Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-13255 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 2:16-cr-00446-LJA-WC-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ALVIN FERNANDO GANTT,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama ________________________
(May 24, 2018)
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, TJOFLAT, and NEWSOM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 2 of 8
Alvin Gantt pleaded guilty to a single count of being a felon in possession of
a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). He contends that his 72-month
prison sentence is procedurally and substantively unreasonable.
I.
In June 2016 police officers in Montgomery, Alabama, conducted a traffic
stop on a gold Lexus because its license plate belonged to a red Mazda. The
driver, identified as Gantt, immediately exited the car and was detained because of
his suspicious behavior. Gantt’s sister, a passenger in the car, was later instructed
to exit the car. She told the police that Gantt had a firearm inside the car. The
police searched the car and found a loaded .380 caliber handgun. Gantt, a
convicted felon, stated that he owned the firearm, and the police arrested him. He
later admitted that he knew he was not supposed to possess a firearm because he
was a convicted felon, but explained that he purchased the firearm for protection
because he had been robbed.
Gantt pleaded guilty to a single count of being a felon in possession of a
firearm. The presentence investigation report detailed Gantt’s lengthy criminal
history. He had been convicted of five felonies in Alabama state court: first
degree receipt of stolen property in 1994; possession of a controlled substance in
1998; second degree assault in 2003; second degree possession of a forged
instrument in 2003; and third degree burglary in 2014. His criminal history also
2 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 3 of 8
included a number of other convictions dating back to 1992 when he was 18 years
old: harassment; disorderly conduct; criminal trespass; providing a false name to a
law enforcement officer; theft; and assault.
Some of those prior convictions involved violent conduct and firearms. In
1992 Gantt physically assaulted his pregnant girlfriend by kicking her with his feet
and hitting her with his fists. Two years later he cut a woman with a broken bottle
during a fight. In 1995 he refused to leave that same woman’s home when she
asked him to, and instead put his hands on her legs and his fingers in her panties;
Gantt had a gun in his pocket during that incident. That same year he also entered
a man’s home and threatened him with a gun. In 1998 he slapped a woman in the
face after she refused to go inside his house. In 1999 he pushed a 13-year-old to
the ground and hit him with an iron pipe. And in 2003 he struck a victim in the
face multiple times with his fists, causing multiple fractures. 1
The PSR calculated Gantt’s base offense level as 20 and his criminal history
category as VI, yielding a guidelines range of 51 to 63 months. At the sentence
hearing, the government and Gantt agreed that his criminal history category should
have been V, which led to a guidelines range of 46 to 57 months. The government
argued for a 72-month sentence, emphasizing Gantt’s significant criminal history,
1 In 1992 Gantt was charged with assault and harassment after he beat up someone and, several weeks later, forced his way into an ex-girlfriend’s house and slapped her twice in the face. And in 2001 he was charged with third degree assault after he beat a woman until her nose bled and threatened to kill her.
3 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 4 of 8
involving a number of convictions for violent conduct. Gantt responded that his
criminal history was decades old and also emphasized that he had finally gotten his
life together by getting a job and an apartment. And he argued that his crime in
this case did not harm anyone. He asked for a downward variance to 24 months.
The court rejected Gantt’s arguments and varied upward from the guidelines
range, sentencing him to 72 months imprisonment. It emphasized his “very, very
serious history of violent crime,” which his guidelines range underrepresented. It
noted his argument that this offense was victimless, but stated that gun crimes were
different because the purpose of a gun is to commit violence. And it noted that
there were two instances in which he was caught with a firearm but not prosecuted,
despite his status as a convicted felon. As a result, the court stated that it would
vary up to 72 months, which “would be the top of the guidelines if [it] moved up
on the scale to 19 on the basis of his criminal history.” 2 And it stated that
regardless of the guidelines, a variance up to 72 months was appropriate based on
the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors. Gantt objected to the upward variance, which the
court denied. This is his appeal.
II.
In reviewing Gantt’s sentence, we must “first ensure that the district court
committed no significant procedural error, such as failing to calculate (or 2 The court initially stated that it was sentencing Gantt to 71 months imprisonment, but later clarified that he would receive a 72 month sentence.
4 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 5 of 8
improperly calculating) the Guidelines range, . . . failing to consider the § 3553(a)
factors, . . . or failing to adequately explain the chosen sentence — including an
explanation for any deviation from the Guidelines range.” Gall v. United States,
552 U.S. 38, 51, 128 S. Ct. 586, 597 (2007). If the sentence is procedurally sound,
then we review the substantive reasonableness of the sentence only for abuse of
discretion. United States v. Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1188–89 (11th Cir. 2010) (en
banc). “A district court abuses its discretion when it (1) fails to afford
consideration to relevant factors that were due significant weight, (2) gives
significant weight to an improper or irrelevant factor, or (3) commits a clear error
of judgment in considering the proper factors.” Id. at 1189 (quotation marks
omitted). Even if the district court considers all of the proper factors, it must still
weigh them reasonably. Id. We will vacate a sentence for unreasonable weighing
of factors “if, but only if, we are left with the definite and firm conviction that the
district court committed a clear error of judgment in weighing the § 3553(a) factors
by arriving at a sentence that lies outside the range of reasonable sentences dictated
by the facts of the case.” Id. at 1190 (quotation marks omitted).
Gantt first argues that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable because the
district court did not properly explain why moving down the sentencing table on
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Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 1 of 8
[DO NOT PUBLISH]
IN THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS
FOR THE ELEVENTH CIRCUIT ________________________
No. 17-13255 Non-Argument Calendar ________________________
D.C. Docket No. 2:16-cr-00446-LJA-WC-1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA,
Plaintiff-Appellee,
versus
ALVIN FERNANDO GANTT,
Defendant-Appellant.
________________________
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Middle District of Alabama ________________________
(May 24, 2018)
Before ED CARNES, Chief Judge, TJOFLAT, and NEWSOM, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM: Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 2 of 8
Alvin Gantt pleaded guilty to a single count of being a felon in possession of
a firearm in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 922(g)(1). He contends that his 72-month
prison sentence is procedurally and substantively unreasonable.
I.
In June 2016 police officers in Montgomery, Alabama, conducted a traffic
stop on a gold Lexus because its license plate belonged to a red Mazda. The
driver, identified as Gantt, immediately exited the car and was detained because of
his suspicious behavior. Gantt’s sister, a passenger in the car, was later instructed
to exit the car. She told the police that Gantt had a firearm inside the car. The
police searched the car and found a loaded .380 caliber handgun. Gantt, a
convicted felon, stated that he owned the firearm, and the police arrested him. He
later admitted that he knew he was not supposed to possess a firearm because he
was a convicted felon, but explained that he purchased the firearm for protection
because he had been robbed.
Gantt pleaded guilty to a single count of being a felon in possession of a
firearm. The presentence investigation report detailed Gantt’s lengthy criminal
history. He had been convicted of five felonies in Alabama state court: first
degree receipt of stolen property in 1994; possession of a controlled substance in
1998; second degree assault in 2003; second degree possession of a forged
instrument in 2003; and third degree burglary in 2014. His criminal history also
2 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 3 of 8
included a number of other convictions dating back to 1992 when he was 18 years
old: harassment; disorderly conduct; criminal trespass; providing a false name to a
law enforcement officer; theft; and assault.
Some of those prior convictions involved violent conduct and firearms. In
1992 Gantt physically assaulted his pregnant girlfriend by kicking her with his feet
and hitting her with his fists. Two years later he cut a woman with a broken bottle
during a fight. In 1995 he refused to leave that same woman’s home when she
asked him to, and instead put his hands on her legs and his fingers in her panties;
Gantt had a gun in his pocket during that incident. That same year he also entered
a man’s home and threatened him with a gun. In 1998 he slapped a woman in the
face after she refused to go inside his house. In 1999 he pushed a 13-year-old to
the ground and hit him with an iron pipe. And in 2003 he struck a victim in the
face multiple times with his fists, causing multiple fractures. 1
The PSR calculated Gantt’s base offense level as 20 and his criminal history
category as VI, yielding a guidelines range of 51 to 63 months. At the sentence
hearing, the government and Gantt agreed that his criminal history category should
have been V, which led to a guidelines range of 46 to 57 months. The government
argued for a 72-month sentence, emphasizing Gantt’s significant criminal history,
1 In 1992 Gantt was charged with assault and harassment after he beat up someone and, several weeks later, forced his way into an ex-girlfriend’s house and slapped her twice in the face. And in 2001 he was charged with third degree assault after he beat a woman until her nose bled and threatened to kill her.
3 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 4 of 8
involving a number of convictions for violent conduct. Gantt responded that his
criminal history was decades old and also emphasized that he had finally gotten his
life together by getting a job and an apartment. And he argued that his crime in
this case did not harm anyone. He asked for a downward variance to 24 months.
The court rejected Gantt’s arguments and varied upward from the guidelines
range, sentencing him to 72 months imprisonment. It emphasized his “very, very
serious history of violent crime,” which his guidelines range underrepresented. It
noted his argument that this offense was victimless, but stated that gun crimes were
different because the purpose of a gun is to commit violence. And it noted that
there were two instances in which he was caught with a firearm but not prosecuted,
despite his status as a convicted felon. As a result, the court stated that it would
vary up to 72 months, which “would be the top of the guidelines if [it] moved up
on the scale to 19 on the basis of his criminal history.” 2 And it stated that
regardless of the guidelines, a variance up to 72 months was appropriate based on
the 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a) factors. Gantt objected to the upward variance, which the
court denied. This is his appeal.
II.
In reviewing Gantt’s sentence, we must “first ensure that the district court
committed no significant procedural error, such as failing to calculate (or 2 The court initially stated that it was sentencing Gantt to 71 months imprisonment, but later clarified that he would receive a 72 month sentence.
4 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 5 of 8
improperly calculating) the Guidelines range, . . . failing to consider the § 3553(a)
factors, . . . or failing to adequately explain the chosen sentence — including an
explanation for any deviation from the Guidelines range.” Gall v. United States,
552 U.S. 38, 51, 128 S. Ct. 586, 597 (2007). If the sentence is procedurally sound,
then we review the substantive reasonableness of the sentence only for abuse of
discretion. United States v. Irey, 612 F.3d 1160, 1188–89 (11th Cir. 2010) (en
banc). “A district court abuses its discretion when it (1) fails to afford
consideration to relevant factors that were due significant weight, (2) gives
significant weight to an improper or irrelevant factor, or (3) commits a clear error
of judgment in considering the proper factors.” Id. at 1189 (quotation marks
omitted). Even if the district court considers all of the proper factors, it must still
weigh them reasonably. Id. We will vacate a sentence for unreasonable weighing
of factors “if, but only if, we are left with the definite and firm conviction that the
district court committed a clear error of judgment in weighing the § 3553(a) factors
by arriving at a sentence that lies outside the range of reasonable sentences dictated
by the facts of the case.” Id. at 1190 (quotation marks omitted).
Gantt first argues that his sentence is procedurally unreasonable because the
district court did not properly explain why moving down the sentencing table on
the basis of his criminal history would permit a 72-month sentence. See United
States Sentencing Guidelines § 4A1.3(a)(4) (Nov. 2016) (determination for extent
5 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 6 of 8
of upward departure). That argument fails. The court properly calculated Gantt’s
guidelines range as 46 to 57 months. It made clear that it was varying upward
from that guidelines range, and it referenced the rule for an upward departure only
as a guide for imposing the 72-month variance. The sentence hearing transcript
makes clear that the court considered the § 3553(a) factors and explained why it
was imposing the above-guidelines variance. Finally, the court stated that a 72-
month sentence was appropriate under the § 3553(a) factors. As a result, Gantt’s
argument that the court committed procedural error in imposing the upward
variance fails.
Gantt also argues that his sentence is substantively unreasonable because the
court relied solely upon his criminal history and the nature of the offense to justify
his 72-month sentence. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(1). That argument also fails. To
begin with, the district court stated that it considered not only Gantt’s criminal
history and the nature of his offense, but also other factors such as deterrence, the
need to promote respect for the law, and protecting the public. See id.
§ 3553(a)(1)–(2). Although it did emphasize his criminal history and explain how
that criminal history relates to other factors, that emphasis was reasonable. See
United States v. Rosales-Bruno, 789 F.3d 1249, 1263 (11th Cir. 2015) (“Placing
substantial weight on a defendant’s criminal record is entirely consistent with
§ 3553(a) because five of the factors it requires a court to consider are related to
6 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 7 of 8
criminal history.”). The court also noted the correlation between Gantt’s criminal
history and his possession of a firearm, stating that it did not want Gantt’s next
crime to be a deadly one. That consideration relates to public safety. See 18
U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2)(C); cf. United States v. Shaw, 560 F.3d 1230, 1241 (11th Cir.
2009) (“The public should not have to wait until [the defendant] takes those last
steps before the district court can provide it with the maximum protection the law
allows.”). And the court stated that Gantt’s criminal history had evidenced a
failure to respect the law. See 18 U.S.C. § 3553(a)(2)(A).
The court considered the relevant factors, and its emphasis on Gantt’s
extensive criminal history was appropriate. See Rosales-Bruno, 789 F.3d at 1263
(“Under substantive reasonableness review, we have repeatedly affirmed sentences
that included major upward variances from the guidelines for defendants with
significant criminal histories that the sentencing courts weighed heavily.”). And
his 72-month sentence is still far below the 10-year statutory maximum. See, e.g.,
United States v. McKinley, 732 F.3d 1291, 1294–95, 1298–99 (11th Cir. 2013)
(affirming variance from 57–71 months up to 125 months where the defendant had
“more than 25 years of criminal history encompassing crimes from burglary and
robbery to grand theft and reckless driving” and the sentence was “well below the
statutory maximum”). Because we are not “left with the definite and firm
conviction,” Irey, 612 F.3d at 1190 (quotation marks omitted), that Gantt’s 72-
7 Case: 17-13255 Date Filed: 05/24/2018 Page: 8 of 8
month sentence is substantively unreasonable, the district court’s judgment is
AFFIRMED.