United States Pub. Interest Research Group v. Bd. of Envtl. Prot.

CourtSuperior Court of Maine
DecidedAugust 25, 2004
DocketKENap-03-43
StatusUnpublished

This text of United States Pub. Interest Research Group v. Bd. of Envtl. Prot. (United States Pub. Interest Research Group v. Bd. of Envtl. Prot.) is published on Counsel Stack Legal Research, covering Superior Court of Maine primary law. Counsel Stack provides free access to over 12 million legal documents including statutes, case law, regulations, and constitutions.

Bluebook
United States Pub. Interest Research Group v. Bd. of Envtl. Prot., (Me. Super. Ct. 2004).

Opinion

STATE OF MAINE SUPERIOR COURT

CIVIL ACTION

KENNEBEC, ss. . DOCKET NO. AP-03-43 UNITED STATES PUBLIC INTEREST RESEARCH GROUP, et al.,

Petitioners

Vv. DECISION AND ORDER

THE BOARD OF ENVIRONMENTAL wage Ph ie PROTECTION, ke

Respondent SEE LS om,

This matter is before the court on petition pursuant to M.R. Civ. P. 80C and ~ MLS.A.§ 11001 et seq. Petitioners United States Public Interest I asearch Group (UE. PIRG), the Sierra Club, The Conservation Law Foundation, Inc. (CLF) and two of its ' members, Charles Fitzgerald, and Stephen Crawford filed a petition for review of final agency action. Atlantic Salmon of Maine was granted intervention as a party- respondent and Stolt Sea Farm, International AquaFoods, USA, Inc., and D.E. Salmon Inc., filed their written appearance.

Dated June 19, 2003, the Maine Board of Environmental Protection (BEP) approved a Maine Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Permit and Waste Discharge License approving the issuance of a general permit for certain Atlantic Salmon Aquaculture Facility’ in Class SB or SC Waters of the State located east of Naskeag Point in Brooklin, except those waters in the area North of a line from Schoodic Point in

Winter Harbor to Baker Island in Cranberry Island, then West to Naskeag Point in

Brooklin, subject to conditions and all applicable standards and regulations.

* This permit is not issued to a particular applicant but to those practicing this type of fish farming Petitioners seek review of the permit issued pursuant to the Federal Clean Water Act, 33 U.S.C. § 1251 et seg., by the BEP. Asserting that salmon farms discharge numerous pollutants including chemical pesticides, antibiotics, tons of uneaten food and fish wastes, dyes and the fish themselves’ into navigable waters, petitioners challenge the procedure and substantial evidence supporting issuance of a general permit.

For some years the interested parties have owned and operated salmon farms in the waters of the State of Maine pursuant to Maine Department of Marine Resources (DMR) aquaculture leases. Initially told by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) that they were not required to obtain a permit under the National Pollutant Discharge-Elimination Systern (NPDES), in 1989 and 1990 they were then iold - that such permits were required and to submit an application to the EPA. The applications were appropriately filed but the salmon farmers never received any permits nor did they receive any response from the EPA regarding any of their applications. During those years, the EPA was the only NPDES permitting agency. However, in January of 2001, the EPA delegated to the State of Maine the authority to issue permits under the NPDES, memorialized by a memorandum of agreement between the Maine Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the EPA dated January 12, 2001.

Beginning in September of 2002, the BEP, at the behest of the DEP, assumed jurisdiction over the issuance of a general finfish aquaculture permit. Beginning in December of 2002 with prehearing conferences, and continuing through public

meetings held by BEP in Bangor and Machias and elsewhere, 1,400 pages of testimony,

* The farm bred salmon, often European strains not native to Maine waters, are themselves considered, in a sense, 2 pollutant in this case. additional exhibits, the application and agency memoranda created an administrative record approaching 4,000 pages. The permit itself (MEG130000), with appendixes is 110 pages long.

In petitioners’ reply brief, they included a “declaration” by Joshua R. Kratka referring to an attached list of additives fed to farmed salmon and chemicals used in the sea pen operations. Upon motion by the respondent, the court has stricken the “declaration” as an improper attempt to expand the record for review by the court.

When the decision of an administrative agency is appealed pursuant to M_R. Civ. P. 80C, this Court reviews the agency’s decision directly for abuse of discretion, errors of law, or findings not supported by the evidence. Centamore v. Dep’t of Human Services, 664 A.2d-369, 379 (Me. 1995)- “An adgninistrative-decision will be sustained if, on the basis of the entire record before it, the agency could have fairly and reasonably found the facts as it did.” Seider v. Board of Exam’r of Psychologists, 2000 ME 206 § 9, 762 A.2d 551, 555 (Me. 2000) (citing CWCO, Inc. v. Superintendent of Ins., 1997 ME 226, 6, 703 A.2d 1258, 1261 (Me. 1997)).

In reviewing the decisions of an administrative agency, the Court should “not attempt to second-guess the agency on matters falling within its realm of expertise” and the Court’s review is limited to “determining whether the agency’s conclusions are unreasonable, unjust or unlawful in light of the record.” Imagineering v. Superintendent of Ins., 593 A.2d 1050, 1053 (Me. 1991). The focus on appeal is not whether the Court would have reached the same conclusion as the agency, but whether the record contains competent and substantial evidence that supports the result reached by the agency. CWCO, Inc. v. Superintendent of Ins., 703 A.2d 1258, 1261. “Inconsistent evidence will not

render an agency decision unsupported.” Seider, 762 A.2d 551 (citations omitted). The 4

burden of proof rests with the party seeking to overturn the agency’s decision, and that party must prove that no competent evidence supports the Board’s decision. Id.

Factual determinations must be sustained unless shown to be clearly erroneous. Imagineering, 593 A.2d at 1053 (noting that the Court recognizes no distinction between the clearly erroneous and substantial evidence in the record standards of review for factual determinations made by administrative agencies). “A party seeking review of an agency’s findings must prove they are unsupported by any competent evidence.” Maine Bankers Ass’n v. Bureau, 684 A.2d 1304, 1306 (Me. 1996) (emphasis added).

“When the dispute involves an agency’s interpretation of a statute administered by it, the agency’s interpretation, although not conclusive on the Court, is accorded " great deference and will be upheld unless the statute-plainly compels-a-contrary-result.’”... Maine Bankers Ass'n, 684 A.2d at 1306 (citing Centamore v. Department of Human Services, 664 A.2d 369, 370 (Me. 1995).

Petitioners advance four principal arguments in favor of their petition seeking reversal and remand or modification of the June 19, 2003 BEP decision to issue a general

permit for Atlantic Salmon Aquaculture.

1. The BEP decision to issue a general permit is unsupported by substantial

evidence and constitutes an error of law.

2. The BEP decision allowing “mixing zones” for sediment beneath salmon

farms is in excess of statutory authority.

3. The permit conditions are less protective of Wild Salmon than those required by federal wildlife agencies and therefore violate state law.

4. The BEP ruling that DEP would serve as both “applicant” and BEP staff

during the hearings created a biased process and violate BEP regulations. Petitioners assert that Maine law authorizes issuance of general permits instead of individual permits for pollution sources that have the same type of discharge, but only if that discharge involves “a relatively low risk for significant environmental impact.” Code Me. R. 06-096-529 (Summary).

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