United States v. $47,000 in U.S. Funds

CourtDistrict Court, District of Columbia
DecidedJune 15, 2018
DocketCivil Action No. 2017-2233
StatusPublished

This text of United States v. $47,000 in U.S. Funds (United States v. $47,000 in U.S. Funds) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering District Court, District of Columbia primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States v. $47,000 in U.S. Funds, (D.D.C. 2018).

Opinion

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United States v. $47,000 in U.S. Funds, Counsel Stack Legal Research, https://law.counselstack.com/opinion/united-states-v-47000-in-us-funds-dcd-2018.