United States v. Beaver

26 M.J. 991, 1988 WL 94144
CourtU S Air Force Court of Military Review
DecidedAugust 11, 1988
DocketACM 26686
StatusPublished
Cited by9 cases

This text of 26 M.J. 991 (United States v. Beaver) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering U S Air Force Court of Military Review primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. Beaver, 26 M.J. 991, 1988 WL 94144 (usafctmilrev 1988).

Opinion

DECISION

EHRENHAFT, Judge:

Within a month of reporting for his first duty assignment, Airman Keith Beaver began to manifest the behavior that resulted in his eventual conviction by a general court-martial of burglary, larceny, destruction of government property, unlawful entry and assault. Twenty years old, below the legal drinking age in California where he was stationed, he consistently obtained alcohol and consumed it to excess. Under the influence he was violent; under the influence he broke the law. His drinking led his commander to order his pre-trial confinement; yet, the accused even obtained alcohol while jailed.

Appellate defense counsel cite five errors:

First, that the Military Judge failed to give a requested instruction on what the defense claimed was the “prior inconsistent identification” of the accused by a key government witness. The witness, a young, white, female airman, was the victim of the accused’s burglary, larceny and unlawful entry. In describing to the OSI within a few hours of the unannounced and uninvited nighttime entry into her dormitory room of a black man, she stated (in writing, subsequently sworn) that the intruder was 5'9" tall, weighed 190 pounds and gave his name as “Keith.” At his trial, over nine months later, the witness identified accused as the intruder, although he is 6'3" tall and weighs over 210 pounds. [993]*993His friends claimed he uses the name “Philly.” The Military Judge permitted trial defense counsel to call the issue to the court’s attention in his opening argument, to cross examine the victim at length concerning her description of the accused, and to argue to the members in closing that her testimony and in-court identification of accused were not believable in light of her earlier sworn statement. The judge also instructed the court that the government had the burden of proving identity beyond a reasonable doubt, that identification testimony depends on the opportunity of the witness to observe, and that the members should consider a witness’ subsequent identifications in light of the passage of time and other factors. The judge declined to give a defense-proffered instruction, calling this issue the “most important” in the case and highlighting the “inconsistency” with the in-court identification. He viewed this as a comparison of “apples and oranges” that required no special instruction.

The military judge did not err. The witness’ prior description was not an “identification,” a term reserved in the law for a selection of an individual (or his picture, for example) from among a group in a lineup or a random gathering. See United States v. McLaurin, 22 M.J. 310, 313 (C.M.A.1986). While an identification may also be a statement, or be accompanied by a statement, it is not the narrative specification of features that is embraced by a “description” of a person. Inconsistent statements may undermine credibility, and the witness’ prior description apparently differing from accused’s appearance before the court when identified by the witness could be — and was — considered. No further instruction on the point was required, nor would it have been proper to regard this issue as the “most important” placed before the members.1

The second assignment claims prejudice to the accused arising out of the admission into evidence at sentencing of a Letter of Reprimand (LOR), prepared by the accused’s commander six days before trial, and relating primarily to a series of underage drinking episodes resulting in drunk and disorderly behavior. Some of these episodes occurred months previously. Defense counsel claims the LOR was hastily prepared to enable the government to put before the court uncharged misconduct in service of the type admissible for sentencing purposes pursuant to ROM 1001(b)(2), and MRE 803(6). Such a practice was condemned by the Court of Military Appeals in United States v. Boles, 11 M.J. 195 (C.M.A.1981). Counsel also suggest that LOR’s must serve a “rehabilitative function” and, in this case, in which the accused’s commander knew accused was to stand trial by general court-martial in a matter of days and testified at trial he believed accused had no rehabilitative potential, the letter could serve no purpose other than provide a back door evasion of MRE 404(b), generally excluding evidence of uncharged prior misconduct.

We disagree. The LOR was properly prepared regarding accused’s actions which the commander did not regard as appropriate for non-judicial punishment or preferral of charges. At the time the LOR was written, the commander did not know whether accused would plead or be found guilty of any offenses for which he was to be tried; nor was the LOR “rushed into the record” immediately before or during the trial. All of the indicia of normal record creation and maintenance appear to have been followed, even if the delay between the first of a series of related acts of misconduct occurred months before the letter was written. We find the issue controlled by our decision in United States v. Hagy, 12 M.J. 739 (A.F.C.M.R.1981) and find no error.

The third error alleged is that the accused’s burglary and larceny were multi[994]*994plicious for sentencing purposes, because the purpose of the burglary of the victim’s room was the theft of her property. However, the law is clear that under these facts, the different elements of the two offenses create separate offenses, each separately triable and punishable. This is not a situation, such as we considered in United States v. Niedzielski, 24 M.J. 608 (A.F.C.M.R.1987), in which the signing of stolen checks with a forged signature was the very means by which the writer obtained the proceeds of the account on which the checks were drawn. There, we held the proven elements of a single offense (for sentencing purposes) existed. No similar relation exists in this case between the nighttime forcible entry and the subsequent larceny.

The fourth error alleged relates to the failure of the military judge to grant the accused additional credit for 99 days of pre-trial confinement. The accused was ordered into pre-trial confinement on 5 October, a day following another episode of drinking in violation of local law and a direct order to refrain. A hearing was ordered, and as hearing magistrate a reserve judge advocate, performing a few days of inactive duty training (IDT), was selected. The reservist performed the required duties properly insofar as the records of the hearing before him appear as an appellate exhibit to the record. However, defense counsel at trial claimed that para. 3-24e, Air Force Regulation 111-1, Military Justice Guide (Aug 84), prohibits the appointment as magistrates of judge advocate personnel assigned to the office of the Staff Judge Advocate to the convening authority. The military judge correctly noted that the regulation states only that such officers “should not” serve as magistrates; a prohibition applies only to a judge advocate with a “law enforcement function.” In this case, the convening authority was the commander of a numbered Air Force at another base. However, the SJA at the base where accused was stationed and tried was involved in the preparation and preferral of the charges and advised the accused’s immediate commander.2 For the purposes of AFR 111-1, we believe the base level office of the SJA is a part of the convening authority’s legal advisory structure.

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Cite This Page — Counsel Stack

Bluebook (online)
26 M.J. 991, 1988 WL 94144, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-beaver-usafctmilrev-1988.