39, 46 (2d Cir. 2000).
13 Lastly, Caltabiano also points to a possible arithmetic error in the
14 District Court’s calculation of actual loss suffered by the SSA, but he fails to
15 explain how an error in calculating actual loss would be material to the
16 District Court’s estimation of intended loss, on which it relied in imposing the
17 sentence.
21 1 CONCLUSION
2 We have considered Caltabiano’s remaining arguments and conclude
3 that they are without merit. For the foregoing reasons, the judgment of the
4 District Court is AFFIRMED.
22 Add dendum A A
23 Add dendum B B