NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION File Name: 21a0522n.06
No. 20-6153
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT FILED ) Nov 16, 2021 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk ) ) Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED ) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR v. ) THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF ) KENTUCKY AARON M. JAMISON, ) ) Defendant-Appellant. )
Before: McKEAGUE, NALBANDIAN, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM. Aaron M. Jamison appeals the district court’s judgment sentencing him
to 36 months of imprisonment and ordering him to pay $640,638.31 in restitution. As set forth
below, we AFFIRM.
Jamison established and controlled Micah Group, LLC, a company that performed
environmental remediation services for underground storage tank sites across Kentucky. The
Kentucky Division of Waste Management Underground Storage Tank Branch (USTB) oversaw
the remediation work and paid Micah Group for those services, which included drilling for
groundwater monitoring wells and later removing the wells after the USTB determined that no
further action was required at the underground storage tank site. Kentucky regulations provide for
the proper abandonment of groundwater monitoring wells under the supervision of a certified well
driller and the submission of a Uniform Kentucky Well Maintenance and Plugging Record. The
record must document the abandonment work performed at the well and include an affirmation by No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
the certified well driller that the described work was done under the driller’s supervision. See 401
Ky. Admin. Regs. 6:350.
In January 2020, Jamison pleaded guilty to an information charging him with theft from an
employee benefit plan, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 664; conspiracy to commit mail fraud, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371; and unlawful storage of hazardous waste, in violation of 42 U.S.C.
§ 6928(d)(2)(A). With respect to the mail fraud conspiracy, Jamison admitted that he and others
signed and submitted paperwork to the USTB, including abandonment reports, plugging records,
and reimbursement claims that falsely stated that Micah Group had properly abandoned
groundwater monitoring wells and that the work had been done under the supervision of a certified
well driller.
The offense level calculation in Jamison’s presentence report included a 14-level
enhancement for a total loss amount in excess of $550,000 but less than $1,500,000. See U.S.S.G.
§ 2B1.1(b)(1)(H). After Jamison objected to the loss amount attributed to the mail fraud
conspiracy, the district court conducted a hearing for the purpose of determining the loss and
restitution amounts. The district court calculated a loss amount of $652,141.30 involving about
308 wells at 56 sites from 2013 through 2017. That amount included $792.30 per well paid by the
USTB to Micah Group plus the costs paid by the State to inspect and remediate the work performed
by Micah Group. The district court calculated Jamison’s guidelines range as 46 to 57 months of
imprisonment based on a total offense level of 23 and a criminal history category of I. The district
court sentenced Jamison below that range to 36 months of imprisonment followed by three years
of supervised release and ordered him to pay $640,638.31 in restitution. The total restitution
amount included $637,879.90 to the Kentucky State Treasurer, representing the loss amount
-2- No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
related to the mail fraud conspiracy reduced by $14,261.40 that the State withheld from Micah
Group after discovering misrepresentations about the well abandonments.1
On appeal, Jamison challenges the district court’s determination of the loss and restitution
amounts arising from the mail fraud conspiracy. We review the district court’s determination of
the loss amount attributed to a defendant under U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1 for clear error, while we review
the district court’s methodology for calculating the loss de novo. United States v. Warshak, 631
F.3d 266, 328 (6th Cir. 2010). We review the amount of restitution ordered by the district court
for abuse of discretion. United States v. Sizemore, 850 F.3d 821, 824 (6th Cir. 2017).
Jamison argues that the district court’s determination of the loss and restitution amounts
went beyond the scope of the plea agreement, in which he admitted to actual knowledge of
improper well abandonment at only one site in Jeffersonville, Kentucky. Although the plea
agreement discussed the Jeffersonville site in particular, Jamison admitted facts demonstrating that
the mail fraud conspiracy went beyond that site and lasted at least four years:
Due to the inadequate cash reserves to operate Micah Group and the timeliness of the State’s claims reimbursement upon receipt of a report and claim for payment, particularly between the years of 2013 and 2017, abandonments would be left for field crews to perform despite the fact that a certified driller could not be on site supervising or ensuring that the abandonments were performed correctly or as Micah Group field employees may have indicated in notes they took.
(R. 8, Plea Agreement, PageID 21.) Jamison also admitted facts regarding the signing of plugging
records “for the Jeffersonville site in 2016, and the majority of others,” clearly referencing the
submission of fraudulent paperwork for other sites. (Id.)
Regardless of whether the facts admitted by Jamison included sites other than the Jefferson
site, “a District Court may rely on extra-verdict facts or on those other than which the defendant
1 The total restitution amount also included payments to individuals for health insurance premiums and denied healthcare claims relating to Jamison’s theft from Micah Group’s employee benefit plans. That restitution is not at issue in this appeal. -3- No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
has specifically admitted when it calculates his sentence.” United States v. Cook, 453 F.3d 775,
777 (6th Cir. 2006). Here, the plea agreement expressly contemplated that the district court would
consider conduct beyond the Jeffersonville site in determining the loss amount. It stated that
Jamison’s “relevant conduct include[d] . . . claims submitted to the Kentucky Energy and
Environment Cabinet between February 2004 and June 2017 fraudulently seeking payment for
groundwater monitoring well abandonment work that was not performed correctly or at all.” (R.
8, Plea Agreement, PageID 23.) And Jamison “specifically reserve[d] the right to contest the
number of improperly abandoned wells, and any loss incurred by the Kentucky Energy and
Environment Cabinet caused by the submission of claims for well abandonment work that was not
performed correctly or at all.” (Id.)
Jamison argues that the government did not satisfy its burden to prove the loss and
restitution amounts by a preponderance of the evidence. For purposes of U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1, the
government bears the burden to prove the amount of loss—actual or intended—by a preponderance
of the evidence. United States v. Riccardi, 989 F.3d 476, 481 (6th Cir. 2021).
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NOT RECOMMENDED FOR PUBLICATION File Name: 21a0522n.06
No. 20-6153
UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE SIXTH CIRCUIT FILED ) Nov 16, 2021 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA, DEBORAH S. HUNT, Clerk ) ) Plaintiff-Appellee, ) ON APPEAL FROM THE UNITED ) STATES DISTRICT COURT FOR v. ) THE EASTERN DISTRICT OF ) KENTUCKY AARON M. JAMISON, ) ) Defendant-Appellant. )
Before: McKEAGUE, NALBANDIAN, and MURPHY, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM. Aaron M. Jamison appeals the district court’s judgment sentencing him
to 36 months of imprisonment and ordering him to pay $640,638.31 in restitution. As set forth
below, we AFFIRM.
Jamison established and controlled Micah Group, LLC, a company that performed
environmental remediation services for underground storage tank sites across Kentucky. The
Kentucky Division of Waste Management Underground Storage Tank Branch (USTB) oversaw
the remediation work and paid Micah Group for those services, which included drilling for
groundwater monitoring wells and later removing the wells after the USTB determined that no
further action was required at the underground storage tank site. Kentucky regulations provide for
the proper abandonment of groundwater monitoring wells under the supervision of a certified well
driller and the submission of a Uniform Kentucky Well Maintenance and Plugging Record. The
record must document the abandonment work performed at the well and include an affirmation by No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
the certified well driller that the described work was done under the driller’s supervision. See 401
Ky. Admin. Regs. 6:350.
In January 2020, Jamison pleaded guilty to an information charging him with theft from an
employee benefit plan, in violation of 18 U.S.C. § 664; conspiracy to commit mail fraud, in
violation of 18 U.S.C. § 371; and unlawful storage of hazardous waste, in violation of 42 U.S.C.
§ 6928(d)(2)(A). With respect to the mail fraud conspiracy, Jamison admitted that he and others
signed and submitted paperwork to the USTB, including abandonment reports, plugging records,
and reimbursement claims that falsely stated that Micah Group had properly abandoned
groundwater monitoring wells and that the work had been done under the supervision of a certified
well driller.
The offense level calculation in Jamison’s presentence report included a 14-level
enhancement for a total loss amount in excess of $550,000 but less than $1,500,000. See U.S.S.G.
§ 2B1.1(b)(1)(H). After Jamison objected to the loss amount attributed to the mail fraud
conspiracy, the district court conducted a hearing for the purpose of determining the loss and
restitution amounts. The district court calculated a loss amount of $652,141.30 involving about
308 wells at 56 sites from 2013 through 2017. That amount included $792.30 per well paid by the
USTB to Micah Group plus the costs paid by the State to inspect and remediate the work performed
by Micah Group. The district court calculated Jamison’s guidelines range as 46 to 57 months of
imprisonment based on a total offense level of 23 and a criminal history category of I. The district
court sentenced Jamison below that range to 36 months of imprisonment followed by three years
of supervised release and ordered him to pay $640,638.31 in restitution. The total restitution
amount included $637,879.90 to the Kentucky State Treasurer, representing the loss amount
-2- No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
related to the mail fraud conspiracy reduced by $14,261.40 that the State withheld from Micah
Group after discovering misrepresentations about the well abandonments.1
On appeal, Jamison challenges the district court’s determination of the loss and restitution
amounts arising from the mail fraud conspiracy. We review the district court’s determination of
the loss amount attributed to a defendant under U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1 for clear error, while we review
the district court’s methodology for calculating the loss de novo. United States v. Warshak, 631
F.3d 266, 328 (6th Cir. 2010). We review the amount of restitution ordered by the district court
for abuse of discretion. United States v. Sizemore, 850 F.3d 821, 824 (6th Cir. 2017).
Jamison argues that the district court’s determination of the loss and restitution amounts
went beyond the scope of the plea agreement, in which he admitted to actual knowledge of
improper well abandonment at only one site in Jeffersonville, Kentucky. Although the plea
agreement discussed the Jeffersonville site in particular, Jamison admitted facts demonstrating that
the mail fraud conspiracy went beyond that site and lasted at least four years:
Due to the inadequate cash reserves to operate Micah Group and the timeliness of the State’s claims reimbursement upon receipt of a report and claim for payment, particularly between the years of 2013 and 2017, abandonments would be left for field crews to perform despite the fact that a certified driller could not be on site supervising or ensuring that the abandonments were performed correctly or as Micah Group field employees may have indicated in notes they took.
(R. 8, Plea Agreement, PageID 21.) Jamison also admitted facts regarding the signing of plugging
records “for the Jeffersonville site in 2016, and the majority of others,” clearly referencing the
submission of fraudulent paperwork for other sites. (Id.)
Regardless of whether the facts admitted by Jamison included sites other than the Jefferson
site, “a District Court may rely on extra-verdict facts or on those other than which the defendant
1 The total restitution amount also included payments to individuals for health insurance premiums and denied healthcare claims relating to Jamison’s theft from Micah Group’s employee benefit plans. That restitution is not at issue in this appeal. -3- No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
has specifically admitted when it calculates his sentence.” United States v. Cook, 453 F.3d 775,
777 (6th Cir. 2006). Here, the plea agreement expressly contemplated that the district court would
consider conduct beyond the Jeffersonville site in determining the loss amount. It stated that
Jamison’s “relevant conduct include[d] . . . claims submitted to the Kentucky Energy and
Environment Cabinet between February 2004 and June 2017 fraudulently seeking payment for
groundwater monitoring well abandonment work that was not performed correctly or at all.” (R.
8, Plea Agreement, PageID 23.) And Jamison “specifically reserve[d] the right to contest the
number of improperly abandoned wells, and any loss incurred by the Kentucky Energy and
Environment Cabinet caused by the submission of claims for well abandonment work that was not
performed correctly or at all.” (Id.)
Jamison argues that the government did not satisfy its burden to prove the loss and
restitution amounts by a preponderance of the evidence. For purposes of U.S.S.G. § 2B1.1, the
government bears the burden to prove the amount of loss—actual or intended—by a preponderance
of the evidence. United States v. Riccardi, 989 F.3d 476, 481 (6th Cir. 2021). With respect to an
order of restitution, the government bears the burden of proving a victim’s actual loss by a
preponderance of the evidence. United States v. Kilpatrick, 798 F.3d 365, 388 (6th Cir. 2015).
At the sentencing hearing, the government presented the testimony of Libby Zuege, a now-
retired agent with the Environmental Protection Agency’s Criminal Investigation Division who
assisted in the investigation of Jamison’s activities related to the improper abandonment of
groundwater monitoring wells. Jamison claims that “much of what Ms. Zuege testified to is
unsubstantiated.” (Appellant’s Br. at 16.)
Jamison first objects to Zuege’s testimony about her interview with Craig Music,
complaining that Music was not available for cross-examination. But Zuege’s testimony about
Music related to the storage of hazardous waste, not the improper abandonment of groundwater
-4- No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
monitoring wells. So it had no bearing on the district court’s calculation of the loss and restitution
amounts related to the mail fraud conspiracy.
To the extent that Jamison contends that Zuege’s testimony constituted hearsay and
violated his right to confrontation, neither the Federal Rules of Evidence nor the Confrontation
Clause applies at sentencing. See United States v. Graham-Wright, 715 F.3d 598, 601 (6th Cir.
2013). Jamison asserts that the district court applied an improper standard for accepting hearsay
at sentencing: “The caveat is the evidence must have significant indicia—indicia of substantial
significance. So we have to have something that would indicate that this would be acceptable
evidence by the Court.” (R. 53, Sentencing Tr., PageID 463.) But the district court later articulated
the proper standard—“sufficient indicia of reliability.” (Id. at PageID 476, 522.) See United States
v. Mukes, 980 F.3d 526, 534 (6th Cir. 2020). The district court did not clearly err in finding that
Zuege’s testimony about her interviews with Micah Group’s employees was sufficiently reliable
based on her testimony that she warned the employees that providing false information could
subject them to prosecution for making a false statement. See United States v. Armstrong, 920
F.3d 395, 398 (6th Cir. 2019) (“[W]e will reverse the district court’s finding of reliability only if
it leaves us ‘with the definite and firm conviction that a mistake has been committed.’” (quoting
United States v. Darwich, 337 F.3d 645, 663 (6th Cir. 2003))).
Jamison next objects to the government’s use of a summary chart to establish the State’s
losses from Micah Group’s improper abandonment of groundwater monitoring wells. But “a
summary chart, when supported by additional evidence, can be used by the government to establish
losses for the purposes of restitution.” United States v. Carmichael, 676 F. App’x 402, 412 (6th
Cir. 2017) (citing United States v. Sawyer, 825 F.3d 287, 296 (6th Cir. 2016)). Exhibit 14, a
spreadsheet titled “86 MG ‘Top Tier,’” was created by the State and provided information about
86 sites where Micah Group improperly abandoned groundwater monitoring wells. This
-5- No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
spreadsheet included the date when Micah Group submitted the abandonment report, the number
of wells at the site purportedly abandoned by Micah Group after receiving a “no further action”
letter from the USTB, the name of the certified well driller who affirmed that the work at the site
had been done under the driller’s supervision, the amount paid by the State to Micah Group, and
the amount paid by the State to contractors to investigate and remediate Micah Group’s work. The
spreadsheet also included commentary about the contractors’ findings at each site and photographs
of the wells. This exhibit, combined with Zuege’s testimony, Jamison’s admissions in the plea
agreement, and the other evidence presented by the government, provided sufficient evidence for
the district court to determine by a preponderance of the evidence the amounts of loss and
restitution.
Jamison also contends that the district court denied him the opportunity to present
exculpatory evidence through the testimony of Ryan Brown, a certified well driller who worked
for Micah Group at some point. But the district court never prohibited Jamison from calling Brown
or any other witnesses. At the beginning of the sentencing hearing, defense counsel asserted that
the government had just produced an unsworn statement from Brown indicating that he had
worked on approximately 50 sites and that “in the site[s] that he was on that the work was done
properly.” (R. 52, Sentencing Tr., PageID 296.) Defense counsel asked “to include Mr. Brown’s
relevant testimony as part of the record here because I think it’s instructional to the Court as to
exculpation of Mr. Jamison and the Micah Group.” (Id. at PageID 297.) The district court did not
prohibit defense counsel’s proffer. Regardless, Brown’s statement had little bearing on the district
court’s calculation of the loss and restitution amounts because he was not listed as the certified
well driller for any of the sites included in the district court’s calculation.
Jamison asserts that he was wrongly held accountable for the actions of Mark Stafford, a
certified well driller for Micah Group who signed forms affirming that he had supervised work
-6- No. 20-6153, United States v. Jamison
when he had not. According to Jamison, Stafford was the person to be held liable for any well
abandonment issues pursuant to 401 Kentucky Administrative Regulations 6:350. But Jamison
pleaded guilty to conspiring to commit mail fraud, admitting that he, Stafford, and others submitted
or caused to be submitted Micah Group’s paperwork, including abandonment reports, plugging
records, and reimbursement claims to the USTB, that falsely stated that Micah Group had properly
abandoned the groundwater monitoring wells and that the work had been done under Stafford’s
supervision. The Mandatory Victims Restitution Act “specifically empowers district courts to
make individual defendants liable for all of the losses caused by multi-defendant crimes, and we
have consistently affirmed such decisions in the conspiracy context.” Sawyer, 825 F.3d at 295.
Jamison has failed to demonstrate that the district court abused its discretion or otherwise
erred in calculating the loss and restitution amounts. Accordingly, we AFFIRM the district court’s
judgment.
-7-