United States of America v. Ian Freeman

2022 DNH 148

• Court: District Court, D. New Hampshire
• Decided: November 30, 2022
• Docket: 21-cr-00041-JL
• Status: Published

Opinion

UNITED STATES DISTRICT COURT DISTRICT OF NEW HAMPSHIRE

United States of America

v. Criminal No. 1:21-cr-00041-JL Opinion No. 2022 DNH 148 Ian Freeman

ORDER ON DEFENDANT’S MOTION IN LIMINE

The defendant’s “motion to exclude evidence of bank fraud and wire fraud at trial”

(doc. no. 233) is denied. The government does not seek to introduce evidence that is only

relevant to the wire and bank fraud charges that it is no longer prosecuting against this

defendant. Other evidence allegedly supporting the wire and bank fraud counts may be

relevant, and indeed, appears “intertwined with” and central to, other remaining counts,

such as conspiracy to operate an unlicensed money transmitting business, conspiracy to

commit money laundering, and tax evasion. United States v. Epstein, 426 F.3d 431, 439

(1st Cir. 2005); see also United States v. Green, 698 F.3d 48, 55 (1st Cir. 2012) (“[I]n a

conspiracy case, evidence of other bad acts . . . can be admitted to explain the

background, formation, and development of the illegal relationship, and, more

specifically, to help the jury understand the basis for the co-conspirators’ relationship of

mutual trust.”); Superseding Indictment (doc. no. 139) at ¶¶ 4-5, 14a-f, 37, and 40.

Moreover, the challenged evidence “concern[s] matters intrinsic to the [remaining]

crime[s] charged” and thus does not “trigger” F.R.E. 404(b), as the defendant contends.

United States v. Mare, 668 F.3d 35, 39 (1st Cir. 2012); see also United States v. Souza,

749 F.3d 74, 84 & n.2 (1st Cir. 2014) (noting that courts may admit “intrinsic” evidence of other wrongful conduct to provide “the necessary description of the events leading up

to” the charged crime); United States v. Buckner, 868 F.3d 684, 688 (8th Cir. 2017)

(“Where evidence of other wrongful conduct is offered for the purpose of providing the

context in which the charged offense occurred, it is properly considered intrinsic

evidence.”). The court has considered whether the probative value of this evidence is

substantially outweighed by the dangers of any of the factors listed in Rule 403, and finds

that it is not. Fed. R. Evid. 403.

Lastly, even if considered 404(b) evidence, the challenged evidence may be

admissible for another purpose, such as proving intent, plan, preparation, knowledge,

absence of mistake, or lack of accident. Fed. R. Evid. 404(b)(2); Epstein, 426 F.3d at 439

(“Further, the fact that [the defendant] did not include all of his income suggests that he

had knowledge of the fraudulent scheme.”). And to the extent the challenged evidence

presents a danger of unfair prejudice, confusing the issues, or misleading the jury, such

danger does not substantially outweigh the evidence’s probative value. Fed. R. Evid.

404(b); 403.

These rulings are made without prejudice to revisiting particular issues in response

to circumstances that might arise during trial. Furthermore, these rulings are limited to

the grounds argued in the parties’ filings. The court reserves the right to assess other

factors at trial, such as hearsay, authenticity, and best evidence, see Fed. R. Evid. 800 et

seq., 900 et seq., and 1000 et seq., and where appropriate, arguments and grounds not

raised by each side. To the extent the court here rules that evidence may be admitted for

2 a limited purpose, see Fed. R. Evid. 105, it will give the jury a limiting instruction upon

the request of counsel at trial.

SO ORDERED.

______________________ Joseph N. Laplante United States District Judge

Dated: November 30, 2022

cc: Seth R. Aframe, AUSA Georgiana MacDonald, AUSA John J. Kennedy, AUSA Michael T. McCormack, AUSA Mark L. Sisti, Esq.